基于调制域增强副载波剥离的 GPS M码授权码流提取方法

针对 GPS M码授权码流获取问题,提出 1种新的基于调制域增强副载波剥离的方法。该方法利用 GPS C/A码和 M码码片起始位的相关性,在调制域上利用 BOC调制短码信息对 GPS M码信号进行累加增强,获取授权码流。首先,利用公开的 GPS C/A码辅助获取 GPS信号载波相位和 C/A码码相位;然后,分别利用获得的 GPS信号载波相位和 C/A码码相位,完成 GPS C/A码与交调量的剥离以及 M码授权码的初始相位对准;进一步,利用 BOC调制短码信息在调制域上实现累加增强,完成副载波剥离,获得 GPS M码授权码流;最后,利用实际采集信号对所提方法有效性进行了验证,并与现有方法进行了对比。结果表明,所提方法能够克服带宽内 P(Y)信号旁瓣能量对 M码授权码提 取的影响,可带来 3.5 dB左右的性能改善。     

面向空间导航系统设计的GPS量测仿真增强研究(英文)

在星载导航系统的初步方案规划和算法设计阶段,出于对潜在的折中考虑,高保真的GPS软件仿真器是一种必要且可行的实验室测试手段。本文研究开发了面向空间导航系统设计的GPS量测软件仿真器,它主要针对L1C/A码和载波信号,也就是说该仿真器使用MATLAB编程语言产生C/A码伪距量测和载波量测。论文推导了基于地心惯性坐标系(ECI)的数学模型,用来仿真GPS星座并产生GPS量测数据;在星历数据选择、空间电离层模型和伪距率计算等方面,深入研究并应用一系列增效措施以合理化实现该仿真器。建立的增强型GPS量测仿真器推进了我们现有的星载GPS/INS组合导航系统设计工作,将进一步提升在星载导航系统设计领域的研究。     

NovAtel通信公司GPS接收机——未来的高性能OEM接收机板

本文介绍一种10通道NovAtel GPS单板接收机。这种接收机是一种价格低廉高性能的GPS接收机扳,它具有支持所有OEM应用的特性和能力。位于Calgary的NovAtel是一家蜂窝系统和用户设备制造厂,已被立研制了一种全新的GPS接收机。接收机每一级主要部件的设计部采用了先进技术,包括天线、射频下变频器、低噪声放大器、ASIC信号处理器、CPU和可用软件配置的接口。这种接收机有十个专用通道,可进行精密的C/A码和L_1载波相位跟踪。本文叙述了已获专利的采用宽带多比特采样方法(能满足P码精度)的C/A码跟踪方案。NovAtel的GPS接收机板既能输出原始数据又能输出最终位置数据,其输出速率能满足最高要求的应用。     

A340在中国进行DGPS表演

这架A340客机于今年3月底分别在北京、上海和广州进行了差分GPS(DGPS)表演,这是自去年10月在法国图卢兹试飞这种技术以来,首次     

利用GPS进行近地轨道确定和会合导航

本文介绍了GPS用于近地轨道确定和会合导航的性能研究结果。目前为陆地、海上和空中导航开发的一些技术正在扩展到空间环境。对两个近地航天器上的GPS接收机系统的实际工作情况进行了仿真研究,以此评价了GPS系统的相对和绝对导航精度。为该性能仿真研究提供一个逼真的基础,拟制了一些动力学和环境模型。仿真研究获得了两项重要结论:1)轨道上用一台GPS差分基准接收机给其附近另一些GPS接收机提供信息,可以将这些接收机的绝对定位精度提高到基准站所能达到的精度。2)从同4颗GPS卫星测得测量值的两台同型号接收机,其相对定位精度(1σ)每轴向可以达到1.8m(P码)和20m(C/A码)。相对速度误差每轴小于0.04m/s。当接收机拉开相当距离时,差分GPS和相对导航技术的精度下降不明显。     

惯导速度辅助下GPS接收机码环的噪声响应和动态跟踪性能分析

 本文推导了C/A码信号相干和非相干接收的GPS接收机码环的动力学方程,分析了码环的噪声响应和动态跟踪性能对码环带宽的矛盾要求,并提出了解决矛盾的方法:惯导速度辅助。分析结果表明:窄带宽码环经精度为1nmile/h的惯导系统速度辅助后,动态跟踪误差为无辅助时的1/1000,接收机将兼有抗强干扰和跟踪高动态的性能。     

