基于轨迹聚类的民用飞机线束综合设计方法

针对目前民用飞机EWIS线束综合设计时存在因信号数量大、路径复杂所导致的工作难度高、设计效率低等问题，设计了一种基于轨迹聚类的线束综合设计方法。根据布线网络上敷设的信号路径，以网络节点所构成的轨迹段形式构建信号路径轨迹，并通过改进的LCSS算法衡量信号轨迹间的相似性，使用基于密度的DBSCAN聚类算法将信号划分到不同的线束组件。结合某机型机上数据与现有线束信息比较，并使用建模软件分析对比实验结果，验证了该方法的可行性。     

模化设计对离心压气机气动噪声的影响

采用数值计算方法研究了模化设计对压气机气动噪声的影响，三维流场计算结果表明模化设计压气机与原始机型满足相似准则，整级性能参数误差在2%以内；流场结构的分析进一步证实了模化机型与原始机型流场相似。基于非定常雷诺平均方法和声学边界元方法的混合气动声学方法对模化前后的压气机气动噪声进行了数值预测，结果表明:压气机气动噪声主要由离散单音噪声和宽频噪声组成，且离散单音噪声占主导。模化机型总声压级随着模化比减小逐渐减小，相比于原始机型，模化机型离散单音噪声峰值仅略有降低，而宽频噪声大幅提高。压气机气动噪声在进气管口有明显指向性，模化机型声压幅值和指向性较原始机型降低，且变化趋势与模化比成正比。      

一种适用于进近尾流间隔缩减的机型聚类方法

目前,我国广泛使用的尾流间隔标准过于保守,导致机场跑道容量受限。以进近航空器的尾流遭遇问题为研究对象,首先研究进近尾流安全间隔缩减方法,获取缩减后的临界尾流间隔;然后基于主成分分析法（PCA）对 BADA 数据库中的航空器性能数据降维,提出一种适用于进近尾流间隔缩减的机型层次聚类方法;最后采用该方法得到新的机型分类结果并构建缩减后的尾流安全间隔标准。结果表明：本文所使用的机型层次聚类方法与国内外航空器分类方法具有较好的一致性,在长沙黄花国际机场的主流配对机型间,所获取的进近航空器尾流间隔标准与传统尾流间隔标准相比可以缩减 0.8 km 以上。     

波音飞机铆钉OVER-DRIVING研究

介绍了铆钉在飞机制造及维修行业中的使用及典型铆接安装方式要求,分析了波音飞机铆钉铆接成型后对铆钉本身及飞机结构产生的影响,以及其他机型在对铆接要求上的差异。     

基于多机型的民机可靠性维修性相似分配方法研究

通过对传统可靠性和维修性相似分配方法的研究，得出其存在的不足，并提出一种基于多相似机型的可靠性、维修性相似分配法。运用模糊距离的方法计算出相似机型的相似度，作为分配的权重系数，从而综合了多机型特征，增强了类似机型数据的广泛性、代表性和合理性。     

民用飞机后机身与垂尾连接结构研究

民用飞机后机身与垂尾的连接,担负着将垂尾的载荷传递到机身上的重任,是民用飞机设计中的一个关键连接。该连接方案的选择,需要综合考虑传力路径、工艺性、损伤容限、维修性、重量、成本等多方面因素。对成熟机型和在研机型的对接方案进行了分析,总结出了三种主要连接方案,通过对比给出了不同方案的优缺点,能够为我国民用飞机后机身与垂尾的连接设计提供参考和借鉴。     

低空突防路径规划方法综述

分析了低空突防路径规划应满足的条件和特点，阐述了目前国内外正在应用和研究的几种路径规划方法；最速下降法，动态规划法，专家系统法和遗传算法等的研究现状和发展方向，最后对飞行器低空突防路径规划技术进行了简要的总结。     

A320飞机五边进近的安全策略分析

A320系列机型已占据中国民用航空飞机半壁江山，且有不断扩大市场份额的趋势，近年来在该机型进近和着落时所发生的不安全事件也呈逐渐上升的态势。本文对该机型的电传操纵特点进行了分析，并对中国民航去年发生在A320系列机型上的不安全事件加以具体分析，就其安全运行策略提出建议和处置方法。     

复合材料球面框的全尺寸适航验证试验方法

建立了一套民用飞机复合材料球面框全尺寸级试验的适航验证试验方法。根据国际先进机型的全尺寸适航验证试验方法,结合型号工作中的实践经验和适航规章的具体要求,对符合性验证试验的具体实施流程进行了规划。通过研发试验证实了本文方法的可行性。     

基于类桥CA体系结构的证书路径构造方法

分析已有证书路径构造方案,借鉴桥CA体系结构的构建思想,参考电话系统分区模式,提出了类桥CA体系结构.针对类桥CA体系结构特点,在证书路径构造中引入关系矩阵和证书路径库技术,使得构造的部分证书路径能够得到重用,优化现有证书路径构造策略.该方法具有可扩展性,能够很好的适应PKI体系发展的要求.     

