座舱盖抛放过程中的非定常气动特性研究

通过对N-S方程的数值求解模拟了座舱盖在静止和旋转两种状态下的气动力分布,分析了来流马赫数、旋转角速度以及迎角对气动系数的影响,研究了座舱盖自由抛放过程的非定常效应,并最终建立了预测座舱盖自由抛放过程气动系数的气动系数图。计算表明:(1)非定常效应是影响抛放过程座舱盖气动力分布的主要因素;(2)外形左右对称的座舱盖,均有非定常气动系数平均值与无量纲角速度成线性关系的规律,而且变化斜率几乎与舱盖形状尺寸等无关。     

微型飞行器低雷诺数矩形扑翼非定常气动特性的数值模拟

采用双时间步方法求解三维可压缩非定常N-S方程,数值模拟了微型飞行器低雷诺数矩形扑翼的非定常绕流,首先将得到的结果与文献进行了对比,数据间具有较好的一致性.然后针对不同的展弦比、减缩频率及初始攻角,计算了矩形扑翼的非定常气动特性及表面流态和动态压力分布,并分析了翼尖涡对扑翼非定常气动特性的影响.     

直升机雷达天线非定常气动特性数值模拟

基于Realizable κ-ε湍流模型对直升机飞行过程中雷达天线的非定常气动特性进行了CFD数值模拟分析,并对全尺寸和缩比雷达天线进行了不同雷诺数下的绕流计算,得到了雷达天线的非定常流场分布和气动载荷,通过处理得到了雷达天线脱落涡的频率和对应的斯脱拉哈数St.计算结果与风洞试验结果进行了比较分析,给出了基本分析结论.     

非定常前侧缘分离流的研究

 采用非定常涡格法 ,计算了三角形和矩形薄翼突冲起动和等速上仰这两种常见的非定常运动 ,得到了前 (侧 )缘分离涡及尾涡非定常卷起的流动图象及气动特性。分析了展弦比和攻角的影响。等速上仰的计算结果显示 ,仰起的动态过程能明显抑制分离涡面的破碎倾向 ,提高升力系数。计算结果和已有实验结果相比吻合良好     

一种基于CFD的叶轮机非定常气动力组合建模方法

为了获得一个准确高效的非定常空气动力学模型并将其应用于叶轮机叶片颤振特性分析中去,论文发展了一种基于CFD方法的叶轮机非定常气动力组合建模方法,可以快速计算叶轮机叶片在等相角差振动时的气动阻尼系数。运用小扰动流场的叠加原理,通过不同通道数模型的非定常流场求解(通常需要两次或三次),针对流场的周期性边界条件,组合分析得到一系列更多通道数情况下的非定常气动力低阶模型。基于这种降阶模型计算的气动阻尼系数与直接的CFD方法计算结果吻合很好,计算效率提高10倍以上。     

定常假设优化叶型在非定常数值模拟下的气动性能研究

利用数值模拟手段对基于定常假设条件优化得到的涡轮动叶叶型进行了非定常研究,分析了优化前后叶型在非定常流动条件下的性能表现,对比定常计算结果和实验结果,表明基于定常假设优化得到的叶型在非定常流动条件下仍然具有较好的气动性能,但非定常计算更能准确地反应叶型的真实性能。     

双旋翼微型飞行器的非定常气动特性

发展了一种基于计算流体力学(CFD)的非定常气动特性预测方法,计算方法包括了动量源模型、预处理方法、非结构嵌套网格和Spalart-Allmaras(S-A)湍流模型等技术.通过计算悬停Caradonna-Tung算例和俯仰振荡NACA0012算例,验证了计算方法模拟双旋翼微型飞行器动态流场的有效性.数值模拟了双旋翼微型飞行器动态流场,给出了非定常气动系数的迟滞曲线,分析了缩减频率、前飞速度和螺旋桨转速对非定常气动特性的影响.计算结果表明:力矩系数迟滞效应随缩减频率、前飞速度和螺旋桨转速增大而增大,升力系数迟滞效应随缩减频率和前飞速度增大而增大,但基本不随螺旋桨转速变化而变化.      

