SE(3)上航天器姿轨耦合固定时间容错控制

针对相对运动航天器姿轨一体化控制问题,考虑执行器故障和控制输入饱和的影响,提出了一种基于滑模的模糊自适应固定时间容错控制方法。首先,在李群SE（3）的框架下建立并推导相对运动航天器姿轨一体化误差动力学模型;其次,引入执行器故障和控制输入饱和的问题,采用双幂次快速终端滑模面,并结合模糊自适应方法设计了固定时间稳定的容错控制器,可以实现执行器故障情况下相对运动航天器的高精度快速跟踪控制;然后,运用Lyapunov方法证明了系统的稳定性,该控制器不仅能不依赖于系统的初始状态实现滑模趋近和到达阶段的固定时间稳定性,而且由于采用模糊逼近方法结合自适应更新策略可以实时高精度地估计系统的总扰动信息,因此可以达到快速高精度的容错控制目标;最后,对所提出的的控制方法进行数值仿真分析,结果验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

挠性航天器的退步直接自适应姿态跟踪控制

针对参数不确定的挠性航天器姿态跟踪控制问题,提出了一种退步直接自适应控制算法。首先验证了挠性航天器动力学子系统的近似严格正实性,并设计了具有理想控制性能的参考模型;然后对以姿态四元数描述的运动学子系统设计常系数输出反馈中间控制律,使航天器姿态四元数输出渐近跟踪参考模型输出;最后退一步,对具有参数不确定特性的动力学子系统,基于非线性直接自适应控制理论和Lyapunov稳定性理论,设计了退步直接自适应姿态跟踪控制器,并证明了闭环系统的稳定性。仿真结果表明,所提控制方法能有效抑制挠性附件的振动,对挠性航天器的控制是有效的。     

High precision attitude dynamic tracking control of a moving space target

On-orbit spacecraft face many threats, such as collisions with debris or other spacecraft.Therefore, perception of the surrounding space environment is vitally important for on-orbit spacecraft.Spacecraft require a dynamic attitude tracking ability with high precision for such missions.This paper aims to address the above problem using an improved backstepping controller.The tracking mission is divided into two phases: coarse alignment and fine alignment.In the first phase,a traditional saturation controller is utilized to limit the maximum attitude angular velocity according to the actuator's ability.For the second phase, the proposed backstepping controller with different virtual control inputs is applied to track the moving target.To fulfill the high precision attitude tracking requirements, a hybrid attitude control actuator consisting of a Control Moment Gyro(CMG) and Reaction Wheel(RW) is constructed, which can simultaneously avoid the CMG singularity and RW saturation through the use of an angular momentum optimal management strategy, such as null motion.Finally, five simulation scenarios were carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy and hybrid actuator.     

Robust adaptive compensation control for unmanned autonomous helicopter with input saturation and actuator faults

This paper studies a robust adaptive compensation Fault Tolerant Control(FTC) for the medium-scale Unmanned Autonomous Helicopter(UAH) in the presence of external disturbances,actuator faults and input saturation.To improve the disturbance rejection capacity of the UAH system in actuator healthy case, an adaptive control method is adopted to cope with the external disturbances and a nominal controller is proposed to stabilize the system.Meanwhile, compensation control inputs are designed to reduce the negative effects derived from actuator faults and input saturation.Based on the backstepping control and inner-outer loop control technologies, a robust adaptive FTC scheme is developed to guarantee the tracking errors convergence.Under the presented FTC controller, the uniform ultimate boundedness of all closed-loop signals is ensured via Lyapunov stability analysis.Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.     

基于有向图的航天器编队飞行自适应姿态协同控制

在有向通信拓扑下研究了编队航天器自适应姿态协同控制问题。针对航天器编队飞行系统中存在外部扰动和模型不确定性的情况,通过选取包含相对姿态误差和绝对姿态误差的辅助变量,提出了一种鲁棒自适应控制策略。提出了自适应律估计转动惯量矩阵和扰动上界等未知参数,并且利用Lyapunov稳定性理论分析了闭环系统的渐近稳定性。与滑模控制等传统鲁棒控制不同,所设计的鲁棒自适应控制器是连续的,更便于航天器编队飞行系统的实现。最后通过仿真验证了该控制策略能够实现高精度的编队飞行跟踪控制。     

