Sensor Fault Detection in a System with Random Disturbances

Sensor faults are detected in an operating automatic system by a simplified version of the dedicated observer scheme. Control inputs are augmented by a random disturbance of moderate intensity. The dedicated observer in this case is a Kalman filter, driven by a single sensor. This filter provides estimates of the outputs from the other, nonredundant, sensors. A logical combination of these functionally redundant signals with the actual sensor signals provides prompt detection of incipient faults on all instruments without false alarms. The scheme is applied to a simulation of the lateral axis control system of a hydrofoil boat in which four sensors are to be covered by the fault detection scheme. Tests indicate that the scheme is robust with respect to variations in the intensity of the random disturbance.     

Instrument Fault Detection

The dedicated observer scheme (DOS) for detecting incipient instrument faults by functional redundancy is applied to a simulation of the lateral axis control system of a hydrofoil boat. Observer designs and detection logic are found for which 14 separate instrument faults are detected without false alarms. The scheme is shown to be robust with respect to variations in two significant physical parameters.     

新型自适应Terminal滑模控制及其应用

针对一类高阶MIMO非线性系统设计了基于快速模糊干扰观测器的自适应Terminal滑模控制方案.通过设计快速模糊干扰观测器,克服了传统模糊干扰观测器在误差较小时收敛速度慢的缺点.严格证明了跟踪误差及观测误差均在有限时间内收敛到零的小区域.最后在高超声速条件下,对空天飞行器再入过程的姿态控制进行仿真,结果表明了所设计干扰观测器的优越性和闭环控制方案的有效性.      

Instrument Failure Detection in Partially Observable Systems

Instrument failure detection using the dedicated observer scheme (DOS) depends on partial state observability through each instrument which is monitored. For instrument fault detection by the DOS technique, a quantitative measure of partial state observability is established for each instrument and used to determine a necessary condition on the output structure of the system. This measure, called the internal redundancy of the instrument, indicates the complexity of the logic required for failure detection, and it also indicates where some hardware redundancy can be introduced into the system to improve the fault detection capability of the DOS. The principles developed are applied to a simulation of the pitch axis autopilot of the A7 jet aircraft.     

基于自抗扰理论的小型四旋翼飞行器姿态控制

针对四旋翼飞行器的强耦合性、非线性、易受外界干扰等控制难点,研究利用自抗扰控制器对四旋翼飞行器进行姿态控制的技术问题。通过牛顿-欧拉方程建立四旋翼飞行器动力学模型,将不确定性、耦合及参数摄动等干扰作为"总和干扰",利用扩张状态观测器进行估计并动态反馈补偿,再利用非线性反馈抑制补偿残差,进行四旋翼飞行器姿态控制仿真实验。结果表明:在存在模型参数摄动和外界扰动的情况下,扩张状态观测器很好地实时估计和补偿了四旋翼飞行器的总和干扰,基于自抗扰的四旋翼飞行器姿态控制系统具有较好的动态品质、稳态精度以及较强的鲁棒性。     

Distributed fixed-time attitude coordinated control for multiple spacecraft with actuator saturation

This paper investigates the distributed fixed-time attitude coordinated control problem for multiple spacecraft subject to actuator saturation under the directed topology. First, a distributed fixed-time observer is presented for each follower spacecraft to estimate the leader spacecraft’s states. Compared with the commonly used fixed-time observer, the settling time of the proposed fixed-time observer can be easily adjusted by some free design parameters. Next, a distributed fixed-time control ...     

基于RBF神经网络的液压位置伺服系统故障诊断

针对液压系统的非线性、时变、流固耦合的特点,提出双级径向基函数(Radial Basis Function,RBF)神经网络模型实现液压伺服系统故障检测与定位.采用第1级RBF网络作为液压伺服系统的故障检测滤波器,通过实际系统与RBF观测器输出的残差实现液压伺服系统故障检测.利用第1级RBF观测器的输出残差和网络结构参数,应用第2级RBF网络实现液压伺服系统典型故障定位.针对K均值聚类算法收敛速度慢的缺点,提出了改进K均值聚类算法和学习速率自适应调整算法,利用网络优化结构参数和学习率,加快神经网络收敛速度,减少运算量.实验结果表明,利用双级RBF神经网络能够有效地检测出液压位置伺服系统的故障,并能实现系统的故障定位.     

