垂直发射微小型地-空导弹可拦截区的计算

建立了导弹及目标的飞行数学模型,给出了地-空导弹可拦截区的计算方法,对导弹及目标的对抗飞行运动进行了仿真。对仿真结果进行综合分析后认为,导弹可拦截区主要由以下因素决定：导弹发动机与机动能力、导弹-目标相对位置与目标的初始速度矢量、目标的机动飞行能力等。所给出的导弹可拦截区算法可以计算出任意情况下的可拦截区。     

基于神经网络的导弹制导控制一体化反演设计

针对制导控制一体化(IGC)模型中的不确定性难以进行估计补偿的问题,提出了基于神经网络的IGC反演设计方法。首先,根据弹目相对运动关系以及导弹自动驾驶仪模型建立了三维空间中的IGC模型。其次,针对由目标机动引起的模型不确定性,提出应用高阶滑模微分器(SMD)对导弹导引头获得的弹目相对运动信息进行微分,从而估计出目标加速度的方法,然后考虑导弹自身由于参数摄动以及未建模动态引起的模型不确定性,应用SMD和神经网络模型进行在线逼近补偿,基于反演控制理论设计了带有SMD和神经网络模型的IGC算法,应用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论对所设计的控制算法进行了稳定性证明。最后,进行了导弹六自由度仿真,验证了所设计控制算法的有效性。     

空地导弹滑模制导方法研究

针对空地导弹的制导规律设计问题,给出了滑模制导方法,建立了纵向平面内的弹-目相对运动方程。基于滑模控制理论,设计了空地导弹的制导规律,以同时保证脱靶量和弹道倾角要求,并针对固定目标,给出了相对距离和相对速度的解算方法,介绍了针对移动目标的相对距离和相对速度估算方法。仿真结果表明,该制导方法具有较高的制导精度,并且满足弹道倾角约束。     

基于结构不确定性的非线性鲁棒制导律设计

根据多普勒雷达导引头和红外成像导引头多模制导导弹弹道中段制导信息精度的特点,以非线性鲁棒控制理论为依据,设计了一种制导律.仿真结果表明,该制导律对弹目相对距离测量干扰有较好的鲁棒性,对目标大机动也有鲁棒性.因此,这种制导律可以作为多普勒雷达导引头和红外成像导引头多模制导导弹弹道中段的制导律使用.     

Empirical virtual sliding target guidance law design: an aerodynamic approach

We present a novel empirical virtual sliding target (VST) guidance law for the midcourse phase of a long range surface-to-air missile that uses the simplicity of the conventional proportional navigation (PN) guidance law while exploiting the aerodynamic characteristics of a missile's flight through the atmosphere to enable the missile to achieve superior performance than that achieved by conventional PN guidance laws. The missile trajectory emulates the trajectory of an optimal control based guidance law formulated on a realistic aerodynamic model of the missile-target engagement. The trajectory of the missile is controlled by controlling the speed of a virtual target that slides towards a predicted intercept point during the midcourse phase. Several sliding schemes, both linear and nonlinear, are proposed and the effect of the variation of the sliding parameters, which control the sliding speed of the virtual target, on the missile performance, are examined through extensive simulations that take into account the atmospheric characteristics as well as limitations on the missile in terms of the energy available and lateral acceleration limits. Launch envelopes for these sliding schemes for approaching and receding targets are also obtained. These results amply demonstrate the superiority of the proposed guidance law over the conventional PN law.     

弹载合成孔径雷达自适应重频分析与设计

弹载合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)的目标距离、视线角由于高速逼近目标而快速变化,这导致传统的固定脉冲重复频率(Pulse Repetition Frequency,PRF)(简称重频)波形难以兼顾弹载SAR雷达在成像各方面的约束条件,故需要根据当前弹体运动和弹目关系变化情况实时计算重频。详细分析了影响重频选择的各项因素,包括避免距离模糊、方位模糊、高度杂波、发射遮挡影响及SAR成像分辨率、系统相参性要求等影响因素,并设计了自适应重频计算的工作流程。某SAR雷达系统实验表明,该设计能够在实际飞行弹道条件下根据实际弹目关系自适应调整脉冲重复频率,从而更好地实现SAR雷达系统的工作性能,有效解决了固定重频波形不能适应弹载SAR工作条件的难题。     

Nonlinear Estimation Via Kalman Filtering

The extended Kalman-Bucy filtering algorithm is applied to the problem of estimating the system parameters of a single-channel missile attitude control system. In particular, noisy observations of body angular rate, normal acceleration, and control surface deflec tion are used in the algorithm to obtain estimates of body angular rate, angle of attack, control surface deflection, air density, and missile velocity. Computational results obtained for this problem are presented. These results are evaluated to determine the applicapility of this estimator as a part of an adaptive control scheme. In addition, a general approach to the formulation of practical nonlinear estimation problems is suggested.     