Event-triggered adaptive control for attitude tracking of spacecraft

Plug-and-play technology is an important direction for future development of spacecraft and how to design controllers with less communication burden and satisfactory performance is of great importance for plug-and-play spacecraft. Considering attitude tracking of such spacecraft with unknown inertial parameters and unknown disturbances, an event-triggered adaptive backstepping controller is designed in this paper. Particularly, a switching threshold strategy is employed to design the event-triggering mechanism. By introducing a new linear time-varying model, a smooth function, an integrable auxiliary signal and a bound estimation approach, the impacts of the network-induced error and the disturbances are effectively compensated for and Zeno phenomenon is successfully avoided. It is shown that all signals of the closed-loop system are globally uniformly bounded and both the attitude tracking error and the angular velocity tracking error converge to zero. Compared with conventional control schemes, the proposed scheme significantly reduces the communication burden while providing stable and accurate response for attitude maneuvers. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

航天器有限时间自适应姿态跟踪容错控制

非刚体航天器存在时变的惯量、执行器完全失效或衰退故障以及外界干扰的情况,提出一种有限时间自适应姿态跟踪容错控制方法。首先,基于有限时间理论和自适应方法,设计惯量不确定性自适应估计项和外界干扰参数自适应估计项进行系统补偿,克服惯量不确定性和抑制外界干扰;然后,基于容错控制和双幂次方法,设计一种自适应有限时间姿态跟踪容错控制算法,并且利用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明所提算法能够保证航天器姿态跟踪系统实际有限时间稳定;最后,对仿真结果进行验证。结果表明:所提有限时间姿态跟踪容错控制方法是有效的。     

Reconfigurable fault-tolerant control for supersonic missiles with actuator failures under actuation redundancy

Aircraft undergoing actuator failures into under-actuation have been seldom studied in literature. Aiming at addressing actuator failures of Total Loss of Effectiveness (TLOE) as well as Partial Loss of Effectiveness (PLOE) resulting in different system actuations, reconfigurable Fault-Tolerant Control (FTC) is proposed for supersonic wingless missiles under actuation redundancy. The under-actuated system of TLOE failure patterns is solved by transformation to cascade systems through a ‘shape variable’. Meanwhile, actuator TLOE faults of different unknown failure patterns from proper actuation to under-actuation are accommodated by a reconfigurable adaptive law on a multiple-model basis. The backstepping technique with the Extended State Observer (ESO) method adopted as a basic strategy is applied to an established symmetric coupled missile system with actuator PLOE faults, modeling errors, and external disturbances. Additionally, the nonlinear saturation characteristics of actuators are settled by an auxiliary system with the Nussbaum function technique. The stability of the control system is analyzed and proven through Lyapunov theory. Numerical simulations are implemented in the presences of aerodynamic uncertainties, gust disturbance, and actuator failures. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method with satisfactory tracking performance and actuator fault tolerance capacity.     

考虑输入饱和的固定翼无人机自适应增益滑模控制

针对复杂环境下的固定翼无人机飞行控制问题，考虑输入饱和以及复杂外界干扰的影响，提出一种基于自适应滑模控制方法的固定翼无人机飞行控制策略。首先，对固定翼无人机模型进行介绍，将模型分为姿态子系统和速度子系统；其次，针对姿态子系统和速度子系统的特点以及控制需求，分别采用自适应多变量螺旋滑模和自适应快速超螺旋滑模设计姿态控制器和速度控制器，该策略无需设计干扰观测器对外界干扰进行估计，仍然可以实现固定翼无人机对姿态参考指令和速度参考指令的有限时间精确跟踪，并基于Lyapunov的稳定性分析方法证明了闭环系统的稳定性。最后，对本文所提出的控制策略进行了仿真验证，结果表明该控制策略具有良好的控制性能。     

近空间可变翼飞行器小翼切换滑模反步控制

针对近空间可变翼飞行器在小翼切换过程中存在参数不确定性的问题,设计了滑模控制和反步法相结合的控制方法以保证飞行器的跟踪性能。首先研究了近空间可变翼飞行器的纵向运动模型,在此基础上设计了速度和高度的反步控制器,同时采用动态面控制方法消除微分膨胀问题,然后结合滑模控制以增强控制器的跟踪性能,最后基于Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了系统的稳定性。仿真结果表明,在参数不确定性时滑模反步控制器能保证系统的稳定性和跟踪性能。     