先进转发处理系统的试验结果

在商业小革新研究奖金的支持下,研制了一种先进的转发处理系统(ATPS)。这是一种低成本跟踪转发GPS信号的方法。它与目前正在ERLS(大气层外再入体拦截器系统)试验计划中使用的弹道导弹转发器(BMT)后向兼容。NAVSYS公司还研制了一种BMT兼容转发器,正按此计划进行测试。该ATPS的关键部件是前置放大器/下变频器(P/DC)模块。该模块由NAVSYS公司研制,用来调节接收到的转发信号,以便用常规C/A码接收机进行跟踪。该P/DC由装在IBM PC机内的高速数字信号处理卡控制,该PC机还为操作人员提供接口并完成数据采集与分析。目前正在用XR3-PC/A码接收机跟踪转发的GPS信号。然而,本ATPS的设计方案与多种GPS接收机相兼容。按照RAYPO(靶场应用计划联合办公室)弹道导弹和转发处理系统指标对ATPS和NAVSYS公司转发器作了测试。本文报导了这些测试结果,验证了在不同工作条件下转发器和ATPS的性能。     

遗传算法在微弱GPS信号捕获方法中的应用

 研究了微弱GPS信号的捕获问题，以捕获时较低的虚警概率和较高的检测概率为目标，以累加时的粗捕获(C/A)码周期数和导航数据数，以及捕获门限等参数为决策变量，应用遗传算法(GA)来解决这一多目标优化问题。仿真结果表明，该方法能够有效地解决所提出的问题，所得解能够优化捕获时欲选取的参数，从而提高捕获性能。     

广域差分GPS(WADGPS):未来的导航系统

一般差分GPS(DGPS)在距基准站100公里的范围内,定位精度通常为1—3m,广域差分GPS(WADGGPS)在更广阔的区域内可以获得和DGPS一样的精度,但是可以减少基准站的数量并且大大提高系统的稳妥性。利用WADGPS的试验结果表明,使用6个监视站,最短基线长1632公里的情况下,龄期为10—20s的双频用户,定位精度可达到1.5—4m。     

GPS计划增加新的保安措施

克林顿政府最近计划在10年内停止降低GPS的精度,以便有时间来研制替代的方法来限制敌方军队利用GPS。消除GPS“粗/捕获”(C/A)信号的选择可用性(SA)误差是美国研究委员会(NRC)去年春天强烈建议的。由NRC一个专家组编写的这份报告呼吁支持GPS的未来研究,还建议用具体的替代技术来防止敌方使用GPS。报告还提出了对非军方用户的GPS增强方案。     

On precision of GPS C/A code

The accuracy of clear acquisition (C/A) code for civilian users of the Global Positioning System, in comparison with precise (P) code, is discussed. Different design techniques for GPS receivers are presented. The 1-ms range ambiguity of C/A code is discussed, and a solution is given. Intentional degradation of GPS signals and denial of accuracy is discussed, and some predictions are presented. The issue of government support and protection of domestic GPS industry against possible unfair international competition is briefly discussed     

Forward error correction for radiobeacon broadcast of differentialGPS data

Marine radiobeacon networks are being used to broadcast differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) corrections to marine users. The correction data digitally modulate signals from some of the existing marine radiobeacons, which operate in the 285 to 325 kHz band, creating DGPS/radiobeacons. The corrections improve the accuracy of the GPS fix from 100 m to 5-10 m, and provide position fixing service for many marine applications which are too demanding for the normal GPS service. Forward error correction can be used to improve the reliability or range of the DGPS/radiobeacon signal. The improvements made possible by channel coding are analyzed, and a code for DGPS/radiobeacons is recommended     

Attitude determination with GPS: experimental results

An approach to global positioning system (GPS) attitude determination and the results of an experimental evaluation are presented. The most outstanding features of the method are the fundamental observable used for attitude calculation, the triple difference, and the introduction of a new parameter, the differential dilution of precision (DDOP), which relates the GPS satellite geometry to the GPS accuracy when measuring angular magnitudes. The experiment used two commercial off-the-shelf GPS C/A code receivers delivering integrated Doppler measurements. The algorithm is robust with respect to phase cycle slips and does not require solving the usual integer ambiguity of the measurements. The preliminary results show that absolute attitude determination requires a calibration of the baseline and that the relative attitude accuracy is on the order of 0.1° or 2 mrads for the case of a 2-m-long baseline     