FMS巡航阶段的垂直轨迹预测算法及应用

飞机的飞行过程涉及多个垂直飞行阶段,巡航阶段占了绝大部分的飞行时间、飞行距离及燃油消耗,研究飞行管理系统（FMS）巡航阶段的垂直轨迹预测算法,对于提升飞行的经济性、舒适性、安全性是非常重要和必要的。为了满足不同类型飞机之间巡航阶段垂直轨迹预测算法的通用性,提高垂直轨迹预测的精确度和可信度,提出一种适用于巡航阶段的垂直轨迹预测算法。首先,通过计算巡航阶段的速度剖面,构建预测过程中更加符合实际的大气模型;然后基于第一性原理（第一法则）的飞机模型计算所需的巡航燃油流量数据,通过设计的巡航阶段垂直轨迹预测算法逻辑,给出巡航阶段预测的垂直轨迹;最后通过地面仿真试验和空中试飞验证算法的有效性与准确性。结果表明：本文提出的基于第一性原理飞机模型的FMS 巡航阶段垂直轨迹预测算法能够预测飞机的巡航轨迹,且预测精度误差低于1%。     

Software intensive systems safety analysis

Two important elements in the avionics suite of modern aircraft are: the flight control system (FCS) and the flight management system (FMS). The FCS provides the capability to stabilize and control the aircraft, while the FMS is responsible for flight planning and navigation. A clear trend in the aerospace industry is to place greater reliance on software systems, and many FCS and FMS subsystems are implemented primarily in software. For example, within the FCS is the flight guidance system (FGS) that generates roll and pitch guidance commands. Similarly, within the FMS is the vertical navigation (VNAV) function that acts like a third crew member in the cockpit, ordering mode change requests and resetting target altitude values to enable the aircraft to track the vertical flight plan. We have developed formal, executable models of the requirements for the mode logic of a FGS and for portions of the VNAV functionality. We have also conducted a comprehensive software safety analysis on the FGS mode logic model, and are completing the analysis of the VNAV model. This analysis uses as its starting point several "traditional" safety analysis techniques such as a functional hazard assessment (FHA), a fault tree analysis (FTA), and a failure mode effects analysis (FMEA). However, we are also using formal methods techniques known as model checking and theorem proving to verify the presence of safety properties in the model. This paper summarizes the (now completed) safety analysis that was performed on the FGS model, and highlights the similarities and differences with the (still on-going) safety analysis of the FMS model. In particular, we summarize progress made to date in the use of formal methods to verify the presence of the required safety properties in the models themselves.     

大型民用运输机噪声航迹及其仿真研究

噪声是民机型号适航合格取证的一项重要指标,噪声航迹是噪声合格审定的重要环节。本文讨论大型客机噪声合格审定基准噪声航迹及其计算。首先明确当前噪声航迹的定义,接着提出一种满足当前适航条例的民用运输机噪声航迹计算模型,最后给出算例分析,并指出未来研究的方向。     

New reference trajectory optimization algorithm for a flight management system inspired in beam search

With the objective of reducing the flight cost and the amount of polluting emissions released in the atmosphere, a new optimization algorithm considering the climb, cruise and descent phases is presented for the reference vertical flight trajectory. The selection of the reference vertical navigation speeds and altitudes was solved as a discrete combinatory problem by means of a graphtree passing through nodes using the beam search optimization technique. To achieve a compromise between the execution time and the algorithm's ability to find the global optimal solution, a heuristic methodology introducing a parameter called ‘‘optimism coefficient was used in order to estimate the trajectory's flight cost at every node. The optimal trajectory cost obtained with the developed algorithm was compared with the cost of the optimal trajectory provided by a commercial flight management system(FMS). The global optimal solution was validated against an exhaustive search algorithm(ESA), other than the proposed algorithm. The developed algorithm takes into account weather effects, step climbs during cruise and air traffic management constraints such as constant altitude segments, constant cruise Mach, and a pre-defined reference lateral navigation route. The aircraft fuel burn was computed using a numerical performance model which was created and validated using flight test experimental data.     

