河南省超硬材料产业升级研究

目前,河南省已成为我国最大的超硬材料生产省份.然而从全球范围来看,河南省超硬材料产业在全球价值链中尚处于中低端位置,产业升级压力巨大.文章运用全球价值链相关理论,对河南省超硬材料产业升级的进程及面临的升级压力进行深入的分析,并找出当前超硬材料产业升级面临的主要问题,在此基础上,提出河南省超硬材料产业的升级路径.     

中国航空制造业供应链发展态势及稳定策略

当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局，全球化供应链体系呈现多元化新格局，我国也在重新思考自身供应链布局策略。作为国家战略型产业，航空制造业产业链供应链的稳定发展在促使我国全产业迈向价值链中高端、提升我国全球化竞争力等方面发挥着举足轻重的作用。从全球航空制造业供应链发展变化趋势出发，分析全球乱局下我国航空制造业产业链、供应链、价值链“三链”现状及发展态势，并提出我国在航空制造业供应链转型升级中应实施的三类策略。     

中原经济区承接产业转移研究——基于国家价值链的视角

当前,我国产业发展战略由过度嵌入全球价值链转变为注重构建国家价值链.在国家价值链的构建中,东部沿海地区向中原经济区的产业转移是一个非常突出的现象,在助推中原经济区建设的起步和加速过程中,起到了极为关键的作用.采取SWOT战略矩阵分析了中原经济区在承接产业转移中的优势与劣势,进而分析了此次产业转移存在的问题并提出了一些针对性的建议.     

武汉光谷光电子产业集群的升级对策——基于FDI的视角

武汉光谷作为国家级光电子产业基地,聚集了一批有自主创新能力的光电子企业,具有较强的竞争实力。但其发展还存在两方面的缺陷：一是缺乏完整的产业价值链分工体系。二是缺乏必要的协调机制,如产品供求的连接机制、协作研究开发机制、战略联盟,等等。FDI的作用能使光谷的中小型企业直接参与全球价值链的专业化分工,有利于形成完整的光电子产业链。大型跨国企业的管理经验和技术外溢也有利于实现集群内的合作和协同发展,以及实现高端技术人才与管理人才的本地化。武汉光谷在引入FDI进行产业升级的过程中,应从以下几方面着手：第一,优化投资环境,加强基础设施和政策建设。第二,注意引入大型跨国企业特别是世界500强企业。第三,采用并购、合资等多种方式引入具有光电子产业背景的FDI。第四,在引入FDI的同时,大力发展本地企业,利用FDI的技术溢出和管理经验溢出,为产业集群的不断升级提供内在动力支持。     

航空公司价值链比较研究

竞争者价值链之间的差异是竞争优势的重要来源,通过对比英国航空公司和网络航空公司易捷两个战略定位完全不同的航空公司的价值链,探讨不同经营模式的航空公司如何通过价值链来发掘和保持竞争优势.     

任占勇可靠性技术专家

(～):请您谈谈我国航空装备智能制造综合标准化建设的思路和进展,航空装备作为典型的复杂高端装备,在智能制造综合标准化领域发挥了怎样的作用? 任占勇:2016年1月,中国航空工业集团公司正式发布了《中国航空工业集团公司智能制造架构(V1.0)》和《中国航空工业集团公司智能制造推进计划》,为支撑集团公司智能制造建设,航空装备智能制造标准化应围绕中航工业智能制造架构,从产品由概念到报废的生命周期集成、企业从全球供应链到生产过程管理的价值链集成以及数字化车间智能装备与资源互联集成3方面开展标准化工作.目前,中国航空工业集团公司建设有信息化标准体系,主要是从产品生命周期方面开展信息化标准工作,“十三五”期间,集团信息化标准体系也将进行升级,以满足智能制造带来的新需求.     

基于价值链的航空装备全寿命维修信息共享体系构建分析

航空装备全寿命维修信息共享体系的构建,涉及多方面要素,是一项复杂的体系工程.价值链管理思想具备处理资金流、物流和信息流的自组织和自适应能力.在建立航空装备全寿命维修信息共享体系价值链模型的基础上,提出增值管理模型,并进行应用价值分析.结果表明:基于价值链理论构建航空装备全寿命维修信息共享体系,能有效提高经济效益和军事效益.     

更安全的维修管理

在过去的15年,人们在航空安全方面所作出的努力主要集中在飞机和系统的升级,改善驾驶员的操作和情境意识.这种努力已见成效.自1990年以来,全球致命性的航空安全事故率减少了一半.     

美国军费急剧攀升全球战略再次升级

瑞典斯德哥尔摩国际和平研究所6月7日出版的最新一期《SIPRI年鉴》中给出的数据显示,美国2004年的军费开支达到4550亿美元,占全球军费总开支的47%,超过列在其后的32个国家军费开支的总和。美国军费急剧攀升是美国政府积极推行“全球打击战略(方案)”,确保“美国利益不受威胁”理念不断升级的必然结果。     

基于价值链重构的竞争优势分析

竞争是市场经济条件下永恒的主题,企业采用何种方式获取竞争优势是广大学者和企业家感兴趣的重要课题.通过分析传统价值链思维方式的缺陷,提出了通过重构价值链以获取竞争优势的思路.     

