汽车实时数据采集器（汽车黑匣子）

汽车实时数据采集器（汽车黑匣子）“汽车实时数据采集器”，俗称“汽车黑匣子”是用于监测、记录、储存汽车在行驶中各种状态和数据的智能装置，它将微机应用的先进性、实用性与车辆运行状态统一起来，为分析、判断汽车驾驶状态和处理交通事故提供了可靠准确的科学依据。...     

基于LabVIEW的超精密磨床嵌入式监控系统

针对超精密磨削机床的监控需求,基于NI–sbRIO硬件平台开发了一套应用于超精密磨床状态监测和数据采集的嵌入式监控系统,使用FPGA对温度、振动、声发射等信息进行实时数据采集,并使用实时处理器对数据进行分析和处理,实现对机床的实时状态监测和数据存储。通过FPGA编程取代硬件数据采集卡,成本低,灵活性强。试验表明,该系统能够胜任超精密磨床的监控任务。     

一种新型的分布式数据采集器(一)

介绍了一种新型的分布式智能数据采集系统──ALPHA900系列数据采集器。该采集器由中国航空工业总公司第三0四研究所与英国ADAS公司联合设计研制。它集中了90年代采集器的优点，如可变字长、可编程智能前端、带温度补偿的连接器、可脱机工作等，并为突出各自功能形成系列。该采集器已成功地投入了工业生产，并且应用于工业过程监测、条件监测或加工监测。该系统使用价格低廉的RS485网络，各种型号模块提供了精确的温度、压力、应变及数字事件和频率等数据的测量及控制，并有相当突出的性能价格比。     

基于LabVIEW的切削过程远程监测

提出和实现了切削过程远程监测的3种方法,并介绍了切削过程数据采集系统.现场监测参量为切削力和切削温度,软件平台为LabVIEW.利用其中的远程面板访问技术,基于互联网直接监测位于远端服务器上的切削数据采集VI面板.利用LabVNC实现远程面板控制的方法较为有效.     

新一代数据采集器模拟量采集插件设计技术

数据采集器是飞行试验关键的测试设备,它的性能与现代飞机飞行试验有很大的关系.为满足现代飞机设计定型的需求,新一代数据采集器设计大量采用了FPGA和DSP器件,大大提高了采集器测量参数的采样率、通道数、测量参数类型和使用的灵活性.本文介绍的新一代采集器模拟量采集卡设计技术,用数字信号处理技术来实现信号的放大、滤波及偏置修正,并提供了对采集卡各个部分进行设计的理论依据.     

一种新型的分布式数据采集器(二)

4 系统结构和工作原理 900系列分布式数据采集系统由900系列数据采集模块、电源、通讯电缆、主机构成.可以在1.2 km的范围内,根据现场使用需要随意组成最少1个模块、20个测量点;最多不超过99个模块、1980个测量点(取决于模块)的测量系统.前端传感器输入信号可以是模拟信号(如温度、压力、电压、电流、应变等);也可以是数字信号(如开关状态监测、事件捕获、测频计数等).测量结果经模块内部A/D转换后,用RS485通讯方式,经屏蔽双绞线送至主计算机进行采集,并以固定的数据格式输出,用户可根据需要,采用相应的软件对采集到的信号进行处理.典型测量系统组成如图1所示.     

标准表法现场流量校准装置数据采集器的研制

介绍了一种自行研制的标准表法现场流量校准装置的数据采集器,详细阐述了采集器的硬件组成、软件结构及实现的功能.该装置为流量现场校准提供了一种准确、可靠、便捷的校准工具.     

航空发动机高空试验台状态监测系统

数据采集、状态监测、发动机特性分析与试验数据管理,对于提高航空发动机高空台的试验效率和技术水平有非常重要的意义。本文分析了原有的一套数据采集系统的缺陷,并结合监测系统的功能和技术要求,阐述了高空台试验安全监测系统的设计与实现,提出了前、后台机两级系统结构和时间上分散软件功能的设想。利用数据库技术对采集得到的大量试验数据进行管理,并利用这些数据进行了必要的发动机特性分析。     

三维可视化在装配车间现场中的应用

针对装配车间现场对于过程控制、物料追踪、数据采集、质量管理等方面的需求,本文通过深入分析离散型企业的装配流程,研究三维可视化在装配车间现场应用的关键技术,提出了基于轻量化三维模型的装配过程管理应用解决方案,并建立了基于装配任务的实例信息模型作为数据基础,应用基于事件驱动的装配过程作为控制手段。     