基于直接力控制的阵风响应及阵风减缓研究

考察某无人机模型的阵风气动响应特性和基于直接力操纵的阵风减缓效果.在求解非定常Euler方程时引入“网格速度”方法模拟阵风边界条件,通过动态嵌套网格技术实现舵面运动.首先对NACA0006翼型迎角阶跃型阵风的气动力响应进行了验证计算,计算结果与理论结果、文献计算结果吻合良好.在此基础上对某无人机模型在迎角阶跃型、One-minus-cosine型阵风作用下的气动力响应过程进行了数值模拟,并分析评估了不同舵面运动方式对飞机气动性能的影响.最终研究比较了不同舵面运动方式下阵风气动响应的减缓效果.结果表明:通过合理设计舵面运动,可以有效达到抑制阵风引起的非定常气动干扰的目的.     

翼型前缘变形对动态失速效应影响的数值计算

翼型或机翼的动态失速效应所引起的低头力矩和正气动阻尼限制了飞行器气动性能的提高,甚至可能诱导发生不稳定运动。应用于小尺寸机翼的前缘动态变形（DDLE）技术,通过实时改变前缘形状,能够改善翼型前缘区域的速度梯度,进而抑制动态失速效应。采用转捩剪切应力输运（SST）黏性模型结合分区混合动态网格技术,研究了这种前缘变形对机翼俯仰运动所引起的非定常流动的影响,得到通过小幅度前缘变形抑制和延迟动态失速的方法,从而提高翼型的气动性能。翼型NAC A0012的数值模拟结果与动态失速风洞试验结果比较表明：所使用的数值计算方法能够较为准确地模拟翼型在动态失速过程中升力系数与俯仰力矩系数的变化情况,可用于研究前缘变形对翼型俯仰运动所引起的非定常流动的影响。前缘动态变形翼型俯仰运动过程的非定常流场的数值模拟表明：在大迎角下不同幅度的前缘下垂运动能够抑制流动分离的发生,从而抑制动态失速,但在大迎角下小幅度高频率的前缘下垂变形能更高效地抑制动态失速;前缘变形幅度以及变形沿中弧线的分布对升力系数和俯仰力矩系数的影响并不明显。     

共轴对转螺旋桨的非定常气动干扰

为优化共轴对转螺旋桨的气动性能,研究前后桨之间复杂的非定常气动干扰,使用非定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes （URANS）方程的数值模拟方法,以及滑移网格技术,对6×6构型的共轴对转螺旋桨进行了三维非定常气动干扰计算,获得了共轴对转螺旋桨的气动特性变化规律,并给出了优化气动外形及运行控制的建议。计算结果表明:来流马赫数为0.38的情况下,由于非定常气动干扰导致的整个共轴对转螺旋桨的拉力系数和功率系数的脉动幅值为1.5%左右,推进效率的脉动幅值在0.1%左右。一个旋转周期内,前后桨均出现了12次周期波动,后桨由于能够吸收一部分前桨产生的切向滑流能量,推进效率比前桨更高一些,而且能够提高整个桨的效率。另外通过压力系数以及轴向速度的径向分布情况看,70%左右的桨半径位置上非定常气动干扰强度相对较大。      

飞行器阵风响应的CFD-6DOF仿真分析

飞行器在大气中飞行,不可避免地受到阵风的影响。阵风所附加的气动载荷引发飞行器飞行状态的改变,过大幅值的阵风影响飞行的性能与安全。针对这种状况,首先采用改进的Lamb-Ossen涡模型,建立尾涡形式的阵风场;然后采用基于CFD技术的非定常N-S方程求解,并在计算网格中引入"网格速度"来模拟阵风,对SWIM(Subsonic Wall Interference Model)尾涡中的定常气动特性进行验证;最后通过CFD-6DOF的耦合,对SWIM俯冲穿越尾涡场的飞行轨迹进行研究。结果表明:计算结果与实验值符合较好;SWIM在尾涡中飞行时出现抖动、下沉、改变飞行状态、剧烈翻转的现象,与实际飞行器进入尾涡中的轨迹特性类似。     

