飞机驾驶舱视觉工效研究

为了研究飞行员视觉工效的发展现状,以光环境设计、驾驶舱显示信息及显示方式等视觉工效的影响要素为研究对象,分析了照明系统控制、显示亮度控制、驾驶舱信息需求、克服信息过载、显示合成技术、视觉混乱等内容。基于研究结果,提出了目前在飞机驾驶舱视觉工效领域存在的几点问题,包括光环境控制的研究方法较为传统、显示信息的需求分析不明确,数量大、信息显示方式发展缓慢、飞机驾驶舱视觉工效设计缺少系统的、专业的测试和评价工具等内容。据此,针对未来飞机驾驶舱视觉工效的研究发展趋势给出了几点建议,为飞机驾驶舱视觉工效的设计提供借鉴和参考。     

民用飞机驾驶舱照明光辐射安全问题探讨The Discussion of Civil Aircraft Cockpit Lighting light radiation safety issue 魏培坤 吴春泽

民用飞机驾驶舱照明旨在为飞行员创造一个舒适安全的视觉环境,保证飞行员能准确地操作各种控制开关和清晰地判读仪表、显示器等的显示信息。照明的安全除了传统意义上的安全外也应包括光辐射安全,随着LED在驾驶舱照明中的应用,光辐射安全问题日益突出,必须制定出一种对驾驶舱照明环境中的光辐射危害水平进行评估的方法,以保证飞行员的眼睛和皮肤不受到潜在的光辐射伤害。     

基于EEG的驾驶舱告警信息设计研究

针对直升机驾驶舱人机交互中认知负荷问题，设计飞行模拟试验，探究视觉和听觉告警对飞行员认 知负荷的影响。基于多元线性回归方法，通过主观评价结果、反应时间、准确率和脑电信号等指标，构建了直 升机驾驶舱人机交互认知负荷评估模型。结果表明文字颜色、语音提示两种告警特征对飞行员信息加工均会产 生影响，使用多元线形回归模型可对不同告警方式下受试对象的认知负荷水平进行评估，构建的评估模型能够 较准确地评估直升机驾驶舱中飞行员的认知负荷，可为优化驾驶舱交互设计、降低飞行员认知负荷、减少人为 差错提供依据。     

基于改进YOLOv5的飞行员异常行为识别方法

为了快速准确地识别飞行员在驾驶舱内的异常行为,以保证航空安全,设计了一种基于改进YOLOv5算法的驾驶舱内飞行员异常行为识别方法。在YOLOv5的骨干网络中加入坐标注意力机制,获取在位置和方向上的特征信息,增强对注意力信息的敏感程度;改良交并比作为损失函数,提高模型计算速度和精度。训练自制飞行员异常行为原始数据集,实验结果表明,在模拟飞行驾驶舱中进行测试,能够准确快速识别飞行员的3种异常行为,平均精度达到98.3%,满足了识别要求。     

民用飞机驾驶舱气流组织的数值分析

作为一架飞机的指挥中心,驾驶舱的重要性是显而易见的。舱内的环境控制尤其是气流组织对飞行员的身体健康和正常工作有很大影响。建立了某型民用飞机的三维驾驶舱模型,做出合理假设和简化后运用流体力学计算软件FLUENT进行了数值模拟,基于PS模型对各种工况进行热舒适性评价。结果表明,总供风量为0.08m3/s,侧面送风占总风量40%且送风方向垂直于送风口的方式为最佳工况,此时驾驶员、观察员周围空气的温度和速度达到人体舒适度要求,模拟结果为驾驶舱气流组织的设计提供了参考。     

飞机驾驶舱自动调光系统中光照传感器布局设计

为满足飞机驾驶舱自动调光系统中环境光检测需要,本文提出一种光照传感器布局方法,该布局方法首先利用SPEOS光学仿真软件分析驾驶舱各区域在不同季节、航向、时间点时的环境光分布;其次,结合各区域发光器件分布情况,确定出光照传感器安装的候选位置;最后,在自然光环境下验证光照传感器候选位置的合理性,并根据验证结果确立光照传感器安装位置。该布局设计方法结合了光分布仿真分析的快速性、可重复性和自然光环境验测真实性的优点,能实现驾驶舱光照传感器的合理布置,为驾驶舱自动调光系统提供准确的环境光信息。     

基于人机工效的民机驾驶舱设计原理

民机驾驶舱的人机工效设计是以"飞行员—驾驶舱—环境"整体作为研究的基本对象,以提高民机飞行安全的设计。从民机驾驶舱的显示界面、控制器件布置和光环境等角度,详细阐述民机驾驶舱人机工效设计的概念,研究相关设计方法,并进行实际应用。所论述的相关设计方法对未来先进民机驾驶舱的设计具有一定的借鉴意义。     

飞机驾驶舱人-机-环实验平台研究

为了在地面实验室开展系统全面的飞机驾驶舱工效学实验,提出了一套完整的人-机-环闭路仿真模拟实验系统方案.综合分析实验系统的设计指标和功能要求,基于相似理论和模块化设计方法,分别对飞机仿真平台的硬件系统和软件系统、环境模拟舱、飞行员生理和心理测量系统开展研究和方案设计.最后搭建出半物理仿真模拟实验平台,实验平台可用于飞行员工作效率的影响机理研究、飞行员工作负荷评估以及仪表显示界面布局设计等.     