Relative navigation for multi-spacecraft system with GPS

A type of multi-spacecraft system with kinematical restraint but no structural restraint and force action is considered. Both the absolute and relative navigation information is required for this multi-spacecraft system, but the relative information is more critical and the accuracy requirements for relative information will be much higher than those for the absolute information. In this paper, the Global Positioning System (GPS)/Differential GPS (DGPS) are introduced and used for relative navigation. Relative motion of space vehicles is modeled. Relative position, relative velocity and relative attitude are represented and solved by GPS/DGPS measurements. Using a type of commercial GPS receiver onboard spacecraft and relative differential GPS technique, the relative navigation of space vehicles can be implemented in real-time     

GPS code and carrier multipath mitigation using a multiantennasystem

Multipath is a major source of error in high precision Global Positioning System (GPS) static and kinematic differential positioning. Multipath accounts for most of the total error budget in carrier phase measurements in a spacecraft attitude determination system. It is a major concern in reference stations, such as in Local Area Augmentation Systems (LAAS), whereby corrections generated by a reference station, which are based on multipath corrupted measurements, can significantly influence the position accuracy of differential users. Code range, carrier phase, and signal-to-noise (SNR) measurements are all affected by multipath, and the effect is spatially correlated within a small area. In order to estimate and remove code and carrier phase multipath, a system comprising a cluster of five GPS receivers and antennas is used at a reference station location. The spatial correlation of the receiver data, and the known geometry among the antennas, are exploited to estimate multipath for each satellite in each antenna in the system. Generic receiver code and carrier tracking loop discriminator functions are analyzed, and relationships between receiver data, such as code range, carrier phase, and SNR measurements, are formulated and related to various multipath parameters. A Kalman filter is described which uses a combination of the available information from the antennas (receivers) in the multiantenna cluster to estimate various multipath parameters. From the multipath parameters, the code range and carrier phase multipath is estimated and compensated. The technique is first tested on simulated data in a controlled multipath environment. Results are then presented using field data and show a significant reduction in multipath error     

Subspace array processing for the suppression of FM jamming in GPS receivers

The mitigation of FM interference in GPS receivers is considered. In difference to commonly assumed wideband and narrowband interferers, the FM interferers are wideband, but instantaneously narrowband, and as such, have clear time-frequency (TF) signatures that are distinct from the GPS coarse acquisition (C/A) spread spectrum code. In the proposed technique, the estimate of the FM interference instantaneous frequency (IF) and the interference spatial signature are used to construct the spatiotemporal interference subspace. The IF estimates can be provided using existing effective linear or bilinear TF methods. The undesired signal arrival is suppressed by projecting the input data on the interference orthogonal subspace. With a multisensor receiver, the distinctions in both the spatial and TF signatures of signal arrivals allow effective interference suppressions. The deterministic nature of the signal model is considered and the known underlying structure of the GPS C/A code is utilized. We derive the receiver signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) under exact and perturbed IF values. The effect of IF estimation errors on both pseudorange measurements and navigation data recovery is analyzed. Simulation results comparing the receiver performances under IF errors in single and multiantenna GPS receivers are provided.     

GPS Aided Inertial Navigation

The Global Positioning System is an extremely accurate satellite-based navigation system which, after its completion in 1989, will provide users worldwide, 24 hour. all weather coverage. A joint research project among Boeing, Rockwell-Collins, and Northrop has been completed in which a GPS receiver was integrated with a low-cost strap-down inertial navigation system and a flight computer. A Kalman filter in the latter allows in-fight alignment and calibration of the INS. In addition, feedback from the INS to the GPS receiver improves the system's ability to reacquire satellite signals after outages. The resulting system combines the accuracy of GPS with the jamming immunity and autonomy of inertial navigation. System tests were conducted in which a Boeing owned T-33 jet aircraft was flown through known test pattern to align and calibrate the INS. Earlier tests, including tests against an airborne jammer, were conducted in a modified passenger bus.