可重复使用飞行器的保性能姿态跟踪控制方法

针对可重复使用飞行器再入姿态跟踪控制问题,在考虑执行器饱和、气动参数摄动和外部扰动的情况下,提出了一种保性能姿态跟踪控制方案。通过构造预设性能函数,使姿态跟踪误差在预先设置的包络内演化,保证了系统的瞬态和稳态性能;其次,借助于高增益扩张状态观测器解决了气动参数摄动和外部扰动的问题;之后,基于反步控制框架,设计了一种低复杂度的输出反馈扰动补偿控制方法,保证跟踪误差的收敛性。与已有方法相比,所设计的方法不包含一些复杂的非线性动力学近似技术,如神经网络等,降低了参数调节的复杂性,且无需对虚拟控制律重复微分,避免了"微分爆炸"问题。同时,Lyapunov稳定性分析表明,该方法能够保证误差变量的预期收敛以及其他闭环系统信号的有界性。最后,通过对比仿真验证了所提方法的有效性及可行性。     

Robust attitude coordinated control for spacecraft formation with communication delays

In this paper,attitude coordinated tracking control algorithms for multiple spacecraft formation are investigated with consideration of parametric uncertainties,external disturbances,communication delays and actuator saturation.Initially,a sliding mode delay-dependent attitude coordinated controller is proposed under bounded external disturbances.However,neither inertia uncertainty nor actuator constraint has been taken into account.Then,a robust saturated delay dependent attitude coordinated control law is further derived,where uncertainties and external disturbances are handled by Chebyshev neural networks (CNN).In addition,command filter technique is introduced to facilitate the backstepping design procedure,through which actuator saturation problem is solved.Thus the spacecraft in the formation are able to track the reference attitude trajectory even in the presence of time-varying communication delays.Rigorous analysis is presented by using Lyapunov-Krasovskii approach to demonstrate the stability of the closed-loop system under both control algorithms.Finally,the numerical examples are carried out to illustrate the efficiency of the theoretical results.     

Constrained adaptive neural network control of an MIMO aeroelastic system with input nonlinearities

A constrained adaptive neural network control scheme is proposed for a multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) aeroelastic system in the presence of wind gust, system uncertainties, and input nonlinearities consisting of input saturation and dead-zone. In regard to the input nonlinear-ities, the right inverse function block of the dead-zone is added before the input nonlinearities, which simplifies the input nonlinearities into an equivalent input saturation. To deal with the equiv-alent input saturation, an auxiliary error system is designed to compensate for the impact of the input saturation. Meanwhile, uncertainties in pitch stiffness, plunge stiffness, and pitch damping are all considered, and radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) are applied to approximate the system uncertainties. In combination with the designed auxiliary error system and the backstep-ping control technique, a constrained adaptive neural network controller is designed, and it is pro-ven that all the signals in the closed-loop system are semi-globally uniformly bounded via the Lyapunov stability analysis method. Finally, extensive digital simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme towards flutter suppression in spite of the integrated effects of wind gust, system uncertainties, and input nonlinearities.     

航天器自适应快速非奇异终端滑模容错控制

针对存在外部干扰、转动惯量矩阵不确定、控制器饱和以及执行器故障的航天器姿态跟踪控制问题,提出了基于自适应快速非奇异终端滑模的有限时间收敛控制方案。通过引入能够避免奇异点的具有有限时间收敛特性的快速非奇异终端滑模面,设计了满足多约束的有限时间姿态跟踪容错控制器,并利用参数自适应方法使控制器设计不依赖于系统惯量信息和外部干扰的上界。此外,所设计的控制器显式考虑了执行器输出力矩的饱和幅值特性,使航天器在饱和幅值的限制下完成姿态跟踪控制任务,并且无须进行在线故障估计。Lyapunov稳定性分析表明：在外部干扰、转动惯量矩阵不确定、控制器饱和以及执行器故障等约束条件下,所设计的控制器能够保证闭环系统的快速收敛性,而且对控制器饱和与执行器故障具有良好的容错性能。数值仿真校验了该控制器在姿态跟踪控制中的优良性能。     

直连式三体绳系卫星姿态鲁棒最优跟踪控制

 针对存在参数不确定性以及外部有界干扰的直连式三体旋转绳系卫星系统姿态跟踪控制问题,提出了一种分布式鲁棒最优控制方法。该方法首先针对单体绳系卫星姿态模型,在不考虑参数不确定性和干扰的条件下,应用Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman方程设计了最优控制器;接着,考虑到实际系统存在参数不确定性和干扰,采用自适应与鲁棒误差积分方法在线学习参数不确定性和有界干扰,与最优控制器结合设计了鲁棒最优控制器,使闭环系统满足了性能指标达到最小的要求,并应用Lyapunov稳定性定理证明了其闭环系统的渐近稳定性。进一步考虑到绳系卫星系统的运动同步性,将单体绳系卫星姿态控制器设计扩展至直连式三体绳系卫星姿态系统,设计了分布式鲁棒最优控制器。最后在MATLAB/Simulink平台上进行了仿真,验证了方法的可行性与有效性,表明其具有潜在的应用前景。     