极大似然法及在有控飞行器气动参数辨识中的应用

 <正> 一、引言 飞行器气动参数辨识作为系统辨识理论在航空、宇航领域的应用分支,在一些发达国 家受到了相当的重视,并且从70年代以来已形成了气动参数辨识软件包,不仅缩短了飞行器的设计、改型及性能分析的周期,并且还具有靠风洞实验或理论分析所不具备的优点。目前飞行器的气动参数辨识虽已有很大发展,但是对有控飞行器的闭环辨识问题仍未解决,分析传感器非线性因素对气动参数辨识结果的影响也不够深入。本文使用极大似然法,结合某有控飞行器的全弹道仿真数据,研究了在闭环飞行状态下进行气动参数辨识所存在的问题,分析了传感器的非线性因素对气动参数辨识的影响。     

子母弹不同舱段分离流场特性及运动特性研究

为研究子弹药在不同装配舱段下抛撒分离过程的干扰气动特性,以2层弹舱轴向排布子母弹系统为模型,基于有限体积法,结合非结构动网格技术,通过耦合求解任意拉格朗日欧拉(ALE)描述下的三维非定常可压缩N-S流体控制方程及六自由度刚体运动方程,对时序抛撒方式下子弹在不同舱段分离的三维非定常流场进行了数值模拟。得到了不同舱段下子母弹分离流场的干扰特性及子弹药气动参数变化曲线,分析了子弹分离过程的运动特性,揭示了子弹与母弹激波在不同分离阶段的相互作用过程。为进一步研究子母弹分离干扰流场机理提供了依据。     

Control-oriented Modeling for Air-breathing Hypersonic Vehicle Using Parameterized Configuration Approach

This article presents a parameterized configuration modeling approach to develop a 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) rigid-body model for air-breathing hypersonic vehicle (AHV). The modeling process involves the parameterized configuration design, inviscous hypersonic aerodynamic force calculation and scramjet engine modeling. The parameters are designed for airframe-propulsion integration configuration, the aerodynamic force calculation is based on engineering experimental methods, and the engine model is acquired from gas dynamics and quasi-one dimensional combustor calculations. Multivariate fitting is used to obtain analytical equations for aerodynamic force and thrust. Furthermore, the fitting accuracy is evaluated by relative error (RE). Trim results show that the model can be applied to the investigation of control method for AHV during the cruise phase. The modeling process integrates several disciplines such as configuration design, aerodynamic calculation, scramjet modeling and control method. Therefore the modeling method makes it possible to conduct AHV aerodynamics/propulsion/control integration design.     

弹射座椅减速性能的数值仿真计算

减速性能是火箭弹射座椅的一个重要性能指标,而且一直不能得到很好的评估预测,只能根据地面弹射试验和经验粗略估计座椅的减速性能。采用数值仿真的方法,在获得弹射座椅的气动参数的基础上求解空间六自由度方程,得到了各气动参数以及座椅的减速性能。方法基于计算流体力学以及matlab的simulink仿真工具箱。最后数值仿真的结果与地面弹射试验的数据进行比较,其平均误差小于5%,说明数值计算的结果是比较准确的。数值仿真的方法在弹射座椅研究中的应用是完全可行的,有广泛的应用前景。     

飞机外挂物投放安全性的参数影响分析

研究了飞机在不同飞行高度、速度和姿态下,不同外挂物质量对投放安全性的影响。采用CFD方法计算外挂物所受气动力,通过六自由度刚体动力学方程计算外挂物的投放轨迹和姿态变化。准定常方法在计算外挂物下落轨迹的每个步长内,认为外挂物和载机都处在定常流场中,载机在投放过程中保持原有运动状态。通过算例给出了典型外挂物在不同速度、高度、姿态下投放的运动轨迹,分析了对安全投放有重要影响的因素,提出了减少外挂物投放风险的建议。     

Modeling and Backstepping-based Nonlinear Control Strategy for a 6 DOF Quadrotor Helicopter

In this article, a nonlinear model of an underactuated six degrees of freedom （6 DOF） quadrotor helicopter is derived on the basis of the Newton-Euler formalism. The derivation comprises determining equations of the motion of the quadrotor in three dimensions and approximating the actuation forces through the modeling of aerodynamic coefficients and electric motor dynamics. The derived model composed of translational and rotational subsystems is dynamically unstable, so a sequential nonlinear control strategy is used. The control strategy includes feedback linearization coupled with a PD controller for the translational subsystem and a backstepping-based PID nonlinear controller for the rotational subsystem of the quadrotor. The performances of the nonlinear control method are evaluated by nonlinear simulation and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy for the quadrotor helicopter in quasi-stationary flights.     