基于陷波器的心冲击信号提取电路设计

心冲击(BCG)信号可用于航天员心率监测,针对现有BCG采集电路无法有效去除呼吸干扰的问题,设计了中心频率为0.3 Hz的双T型陷波器,利用陷波器幅频特性抑制频带较窄且幅度较大的呼吸信号,以实现BCG信号的有效分离。通过加入电压跟随器提高陷波器品质因数Q值,设计电位器控制陷波器带阻滤波的频带宽度和Q值高低,可达到动态调节滤波效果。采集6名健康男性志愿者平卧位的BCG信号数据,通过峰值检测即可有效提取心率,无体动干扰的数据段滤除呼吸波后BCG信号平均J波识别准确率达到99.12%。结果表明:提出的方法可有效抑制呼吸信号,实现BCG信号的前端分离和充分放大,以应用于航天员实时心率监测中。     

基于GSM/GPRS的无线监控系统设计

介绍了以嵌入式监控终端、用户手机和远程监控中心计算机构建的无线监控系统的设计.着重论述了无线模块在嵌入式系统中的应用方法.介绍了通过无线模块发送和接收短消息以实现对现场设备的监控方法;分析了如何依靠无线模块经过GPRS网络与接入Internet的固定IP计算机建立连接并进行通讯.结果表明,在现有的移动通讯网络覆盖的区域,利用本系统可以完成对现场设备的在线数据采集、远程无线数据传输与监控.在露天场所、野外、移动作业环境或有线网络无法接入的地点建立数据采集与监控系统时,基于GSM/GPRS网络的嵌入式远程无线监控解决方案具有突出的优势.     

The ACE Magnetic Fields Experiment

The magnetic field experiment on ACE provides continuous measurements of the local magnetic field in the interplanetary medium. These measurements are essential in the interpretation of simultaneous ACE observations of energetic and thermal particles distributions. The experiment consists of a pair of twin, boom- mounted, triaxial fluxgate sensors which are located 165 inches (=4.19 m) from the center of the spacecraft on opposing solar panels. The electronics and digital processing unit (DPU) is mounted on the top deck of the spacecraft. The two triaxial sensors provide a balanced, fully redundant vector instrument and permit some enhanced assessment of the spacecraft's magnetic field. The instrument provides data for Browse and high-level products with between 3 and 6 vector s−1 resolution for continuous coverage of the interplanetary magnetic field. Two high-resolution snapshot buffers each hold 297 s of 24 vector s−1 data while on- board Fast Fourier Transforms extend the continuous data to 12 Hz resolution. Real-time observations with 1-s resolution are provided continuously to the Space Environmental Center (SEC) of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA) for near- instantaneous, world-wide dissemination in service to space weather studies. As has been our team's tradition, high instrument reliability is obtained by the use of fully redundant systems and extremely conservative designs. We plan studies of the interplanetary medium in support of the fundamental goals of the ACE mission and cooperative studies with other ACE investigators using the combined ACE dataset as well as other ISTP spacecraft involved in the general program of Sun-Earth Connections. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

航空发动机智能控制器应用研究

本文设计了一个智能控制器, 用于航空发动机稳态小偏离与瞬态大偏离控制, 数字仿真研究结果表明, 它比模糊控制及PID控制具有更好的控制性能。      

后视镜罩边缘结构对流场和气动噪声的影响

采用大涡模拟(LES)的计算方法,对车外后视镜不同边缘结构引起的外部流场和镜后车身表面监测点处的气动噪声进行了数值仿真.研究表明:不同的镜罩边缘结构在较大程度上影响了流经后视镜罩的气流速度和流线方向,对后视镜后部流场和监测点处声压级产生较大影响.相较于原模型的光滑边缘结构,模型1后部流场涡团更远离车身表面,有利于降低气动噪声,某监测点1/3倍频程中心频率处声压级最大降幅接近10dB;模型2后部流场涡团产生分离,并更靠近车身表面,反而使气动噪声增大.模型1的镜罩边缘结构改进方案对车外后视镜-A柱区域的流场和气动噪声都有较好的改善.     