基于干扰观测器的四旋翼无人机离散时间容错控制

为了飞行控制方案便于在计算机上实现，针对具有外部干扰和执行器加性故障的四旋翼无人机（UAV）角度运动方程，给出一种基于干扰观测器的离散时间跟踪控制方案。通过设计离散时间干扰观测器抑制外部干扰和执行器故障的不利影响，并结合干扰观测器设计离散时间控制器。通过数值仿真验证了基于干扰观测器的离散时间容错控制方案的有效性。仿真结果表明，设计的离散控制器能够保证外部干扰和执行器故障综合作用下的四旋翼UAV系统跟踪控制性能。     

Detecting Instrument Malfunctions in Control Systems

A scheme for automatically detecting incipient failures in the feedback sensors (or instruments) of control systems is described. The feasibility of the scheme is investigated by applying it to a simplified version (fourth order) of the flight control system for a hydrofoil boat. A single set of inertial instruments is used to provide the feedback signals; the redundancy which is normally obtained by multiple instrument sets is obtained here, artificially, by a subsystem of multiple Luenberger observers and logic circuits. Tests indicate that scale factor errors, errors due to threshold effects, and bias errors in the instruments are detected as they occur. The tests also indicate further analytical work which should be done to explore the limitations of the basic scheme.     

Observer-based control for the platform of a tethered space robot

This paper addresses the attitude control problem of a space tethered robot platform in the presence of unknown external disturbance caused by a connecting elastic tether. The tether-generated unknown disturbance leads to tremendous challenges for attitude control of the platform. In this work, the perturbed attitude dynamics of the platform are derived with a consideration of the libration of the elastic tether, and then with the purpose of compensating the unknown disturbance, major attention is dedicated to develop a nonlinear disturbance observer based on gyros measurements, after which, an adaptive attitude scheme is proposed by combining the disturbance observer with a sliding mode controller. Finally, benefits from the observer based on an adaptive controller are validated by series of numerical simulations.     

Passive tracking scheme for a single stationary observer

While there are many techniques for bearings-only tracking (BOT) in the ocean environment, they do not apply directly to the land situation. Generally, for tactical reasons, the land observer platform is stationary; but, it has two sensors, visible and infrared, for measuring bearings and a laser range finder (LRF) for measuring range. There is a requirement to develop a new BOT data fusion scheme that fuses the two sets of bearing readings, and together with a single LRF measurement, produces a unique track. This paper first develops a parameterized solution for the target speeds, and then heading, prior to the occurrence of the LRF measurement, when the track is unobservable. At, and after the LRF measurement, a BOT, formulated as a least squares (LS) estimator, then produces a unique LS estimate of the target states. Bearing readings from the other sensor serve as instrumental variables in a data fusion setting to eliminate the bias in the BOT estimator. The result is an unbiased and decentralized data fusion scheme. Results from two simulation experiments have corroborated the theoretical development and show also that the scheme is optimal.     

感应电机全阶状态观测器及其无源性转速控制

为了实现感应电机的高动态调速性能,针对电机的非线性本质,提出了一种基于全阶状态观测器及其转速自适应估算的感应电机无源性转速控制方案。在基于感应电机无源性与稳定性分析的基础上,设计了渐近稳定转矩跟踪无源性控制器。针对无源控制律所需转子电流难以观测的问题,提出了一种旋转坐标系下以转子电流和转子磁链为状态变量的全阶状态观测器,并应用该观测器对转速进行估算,实现了感应电机无速度传感器的无源性转速控制。仿真结果表明该控制方法易于实现,采用全阶观测器观测转子电流值和估算转速值更为准确,显著提高了感应电机的动静态性能。     