ROBUST ADAPTIVE BANK-TO-TURN MISSILE AUTOPILOT DESIGN USING FUZZY CMAC NEURAL NETWORKS

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带落角约束的虚拟目标实时轨迹生成算法

针对导弹带落角约束条件打击目标的要求,在纵向平面内,根据导弹和目标的实时运动轨迹,提出了一种虚拟目标实时轨迹生成算法,并且给出了该算法中所需要的目标实时位置信息的估算方法.仿真结果表明,以该算法得出的虚拟目标轨迹作为导弹的跟踪对象,采用变结构导引律能满足落角约束条件,并且能够提供很高的命中精度,从而证明了该算法的正确性和有效性,为带落角约束条件打击目标提供了一种新的思路和途径.     

An online data driven actor-critic-disturbance guidance law for missile-target interception with input constraints

In this article, we develop an online robust actor-critic-disturbance guidance law for a missile-target interception system with limited normal acceleration capability. Firstly, the missiletarget engagement is formulated as a zero-sum pursuit-evasion game problem. The key is to seek the saddle point solution of the Hamilton Jacobi Isaacs(HJI) equation, which is generally intractable due to the nonlinearity of the problem. Then, based on the universal approximation capability of Neural Networks(N...     

Pursuer identification and time-to-go estimation using passive measurements from an evader

We present an algorithm for identifying the parameters of a proportional navigation guidance missile (pursuer) pursuing an airborne target (evader) using angle-only measurements from the latter. This is done for the purpose of classifying the missile so that appropriate counter-measures can be taken. Mathematical models are constructed for a pursuer with a changing velocity, i.e., a direction change and a speed change. Assuming the pursuer is launched from the ground with fixed thrust, its motion can be described by a four-dimensional parameter vector consisting of its proportional navigation constant and three parameters related to thrusting. Consequently, the problem can be solved as a parameter estimation problem, rather than state estimation and we provide an estimator based on maximum likelihood (ML) to solve it. The parameter estimates obtained can be mapped into the time-to-go until intercept estimation results are presented for different scenarios together with the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB), which quantifies the best achievable estimation accuracy. The accuracy of the time-to-go estimate is also obtained. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed estimator is efficient by meeting the CRLB.     

弹道导弹飞行时间的BP神经网络控制方法

时间协同攻击是提高弹道导弹突防能力和作战效能的一种重要手段。由于发动机推力偏差等干扰因素造成导弹的飞行时间偏差较大,为精确控制弹道导弹的飞行时间,运用BP神经网络算法,建立了一种适用于较大飞行时间偏差修正的飞行时间调控模型。该模型用视加速度偏差表征推力偏差等干扰的影响,根据视加速度偏差调整导弹飞行中某一时段的程序角来实现对飞行时间的精确控制。由BP神经网络建立满足飞行时间偏差要求下视加速度与飞行程序角速率、转弯结束时间之间的映射关系。导弹实际飞行时,根据实际视加速度,由BP神经网络在线计算出飞行程序角速率及转弯结束时间,使导弹在干扰条件下仍以预定飞行时间到达目标。最后,通过仿真验证了该模型的有效性和可行性。     

一种适合于导弹控制系统的协方差阵重置递推辨识方法

介绍了一种重置协方差阵的递推辨识算法。这种方法改进了协方差阵的设置 ,以适应导弹控制系统的参数估计要求。数字仿真结果表明 ,对地空导弹、空空导弹控制系统有较好的辨识效果     

采用航路动态规划的时间控制技术研究

针对巡航导弹射程远的特点,考虑到导弹在中制导段的时间约束要求,利用导弹在线剩余时间预测方法,根据实际剩余时间和预测剩余时间得出了时间误差信号。在预定航路基础上利用时间误差信号生成侧向机动指令,通过航路动态规划,实现对攻击时间的控制。最后进行了仿真,仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

