九开关变换器驱动六相电机的载波调制PWM控制

针对九开关变换器驱动六相永磁同步电机系统的断相运行状态,研究了一种基于有效作用时间的载波调制PWM控制方法。给出了九开关变换器及基于有效作用时间的载波调制PWM控制的基本原理,建立了正常情况下六相PMSM的数学模型,根据单相和两相断路后电机相应的约束条件,采用空间解耦变换矩阵,分别建立了单相断路和两相断路后的电机数学模型,在Matlab/Simulink中进行了仿真实验,验证了所提控制方法的可行性。     

升压式ZVT-PWM软开关变换器仿真研究

分析了零电压过渡脉宽调制型(ZVT-PWM)软开关变换器基本工作原理,利用PSPICE软件对升压式ZVT-PWM软开关变换器进行仿真,给出了仿真结果,并与一般的升压变换器进行了比较.仿真结果表明,ZVT-PWM软开关变换技术具有开关损耗小、电源电压和负载适应范围宽、恒频控制和变换效率高等优点.     

升压式ZVT—PWM软开关变换器仿真研究

分析了零电压过渡脉宽调制型(ZVT-PWM)软开关变换器基本工作原理，利用PSPICE软件对升压式ZVT-PWM软开关变换器进行仿真，给出了仿真结果，并与一般的升压变换器进行了比较。仿真结果表明，ZVT—PWM软开关变换技术具有开关损耗小、电源电压和负载适应范围宽、恒频控制和变换效率高等优点。     

基于小波变换的开关磁阻电机系统功率变换器故障诊断

适用于开关磁阻电机(SRM)驱动系统的功率变换器是决定系统可靠性的关键环节,功率变换器的长时间故障运行会导致整个系统的崩溃,因此,功率变换器的故障诊断具有重要的作用。采用离散小波变换方法,提取故障相电流的平均值与标准差的比值作为诊断特征量,对功率变换器斩波管和位置管的4种故障类型进行分析和讨论,实现了故障类型的确定与故障器件的定位。最后通过仿真和试验验证了所提的故障诊断方法具有良好的可行性和有效性。     

无人机用燃料电池阴极供气系统建模与控制

燃料电池因其高效、无污染、噪声小等特点,被认为是未来最具有潜力的无人机（UAV）用动力源,燃料电池阴极供气系统的控制技术是决定燃料电池系统性能和可靠性的关键。针对无人机用质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）阴极供气系统,首先,考虑外界温度、压力、空气密度以及雷诺数等随高度变化的参数,建立了跨高度离心空压机模型并分析了其在不同高度下的工作特性,基于无刷直流电机反电势特征构建了高速空压机驱动电机模型。其次,通过计算燃料电池阴极氧气和氮气的动态分压获取了PEMFC电堆输出电压。设计了基于分数阶PI^λD^μ的过氧比和阴极气压控制方法,驱动电机采用有限集模型预测控制（MPC）实现快速的转矩响应,仿真结果表明设计的控制器可在无人机跨高度运行条件下实现过氧比的快速调节,同时维持阴极气压稳定,满足燃料电池阴极供气需求。     

飞机燃料电池的离心空气压缩机特性研究

本文研究了基于离心压缩机的飞机燃料电池空气管理系统。离心式空气压缩机将高速旋转的动能转化为压力,具有体积小、重量轻的优点。通过建立离心压缩机高空环境模型,研究其在高空环境下的工作特性,分析高度变化对压力、流量的影响,得出工作区间内高度、压力、流量以及转速之间的特性曲线及耦合特性。采用动态模型分析了在高度变化时,压缩机压力、流量及转速的动态特性。基于一个用于氢燃料电池的1k W高速离心式压缩机,对其进行了建模、仿真,并验证了离心空气压缩机在高空环境下的压力与流量工作特性。     

一种新型井下架线电机车供电电源设计

提出了一种新型的基于单周期控制的单位功率因数整流器为井下电机车供电。该电源由维也纳整流级和高频隔离DC-DC变换级两级功率变换器级联构成,但控制电路采用一级协调控制。电路控制简单,不需要乘法器和输入电压检测就可以实现单位功率因数运行,且可以降低开关器件一半的电压应力。详细分析了新型整流电路的基本工作原理和双闭环控制策略,并通过仿真和试验对此新型电路拓扑及其相应控制策略的正确性进行了验证。     