The WIND magnetic field investigation

The magnetic field experiment on WIND will provide data for studies of a broad range of scales of structures and fluctuation characteristics of the interplanetary magnetic field throughout the mission, and, where appropriate, relate them to the statics and dynamics of the magnetosphere. The basic instrument of the Magnetic Field Investigation (MFI) is a boom-mounted dual triaxial fluxgate magnetometer and associated electronics. The dual configuration provides redundancy and also permits accurate removal of the dipolar portion of the spacecraft magnetic field. The instrument provides (1) near real-time data at nominally one vector per 92 s as key parameter data for broad dissemination, (2) rapid data at 10.9 vectors s^–1 for standard analysis, and (3) occasionally, snapshot (SS) memory data and Fast Fourier Transform data (FFT), both based on 44 vectors s^–1. These measurements will be precise (0.025%), accurate, ultra-sensitive (0.008 nT/step quantization), and where the sensor noise level is <0.006 nT r.m.s. for 0–10 Hz. The digital processing unit utilizes a 12-bit microprocessor controlled analogue-to-digital converter. The instrument features a very wide dynamic range of measurement capability, from ±4 nT up to ±65 536 nT per axis in eight discrete ranges. (The upper range permits complete testing in the Earth's field.) In the FTT mode power spectral density elements are transmitted to the ground as fast as once every 23 s (high rate), and 2.7 min of SS memory time series data, triggered automatically by pre-set command, requires typically about 5.1 hours for transmission. Standard data products are expected to be the following vector field averages: 0.0227-s (detail data from SS), 0.092 s (detail in standard mode), 3 s, 1 min, and 1 hour, in both GSE and GSM coordinates, as well as the FFT spectral elements. As has been our team's tradition, high instrument reliability is obtained by the use of fully redundant systems and extremely conservative designs. We plan studies of the solar wind: (1) as a collisionless plasma laboratory, at all time scales, macro, meso and micro, but concentrating on the kinetic scale, the highest time resolution of the instrument (=0.022 s), (2) as a consequence of solar energy and mass output, (3) as an external source of plasma that can couple mass, momentum, and energy to the Earth's magnetosphere, and (4) as it is modified as a consequence of its imbedded field interacting with the moon. Since the GEOTAIL Inboard Magnetometer (GIM), which is similar to the MFI instrument, was developed by members of our team, we provide a brief discussion of GIM related science objectives, along with MFI related science goals.     

检测设备网上实时监测研究

分析了基于网络的检测设备网上实时监测的实现方法,研究了以DataSocket和ActiveX技术来实现检测设备数据的传输与显示方法,采用Browser-Server(B/S)模式,以数显电感测微仪为例实现了监测端对检测设备的实时监测。     

智能检测技术在靶场测控设备中的应用及前景

综合运用先进的GPS授时技术和数字仿真、虚拟仪器结构、可视化编程等计算机软件技术，构建新一代靶场智能型检测系统，解决对野外分散站点上测控设备进行检测、标校、监控和测控网通信联试等技术问题。着重阐述智能化检测技术在靶场的应用及发展趋势，为技术人员开发测试软件提供参考。     

Near Infrared Spectrometer for the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous Mission

The Near-Infrared Spectrometer (NIS) instrument on the Near-Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) spacecraft is designed to map spectral properties of the mission target, the S-type asteroid 433 Eros, at near-infrared wavelengths diagnostic of the composition of minerals forming S asteroids. NIS is a grating spectrometer, in which light is directed by a dichroic beam-splitter onto a 32-element Ge detector (center wavelengths, 816–1486 nm) and a 32-element InGaAs detector (center wavelengths, 1371–2708 nm). Each detector reports a 32-channel spectrum at 12-bit quantization. The field-of-view is selectable using slits with dimensions calibrated at 0.37° × 0.76° (narrow slit) and 0.74° × 0.76° (wide slit). A shutter can be closed for dark current measurements. For the Ge detector, there is an option to command a 10x boost in gain. A scan mirror rotates the field-of-view over a 140° range, and a diffuse gold radiance calibration target is viewable at the sunward edge of the field of regard. Spectra are measured once per second, and up to 16 can be summed onboard. Hyperspectral image cubes are built up by a combination of down-track spacecraft motion and cross-track scanning of the mirror. Instrument software allows execution of data acquisition macros, which include selection of the slit width, number of spectra to sum, gain, mirror scanning, and an option to interleave dark spectra with the shutter closed among asteroid observations. The instrument was extensively characterized by on-ground calibration, and a comprehensive program of in-flight calibration was begun shortly after launch. NIS observations of Eros will largely be coordinated with multicolor imaging from the Multispectral Imager (MSI). NIS will begin observing Eros during approach to the asteroid, and the instrument will map Eros at successively higher spatial resolutions as NEAR's orbit around Eros is lowered incrementally to 25 km altitude. Ultimate products of the investigation will include composition maps of the entire illuminated surface of Eros at spatial resolutions as high as 300 m.