基于自动核构造高斯过程的导弹气动性能预测

在导弹的初期设计阶段,通常需要对导弹的气动性能进行快速粗略评估。针对传统工程估算软件计算精度低和CFD方法计算代价大的缺陷,提出一种基于高斯过程回归（GPR）代理模型快速预测典型导弹气动性能的方案。以导弹外形参数和攻角作为模型输入,升力系数、阻力系数和力矩系数作为模型输出,对GPR模型的气动性能预测结果进行分析。首先,与其他常用代理模型的预测精度对比,GPR模型对3种系数的预测误差分别仅为0.24%、0.36%和0.36%,高于其他代理模型的预测精度。其次,考虑GPR模型核函数选择严重依赖人工先验知识的问题,采用了一种自动核构造算法,无需先验知识即可从数据中自动学习核函数。将该算法嵌入GPR框架中,与传统GPR模型比较,实验结果表明：基于该算法的GPR模型对3种系数的预测误差分别降低到0.10%、0.22%和0.17%。最后,给出导弹气动性能快速预测的应用实例,结果表明所提出的GPR模型的导弹气动性能预测方案是有效的,能够满足设计初期快速且精确的气动性能预测需求。     

基于PH曲线的多无人飞行器协同航迹规划研究

随着无人飞行器智能化的发展,如何使其在动态环境下避开运动威胁,并能协同以规定的时间和角度进行攻击,从而顺利完成作战任务成为研究热点.基于Pythagorean Hodograph(PH)曲线进行在线航迹规划,提出了分布估计算法和差分进化算法相结合的方法进行航迹参数寻优,并给出了在线避障多无人飞行器协同航迹规划方法,仿真试验结果表明加入速度预测的多无人飞行器协同航迹规划方法的有效性.     

基于最优样条节点的导弹主动段弹道估计方法

拟合导弹主动段弹道并估计其弹道参数是天基红外系统(SBIRS)的重要任务之一。首先采用三次样条函数对导弹主动段弹道进行描述,并建立主动段弹道的运动模型和测量模型;其次采用最大似然估计方法将导弹弹道估计问题转化为非线性最小二乘准则下的样条系数和样条节点分布最优估计问题;最后利用投影定理将样条系数估计和样条节点分布估计分离开来,并通过迭代逼近给出了最优样条节点数的确定方法。仿真实验结果表明,所提方法不仅对主动段弹道的拟合精度高,而且还减少了待估参数的数目,简化了求解过程,可在无先验信息条件下较好地解决导弹主动段弹道的估计问题。     

Finite time L1 Approach for Missile Overload Requirement Analysis in Terminal Guidance

This article analyzes the problem about the missile overload requirement in a homing terminal guidance under various engagement scenarios. An augmented proportional navigation guidance (APNG) model is introduced on the basis of linear kinematics. To analyze the peak-to-peak performance of the terminal guidance system, a new finite time L₁ performance measure for a linear time-varying (LTV) continuous system is proposed. Then, according to the idea of the adjoint system, a novel method for computing the L₁ norm of a linear continuous system is first derived. Within the finite time L₁ framework, the quantitative relation between the guidance loop dynamics and the maximum missile-target maneuver ratio is offered. This relation is expressed in the form of graphs and formulas that can be used to synthesize some of the major subsystem specifications for the missile guidance system. The illustrative examples show that a significant performance improvement is achieved with the proposed guidance loop dynamics.     

一种非线性滤波器的误差分析及应用

针对一类具有未建模误差和扰动的非线性系统的状态估计问题,提出一种在线估计并补偿模型误差的非线性滤波算法,该算法利用非线性预测滤波(NPF)基于预测输出残差的方差最小的基本原则估计模型误差,冉利用扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)的思想对补偿后的模型进行状态估计;详细推导了状态估计误差及其方差阵的传播模型.以卫星姿态确定系统为例,...     

Radar power multiplier for acquisition of low observables using anESA radar

In this paper the acquisition of a low observable (LO) incoming tactical ballistic missile using the measurements from a surface based electronically scanned array (ESA) radar is presented. We present a batch maximum likelihood (ML) estimator to acquire the missile while it is exo-atmospheric. The proposed estimator, which combines ML estimation with the probabilistic data association (PDA) approach resulting in the ML-PDA algorithm to handle false alarms, also uses target features. The use of features facilitates target acquisition under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions. Typically, ESA radars operate at 13-20 dB, whereas the new estimator is shown to be effective even at 4 dB SNR (in a resolution cell, at the end of the signal processing chain) for a Swerling III fluctuating target, which represents a significant counter-stealth capability. That is, this algorithm acts as an effective “power multiplier” for the radar by about an order of magnitude. An approximate Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB), quantifying the attainable estimation accuracies and shown to be met by the proposed estimator, is derived as well