燃料电池无人机动力系统方案设计与试验

针对燃料电池为主能源的无人机（UAV）动力系统,设计了纯燃料电池动力系统、燃料电池/蓄电池（简称燃蓄）被/主动混合动力系统3种拓扑结构方案。以空冷质子交换膜燃料电池为例,搭建了燃料电池动力系统方案一体化试验平台。考虑阶梯型和阶跃型2种加载形式,试验研究了燃料电池自身的动态特性和启动特性。以阶梯型功率剖面的加载形式,试验研究了纯燃料电池动力系统放电特性;以无人机典型任务剖面作为加载形式,开展燃蓄被/主动混合动力系统对比试验研究。试验结果表明：纯燃料电池动力方案适用于低机动小型无人机,燃蓄被动混合方案可满足小型无人机大机动飞行,燃蓄主动混合方案系统可适应中大型无人机更长航时飞行。     

Z源NPC三电平变换器恒功率并网控制策略研究

Z源中点钳位式(NPC)三电平变换器把逆变和升压两种环节结合在一起,结构简单、工作效率高,但是针对这种结构输出的无功功率研究较少。提出了一种Z源NPC三电平变换器的恒功率并网控制策略。首先对这种变换器的结构及原理进行分析；再把恒功率控制引入到这种变换器的并网控制中,并采用空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)实现了变换器的并网控制。MATLAB/Simulink软件仿真结果证明了这种变换器能够提高电压升压比。该控制策略可使变换器输出的有功功率、无功功率稳定于设定值,且并网电流谐波较低。     

软开关组合式变换器建模与校正

针对电流控制离散脉冲调制方式下的一种软开关组合式变换器,借助于时域仿真和付里叶变换建立系统频域模型（频率特性曲线）,并在此基础上导出等效解析模型,为软开关组合式变换器系统性能分析提供了一种方便可行的方法,特别是解决了其电压调节器设计盲目性的问题。并给出了电压调节器设计及系统性能分析实例。     

Evaluation of active hybrid fuel cell/battery power sources

Hybrid fuel cell/battery power sources have potentially widespread uses in applications wherein the power demand is impulsive rather than constant. Interposing a dc/dc converter between a fuel cell and a battery can create two configurations of actively controlled hybrid fuel cell/battery power sources. Those two configurations are compared using both theory and experiment with special attention to the peak power enhancement, and power losses in the converter. Both of the defined configurations were built, using a 35 W polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell, an 8-cell lithium-ion battery pack, and a high-efficiency power converter. Both two configurations yielded a peak power output of 135 W, about 4 times as high as the fuel cell alone could supply, with only a slight (13%) increase of weight. The converter losses were quantitatively analyzed. Which of the two configurations yields a smaller loss depends on the load power demand characteristics including peak power and load duty ratio. The study results provide guidance for the design of hybrid sources according to the particular load power requirements.     

Modeling of a new ZVS bi-directional dc-dc converter

A dual half-bridge (DHB) bidirectional dc-dc converter is a new proposed topology that has the advantages of decreased number of devices, soft-switching implementation, low cost, and high efficiency. Typical applications of this converter are the auxiliary power supply in fuel cell vehicles and battery charging and discharging systems where the power density, cost, weight, and reliability are critical factors. A switching-frequency-dependent state-space averaged model of the converter is developed here for either direction of power flow. This averaged model can be used to derive the steady-state characteristics and small signal dynamics of the proposed topology. It also provides a fast simulation tool to investigate the transient response of the converter. The simulated waveforms of the mathematical model are compared with the detailed circuit simulation to verify the accuracy of the modeling.     

Tapped-inductor filter assisted soft-switching PWM DC-DC power converter

A novel high-frequency transformer linked full-bridge type soft-switching phase-shift pulsewidth modulated (PWM) controlled dc-dc power converter is presented, which can be used as a power conditioner for small-scale photovoltaic and fuel cell power generation systems as well as isolated boost dc-dc power converter for automotive ac power supply. In these applications with low-voltage large-current sources, the full-bridge circuit is the most attractive topology due to the possibility of using low-voltage high-performance metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) and achieving high efficiency of the dc-dc power converter. A tapped-inductor filter including the freewheeling diode is newly implemented in the output stage of the full-bridge phase-shift PWM dc-dc converter to achieve soft-switching operation for the wide load variation range. Moreover, in the proposed converter circuit, the circulating current is effectively minimized without using additional resonant circuit and auxiliary power switching devices. The practical effectiveness of the proposed soft-switching dc-dc power converter was verified in laboratory level experiment with 1 kW 100 kHz breadboard setup using power MOSFETs. Actual efficiency of 94-97% was obtained for the wide duty cycle and load variation ranges.     