基于视觉仿真的飞机座舱风挡眩光分布影响研究

现代飞机座舱内照明灯具、综合显示器以及其他发光显示器件的大量应用,使得座舱内光学环境越来越复杂。不合理的照明和内饰设计,或者不合适的舱内空间布局,将会导致各种有害光的出现,影响飞行安全。采用视觉仿真方法,从操纵台控制显示装置的布置角度、布置位置等方面对其在前风挡形成的有害光进行分析,结果表明：针对大弧度曲面造型风挡,调整控制显示装置布置角度对有害光分布的影响有限,调整布置位置对有害光分布的影响显著,可以大大改善或避免眩光对飞行员的影响。     

飞机驾驶舱视觉告警信号设计的基本要求分析

飞机驾驶舱告警系统对提高飞行员工作效率和保障飞行安全具有重要的作用。本文主要概述了视觉告警信号的设计标准和信息编码的设计规定,并论述了相关标准中对颜色编码和告警字符的设计规定,为飞机驾驶舱视觉告警信号的设计提供相关设计参考。     

Implicit plasma simulation

Implicit time integration methods have been used extensively in numerical modelling of slowly varying phenomena in systems that also support rapid variation. Examples include diffusion, hydrodynamics and reaction kinetics. This article discusses implementation of implicit time integration in plasma codes of the “particle-in-cell” family, and the benefits to be gained.     

Fundamentals of plasma simulation

With the increasing size and speed of modern supercomputers, the incredibly complex nonlinear properties of plasmas in the laboratory and in space are being successfully explored in increasing depth. Of particular importance have been numerical simulation techniques involving finite size particles on a discrete mesh. After discussing the importance of this means of understanding a variety of nonlinear plasma phenomena, we describe the basic elements of particle-in-cell simulation and their limitations and advantages. The differencing techniques, stability and accuracy issues, data management and optimization issues are discussed by a simple example of a particle-in-cell code. Recent advances in simulation methods allowing large space and time scales to be treated with minimal sacrifice in physics are reviewed. Various examples of nonlinear processes successfully studied by plasma simulation are given.     

导弹投放分离的数值模拟

采用非结构网格、有限体积方法,利用准定常假设,对两种飞机在不同状态下与导弹的分离进行了数值模拟,并将计算结果和试验进行了比较。数值模拟的结果和试验结果表明,对于升力系数和俯仰力矩系数随攻角的变化、导弹轨迹随时间的变化两者吻合较好。     

MEMS tomographic imaging system simulation

This describes a simulation architecture used to simulate an ultra-narrowband radar tomographic imaging (UNBRaTI) system. The work is being performed at Rochester Institute of Technology. This lays the groundwork for an effort to develop a systems level approach for the simulation and analysis of an UNBRaTI system using traditional radio frequency (RF) components as well as micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)-hased components. The utility of the approach is its ability to apply sound systems engineering principles and techniques to compare and contrast traditional RF components with MEMS-based components and their effects on system level performance. The simulation has been architected for ease of scalability in order to analyze basic to complex system configurations.     

Time-implicit simulation of particle-fluid systems

This paper presents one-dimensional particle-fluid hybrid simulations in which the strongly collisional components of the plasma (e.g., ions and thermal electrons with ν_cfΔt > 1) are treated as fluids and the weakly collisional components (e.g., energetic electrons with ν_cpΔt ≪ 1) are treated as particles. Here ν_cf denotes the fluid ion and electron collision frequencies, ν_cp is the energetic particle collision frequency and Δt is the time step. Collisions between particle and fluid components are treated by a Monte-Carlo method and mass transfers between the particle and fluid electron components are governed by collision frequency thresholds. The field is computed implicitly to allow time steps with Ω_p Δt > 1 (Ω_p: plasma frequency).     

Maritime border control computer simulation

This work describes a computer simulator for an integrated Command and Control (C2) multi-sensor system acting in a maritime border control scenario. The analyzed system is composed of two platforms of multiple sensors: a land-based platform, equipped with a Vessel Traffic System (VTS) radar, an Infrared camera (IR), and an Automatic Identification System (AIS); an airborne platform, carrying an Airborne Early Warning Radar (AEWR) and an III camera. The mission of the system is the detection, tracking, and identification of multiple naval targets inside a sea region, their threat level evaluation, and the selection of an intervention against possible threat targets, in order to inspect their nature. The Measures of Effectiveness (MoE) of the integrated system are evaluated, i.e., the system performance during the detection, the threat evaluation process, and the intervention.     

Wave-particle diagnostics for plasma simulation

One important type of problem for particle simulation of plasmas, is one which is bounded and has external sources and sinks. For example, there are problems with antennas for studying RF heating or current drive in fusion plasmas, or problems in space simulation where particles are injected at one boundary with some specified energy or momentum distribution. In understanding such simulation results, it is useful to know how energy and momentum are flowing inside the plasma. This can be accomplished in electrostatic particle simulations on the basis of some theorems for energy and momentum flow. An important application of these theorems occurs when many waves are involved in producing some effect, e.g., generating a current by RF. One can then extract the contribution of each wave to the effect to identify which are most important. Examples of such wave-particle diagnostics will be given.