差值法与比值法的误差修正效果比较研究及应用

差值法与比值法对不同测量系统的误差修正效果不一样。本文将两种方法的比较用一个比值来描述,并用推得的公式进行量化表示。在进一步的应用研究中,理论分析与实验数据相互印证,同时得到许多有益的结论,有助于全面掌握测量系统的误差来源,从而灵活选择各种修正方法以获得更加准确的测量结果。     

吸尘器振动与噪声试验分析

针对某型号吸尘器噪音和振动大的问题进行试验研究,用声强法对吸尘器的噪音进行测量分析,同时对吸尘器的振动进行了测量并对振动信号用DASP软件进行了频谱分析,识别了吸尘器的主要振动源和噪声源.在试验分析的基础上,提出了一些改善其振动和噪音性能的措施.     

带襟翼三维机翼上的分离流、襟翼槽与剪切口流动

本文运用嵌套网格方法严格考虑机翼切口和襟翼端面几何形状生成了合理的计算网格,并应用雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程和Johnson-King湍流模型计算了带双襟翼三维机翼的粘性绕流,特别是大迎角下机翼襟翼上的分离流、襟翼槽与剪切口流动.计算实践表明,用该方法可以很好地预计最大升力.     

Physical and chemical characteristics of the ISM inside and outside the heliosphere

This paper summarizes some of the discussions of working group 8–9 during the ISSI Conference on The Heliosphere in the Local Interstellar Medium. Because the subject of these working groups has become significantly broader during the last ten years, we have selected three topics for which recent observations have modified and improved our knowledge of the heliosphere and the surrounding interstellar medium. These topics are the number densities and ISM ionization states of hydrogen and helium, the newly discovered hot gas from the H wall seen in absorption, and the comparison between ISM and heliospheric minor element abundances. Papers from this volume in which more details on these topics can be found are quoted throughout the report.     

Aging avionics: the problems and the challenges

Aging avionics have become a problem because aircraft are being kept in service far longer than the original plan. This paper discusses the four key problems of aging avionics: (1) determining the systems that are the high cost drivers in order to select those that should receive priority; (2) determining the requirements for the replacement; (3) identifying alternative technologies that will satisfy the requirements and are affordable; and (4) determining the funding required and acquiring the funding needed to replace the aging avionics. Challenges encountered in solving these problems include management and technical. The problem of aging avionics is not limited to a single aircraft, but occurs across all aircraft. Cost-effective modernization requires cutting horizontally across all aging aircraft, and coordination with the end users and the existing management structure. A key technical challenge is to select an architecture that is upgradeable since the funding limitations may ensure parts will become obsolete prior to the completion of a drawn-out production.     

Conductance of the channels and the knudsen paradox

In this paper, a physical model of gas flows through the channels is refined. The influence of gas absorbed by the walls of a channel on its conductance is shown. The experimentally obtained minimum on the channel conductance-pressure dependence (as the Knudsen paradox) is interpreted.     

Short-Lived Radioactivities and the Birth of the sun

Now extinct short-lived radioactive isotopes were apparently extant in the early solar system. Their abundances can be inferred from isotopic effects in their daughter nuclei in primitive meteorites, and the deviation of these abundances from expectations from continuous galactic nucleosynthesis yields important information on the last nucleosynthetic events that contributed new nuclei to the solar system and on the general circumstances of the Sun's birth. In this paper we present a rudimentary model that attempts to reconcile the abundances of ten short-lived radioactivities in the early solar system. In broad outlines, the picture requires 1) that Type Ia supernovae maintained a steady ISM supply of ⁵³Mn and ¹⁴⁶Sm, 2) that the r-process events that slowly admixed new ¹⁰⁷Pd, ¹²⁹I, ¹⁸²Hf, and ²⁴⁴Pu nuclei to the solar system occurred over an interval of several hundred million years prior to solar system formation, and 3) that a massive star, by injecting only material outside its helium-exhausted core into the proto-solar nebula, contributed ²⁶Al, ³⁶Cl, ⁴¹Ca, ⁶⁰Fe, and ¹⁸²Hf no more than one million years prior to the Sun's birth. In this picture, the live ¹⁸²Hf present in the early solar system was not due to r-process production but rather to a fast s-process in helium or carbon burning shell in the massive star. We conclude with a possible chemical-memory explanation for the putative ⁵³Cr/⁵²Cr gradient in the solar system. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Impact and the design of the human-machine interface

In this paper, we consider the concept of the impact of an action or human error. We begin from an informal definition of impact as: the effect that an action or sequence of actions has on the safe and successful operation of a system; and develop a quantitative measure of the impact of specified behaviours. It is important that human-machine interface designers should understand the relationship between operator actions and the hazards associated with a system. We demonstrate how impact can be assessed prior to, or in parallel with, the design of the human-machine interface, and show how impact assessments could be used to allow risk analysts to inform designers about the relationship between operator actions and system hazards. To illustrate our approach we present a simple case study,     

Supernovae and the origin of the solar system

This review concentrates on recent ideas involving a relationship between the early solar system and supernova explosions. It summarizes briefly the data that has helped inspire those ideas. Because the true relationship is still unknown and generates controversy, the distinct ideas are introduced singly in the historical context of their origins, and the active sense of surprise and controversy is visible. Quotations from pivotal papers are used as part of the exposition. The subject involves equally the isotopic anomalies detected in meteorites and the dynamic events of galactic evolution, nucleosynthesis, and protosolar collapse. Whatever the correct situation is, new connections have been found between the origin of the elements and the formation of the solar system. The objective of this review is to enable interested space scientists to quickly identify the competing points of view and the experiments and theories that have led to them.