低压储能的升浮一体飞行器总体参数研究

升浮一体飞行器是一种综合了太阳能无人机和平流层飞艇特点的新型临近空间飞行器,是航空航天领域研究的热点,可再生燃料电池是升浮一体飞行器最有发展前景的储能装置。针对现有燃料电池中氢气和氧气存储方式的缺陷,充分利用升浮一体飞行器巨大的机身体积,提出了采用低压气囊储气的燃料电池方案,建立了升浮一体飞行器总体参数计算模型,提出常规燃料电池和气囊储气燃料电池的理论计算方法。研究了不同储气方式对升浮一体飞行器的能源系统以及飞行器总体参数的影响。研究表明,采用低压储气方法后,氢气的质量储气密度可提高至13.0%,燃料电池存储能量为1 489.7 kWh条件下,能量密度可达到1 000 Wh/kg以上,对减小升浮一体飞行器总重和外形尺寸、提高飞行器载荷能力有显著作用。     

PWM full-bridge converter with natural input power factor correction

A pulsewidth modulated (PWM) full-bridge converter that simultaneously performs input power factor correction (PFC) and DC-DC conversion is proposed. The converter is the same as the standard voltage-fed PWM full-bridge converter with a diode-bridge low-pass filter front end, but with a slight modification that results in an improvement in power factor that is sufficient to satisfy the EN61000-3-2 requirements for electrical equipment. The operation of the converter is explained and analyzed, and the results of the analysis are used to determine the converter's steady-state characteristics, which are discussed in detail. A design procedure for the selection of components is then derived and demonstrated with an example. The feasibility of the converter and its ability to satisfy EN61000-3-2 requirements on electrical equipment is shown with results obtained from an experimental prototype.     

双旋流燃烧室单头部油雾特性实验

为了获得双旋流燃烧室油雾特性,采用粒子图像测速仪（PIV）对其单头部油雾场进行测量.通过实验,获得了不同燃油流量分配、不同预燃级喷嘴位置对油雾特性的影响.在实验设计工况下所得结果表明:①直径约为80μm处的油珠体积分数最大,其他粒径的油珠体积分数都较小;②随着燃油流量增加,单开预燃级喷嘴时燃油雾化变差,单开主燃级喷嘴时雾化质量相差不大;③预燃级喷嘴位于旋流器出口处有助于改善燃油的雾化质量;④同时打开主燃级和预燃级喷嘴时,保持油气比不变,随着主燃级供油流量增加,雾化质量得到改善.      

Latest progress in fuel cell technology

A brief review of advances in fuel cell technology is given. The major types of cells being developed and their characteristics are tabulated. Also in table form is a summary of worldwide fuel cell application and developmental interests, particularly in Europe, Japan, and the US. Performance improvements for phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC) over the years 1969-92 are discussed. Potential fuel cell markets are indicated     

气氢/气氧喷注器流量特性实验

针对热试实验所用的两种典型结构气氢/气氧喷注器,开展了不同反压下的流量特性实验.重点考察了燃料喷嘴对氧化剂喷嘴流量特性的影响和压降变化对喷嘴流量特性的影响.研究结果表明:反压从0.2～4 MPa的范围内变化时,双路同时工作时氧化剂喷嘴的流量系数要大于其自身单路工作时的流量系数;氧化剂喷嘴和燃料喷嘴的流量系数均随压降的增大而增大,并且增长趋势逐渐平缓.所得结论对气-气喷注器的设计和改进具有重要意义.      

适用无人机的小型燃料电池控制方法

燃料电池动力系统作为一种长航时电动无人机的动力方案,其燃料电池的控制技术是决定动力系统可靠性和高效性的关键技术。针对用于无人机的小型空冷型开放阴极的质子交换膜燃料电池,考虑面向工程应用的燃料电池整体控制过程,兼顾电堆温度控制和水管理,提出了一种前馈型模糊PID的电堆温度控制方法,同时设计了一种基于安时积分门限法的膜水含量调节策略,以实现对整个燃料电池系统的高效控制。通过搭建燃料电池温度控制与水管理试验平台,对所提出的控制技术进行了试验验证,并与现有温控和水管理方法进行了对比分析。试验结果表明：所提前馈型模糊PID方法在较长时间的燃料电池启动过程中能够较快地达到目标温度,相比于PID方法减少了7%的调节时间,与传统模糊PID方法相当;燃料电池电流持续减小时,所提前馈型模糊PID方法对超调量的抑制效果具有明显优势,其超调量仅为PID方法的34%,为传统模糊PID方法的43%;所提安时积分门限排水控制方法既能防止水淹故障,又可提高燃料经济性,在所给工况中相比现有方法节约了15%的氢气。