基于eN-数据库方法复杂构型飞机转捩预测

为探索边界层转捩对大型运输机在起降条件和有较大层流区的巡航条件下的气动力精确计算问题，通过在三维RANS求解器中引入eN-数据库方法来预测飞行器表面的转捩位置，并探索转捩对气动力的影响规律。方法与目前流行的基于间歇因子控制方程的转捩预测方法相比，具有计算效率高、易于工程应用、且考虑TS不稳定性转捩因素的特点。在此基础上，通过计算NASA梯形翼来分析起降构型条件下气动力受转捩影响的规律，并通过计算DLR－F6翼身组合体来探索三维构型在巡航条件下的气动力精度。使用eN-数据库转捩判断方法的计算结果与实验值吻合较好，验证了所构建的基于RANS求解器的eN-数据库转捩预测方法的有效性，并为大型运输机气动力精确计算提供了分析工具。     

Developing an engineering-statistical model for estimating aerodynamic coeffcients of helicopter fuselage

The design of the geometric shape of a helicopter fuselage poses a serious challenge for designers. The most important parameter in determining the shape of the helicopter fuselage is its aerodynamic coefficients. These coefficients are determined using two methods:wind tunnel test and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The first method is expensive, time-consuming and limited. In addition, estimates in regions away from data can be poor. The second method, due to the limitations of numerical solution, the number of nodes and the used solution, is often inaccurate. In this paper, with the aim of accelerating the design process and achieving results with reasonable engineering accuracy, an engineering-statistical model which is useful for estimating the aerodynamic coefficients was developed, which mitigated the drawbacks of these two methods. First, by combining CFD simulation and regression techniques, an engineering model was pre-sented for the estimation of aerodynamic coefficients. Then, by using the data from a wind tunnel test and implementation of statistical adjustment, the engineering model was modified and an engineering-statistical model was obtained. By spending less time and cost, the final model provided the aerodynamic coefficients of a helicopter fuselage at the desired angles of attack with reasonable accuracy. Finally, three numerical examples were provided to illustrate the application of the pro-posed model. Comparative results demonstrate the effectiveness of the engineering-statistical model in estimating the aerodynamic coefficients of a helicopter fuselage.     

Developing an engineering-statistical model for estimating aerodynamic coefficients of helicopter fuselage

The design of the geometric shape of a helicopter fuselage poses a serious challenge for designers. The most important parameter in determining the shape of the helicopter fuselage is its aerodynamic coefficients. These coefficients are determined using two methods: wind tunnel test and computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulation. The first method is expensive, time-consuming and limited. In addition, estimates in regions away from data can be poor. The second method,due to the limitations of numerical solution, the number of nodes and the used solution, is often inaccurate. In this paper, with the aim of accelerating the design process and achieving results with reasonable engineering accuracy, an engineering-statistical model which is useful for estimating the aerodynamic coefficients was developed, which mitigated the drawbacks of these two methods.First, by combining CFD simulation and regression techniques, an engineering model was presented for the estimation of aerodynamic coefficients. Then, by using the data from a wind tunnel test and implementation of statistical adjustment, the engineering model was modified and an engineering-statistical model was obtained. By spending less time and cost, the final model provided the aerodynamic coefficients of a helicopter fuselage at the desired angles of attack with reasonable accuracy. Finally, three numerical examples were provided to illustrate the application of the proposed model. Comparative results demonstrate the effectiveness of the engineering-statistical model in estimating the aerodynamic coefficients of a helicopter fuselage.