柔性航天器振动主动抑制及姿态控制

针对柔性航天器柔性附件振动主动抑制及姿态高精度快速稳定问题，研究了一种输入成形器（IS）-自适应有限时间干扰观测器（FDO）-有限时间积分滑模控制器综合的设计方法。首先，基于柔性模态的频率及阻尼信息，获得能够有效抑制柔性振动的输入成形器形式，并与系统参考输入进行卷积，得到期望参考输入；其次，基于航天器动力学模型，设计一种新型的自适应有限时间干扰观测器，避免了综合干扰上界必须已知的约束，且保证干扰估计误差有限时间收敛至零，实现对干扰及残余振动影响的快速精确估计；最后，基于观测器的估计值，设计多变量有限时间积分滑模控制器，保证对期望参考输入的高精度快速跟踪控制，并进行严格的稳定性证明。仿真结果表明，该综合设计策略能够保证柔性附件振动抑制75%，姿态稳定度达到10^-4数量级。     

考虑输入饱和的航天器相对运动鲁棒自适应控制

 研究了在输入饱和约束条件下的航天器相对运动的姿态和轨道一体化控制问题。首先,基于单位对偶四元数给出了航天器6自由度相对运动的数学模型,利用误差对偶四元数来描述航天器的相对姿态和相对位置。接着,针对输入饱和问题,提出了一种对航天器模型参数不确定性和外部有界干扰具有较强鲁棒性的自适应控制器,并通过李雅普诺夫方法从理论上严格证明了整个闭环系统的全局渐近稳定性。最后,通过数值仿真来验证设计方法的有效性和可行性,并且与其他方法进行了比较,结果表明设计的方法能够抑制输入饱和的问题,在性能上具有更快的收敛速度和更强的鲁棒性。     

Attitude Control Considering Variable Input Saturation Limit for a Spacecraft Equipped with Flywheels

A new attitude controller is proposed for spacecraft whose actuator has variable input saturation limit. There are three identical flywheels orthogonally mounted on board. Each rotor is driven by a brushless DC motor (BLDCM). Models of spacecraft attitude dynamics and flywheel rotor driving motor electromechanics are discussed in detail. The controller design is similar to saturation limit linear assignment. An auxiliary parameter and a boundary coefficient are imported into the controller to guarantee system stability and improve control performance. A time-varying and state-dependent flywheel output torque saturation limit model is established. Stability of the closed-loop control system and asymptotic convergence of system states are proved via Lyapunov methods and LaSalle invariance principle. Boundedness of the auxiliary parameter ensures that the control objective can be achieved, while the boundary parameter’s value makes a balance between system control performance and flywheel utilization efficiency. Compared with existing controllers, the newly developed controller with variable torque saturation limit can bring smoother control and faster system response. Numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the controller.     

Adaptive Spacecraft Attitude Tracking Controller Design Based on Similar Skew-symmetric Structure

This article presents an adaptive attitude tracking controller with external disturbances and unknown inertia parameters. The similar skew-symmetric structure is extended from the autonomous case to the non-autonomous case. The non-autonomous similar skew-symmetric is chosen as the desired structure of the closed loop system for attitude controller design. Based on this structure, a novel adaptive backstepping scheme is proposed to design the attitude controller by taking full advantage of the symmetry and the positive definiteness of the inertia matrix. The attitude tracking precision is enhanced by employing the linear parameterized form of the external disturbance torques. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed attitude controller.     

质量矩导弹构型及自适应控制律设计

 质量矩导弹姿态运动模型含有活动质量块的位置、速度和加速度项,是典型的带有输入非线性的快时变多体系统。从构型和控制律设计两方面入手研究该类导弹跟踪控制问题。通过对姿态动力学模型的深入分析,获得了一种使系统具备良好动态品质的构型。以此为基础,建立了仿射型姿态运动模型,利用退步方法设计了控制律;考虑到系统中存在气动参数、外界扰动和执行机构动态特性等不确定因素,设计了鲁棒自适应补偿项;最后进行数学仿真,通过与标准退步控制律进行比较,验证了该控制律的有效性。