飞行轨迹稳定性应用的分析

首先根据飞行轨迹稳定性的数学模型，得出了飞机在闭环条件下扰动过程速度的变化规律及飞行轨迹稳定性的应用条件，并且结合不同类型的飞机进行了对比分析。然后以推力曲线为基础分析了不同类型飞机的临速度范围，并根据飞机级曲线对飞行轨迹稳定性界状态与有利速度的关系进行了分析。     

Flight trajectory optimization of sun-tracking solar aircraft under the constraint of mission region

The optimal yawing angle of sun-tracking solar aircraft is tightly related to the solar azimuth angle, which results in a large arc flight path to dynamically track the sun position. However, the limited detection range of payload usually requires solar aircraft to loiter over areas of interest for persistent surveillance missions. The large arc sun-tracking flight may cause the target area on the ground to be outside the maximum coverage area of payload. The present study therefore develops an optimal flight control approach for planning the flight path of sun-tracking solar aircraft within a mission region. The proposed method enables sun-tracking solar aircraft to maintain the optimal yawing angle most of the time during daylight flight, except when the aircraft reverses its direction by turning flight. For a circular region with a mission radius of 50 km, the optimal flight trajectory and controls of an example Λ-shaped sun-tracking solar aircraft are investigated theoretically. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach to optimize the flight path of the sun-tracking aircraft under the given circular region while maximizing the battery input power. Furthermore, the effects of varying the mission radius on energy performance are explored numerically. It has been proved that both net energy and energy balance remain nearly constant as the radius constraint varies, which enables the solar aircraft to achieve perpetual flight at almost the same latitude as the large arc flight. The method and results presented in this paper can provide reference for the persistent operation of sun-tracking solar aircraft within specific mission areas.     

多旋翼飞行器涡环状态数值模拟

旋翼类飞行器在进入涡环状态时极易发生安全事故。采用基于非结构网格的滑移网格技术对多旋翼飞行器的气动特性进行了数值模拟,并进行了试验验证。分别模拟了多旋翼飞行器垂直下降状态和30°斜向下下降状态时的流场,得到该状态下多旋翼飞行器的气动特性和滑流区流场规律,并分析了力与功率的变化规律。研究发现:多旋翼飞行器在垂直下降状态和30°斜向下状态均会进入涡环状态,在垂直下降速度为4 m/s时,多旋翼飞行器已经处于涡环状态,旋翼的拉力损失会达到15%,旋翼功率随下降速度的增大先增大后减小,且不同旋翼拉力大小和功率大小不一致。当30°斜下降速度为4~6 m/s时,多旋翼飞行器处于涡环状态。该结论可为多旋翼无人机的安全飞行提供参考。     

基于四维导引的飞机纵向飞行剖面的解算与综合

定常Mach/CAS型下降是一种符合驾驶员实际操纵特性的剖面下降方法,可方便地用于对进入终端空域的飞机进行四维导引和控制。本文研究了这种四维飞行剖面的计算与综合技术,分析了剖面的构成与结构特点;讨论了剖面解算的数值积分算法和简化代数算法;对飞行速度剖面,提出了双参数描述法来扩大对飞行时间的调整范围,并开发了相应的迭代算法;最后以波音707飞机为对象,进行了数字仿真计算,得到了满意的结果。     

基于Cardinals三次样条曲线的航迹生成算法实现

根据军用飞机飞行参数记录系统提供的飞行数据, 提出了一种利用Cardinals三次样条曲线进行航迹生成的算法。经过对离散点航迹误差修正及样条曲线的讨论, 给出了实时计算任意时间点飞机质心位置的公式, 为开发可在普通PC机上运行的军用战机飞行过程再现软件, 提供了条件。     

Optimal flight management system utilization with ATC automation

The requirements and design philosophy for developing ground-based automation planning and control advisory concepts to best serve aircraft with flight management systems (FMS) are defined. Analytical results are presented that are based on the comparison of operational data with the user-preferred trajectories to identify flying-time variabilities in various segments of arriving flights. En route descents, terminal maneuvering areas, and the final approaches are considered to determine the impact of aircraft and environmental factors on flying times essential for traffic planning. Simple time-estimation algorithms based on FMS-defined speed schedules and prevailing winds are presented for estimating flying times during en route descents. Automation, planning and control concepts are developed that utilize flexible route structures and a speed-control strategy to permit the aircraft maximum use of FMS and onboard avionics in all operating conditions