基于未知输入观测器的涡扇发动机直接推力控制

针对某型涡扇发动机,进行直接推力控制回路设计方法研究.基于未知输入观测器(UIO)原理建立了涡扇发动机机载模型和推力估计器,UIO通过解耦外界干扰实现了全飞行包线推力的准确估计;提出了直接推力闭环反馈控制的双回路结构设计方案,内环转速控制,外环推力控制,有利于实现各回路控制参数的独立设计.仿真验证结果表明:基于UIO的模型基涡扇发动机直接推力控制具有良好的控制稳定性和抗干扰性能,对于发动机不同工作点直接推力控制,推力控制误差不超过0.1%,转速控制偏差不超过0.2%.      

基于事件触发的异构多智能体最优包含控制

针对异构多智能体系统的输出包含控制问题，提出一种基于边的事件触发最优控制协议，保证所有跟随者的输出能进入到由领航者的输出所形成的凸包中。同时，使系统达到最优性能，最小化控制代价。考虑到不是所有的跟随者都可获得领航者的信息，提出一种基于边的分布式事件触发观测器，估计领航者输出形成的凸包内点的轨迹。设计加权代价函数评价包含控制的性能，并将输出包含问题转化为最优状态反馈控制设计问题。利用贝尔曼方程和黎卡提方程，给出异构多智能体系统最优输出包含控制的参数设计。选择不同类型的机器人构成多智能体系统，验证算法的有效性。     

基于观测器与前馈控制技术的动态转台 控制实验研究

基于前馈控制技术对动态转台进行控制研究,分析了PID 控制在动态转台 控制中对于响应带宽提高的缺点。通过实验与Matlab 结合辨识了开环系统模型,并与实 际数据进行了比对。建立了系统状态观测器,并设计了基于观测器与前馈控制结合的控制 器,证明了观测器与控制器的稳定性。最后通过实验证明了观测器与控制器的有效性。     

A study of flight-critical computer system recovery from spaceradiation-induced error

It is well known that space radiation, containing energetic particles such as protons and ions, can cause anomalies in digital avionics onboard satellites, spacecraft, and aerial vehicles flying at high altitude. Semiconductor devices embedded in these applications become more sensitive to space radiation as the features shrink in size. One of the adverse effects of space radiation on avionics is a transient error known as single event upset (SEU). Given that it is caused by bit-flips in computer memory, SEU does not result in a damaged device. However, the SEU induced data error propagates through the run-time operational flight program, causing erroneous outputs from a flight-critical computer system. This study was motivated by a need for a cost-effective solution to keep flight-critical computers functioning after SEU occurs. The result of the study presents an approach to recover flight-critical computer systems from SEU induced error by using an identity observer array. The identity observers replicate the state data of the controller in distinct data partitions. The faulty controller can be recovered by replacing data image of the faulty data partition with that of the healthy data partition. The methodology of applying such an approach from the fault tolerant control perspective is presented. The approach is currently being tested via computer simulation     

Anti-disturbance attitude control of combined spacecraft with enhanced control allocation scheme

In this paper, we propose a novel anti-disturbance attitude control law for combined spacecraft with an improved closed-loop control allocation scheme. More specifically, a saturated approach is adopted to guarantee the global asymptotic stability under control input saturation. To enhance the robustness of the system, a nonlinear disturbance observer is constructed to compensate the disturbances caused by inertial parameter uncertainty and unmodeled dynamics. Next, the quadratic programming algorithm is used to obtain an optimal open-loop control allocation scheme, where both energy consumption and actuator saturation have been considered in the allocation of the virtual control command. Then, a modified closed-loop control allocation scheme is proposed to reduce the allocation error under the actuator uncertainty. Finally, stability analysis of the closed-loop system with the proposed allocation scheme is provided. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

Sensitivity Discriminating Observer Design for Instrument Failure Detection

A procedure is presented for the design of a pair of sensitivity discriminating Luenberger observers for instrument failure detection (IFD). The proposed IFD scheme permits detection of instrument malfunctions with reduced sensitivity to process parameter variations. The efficiency of detecting instrument malfunctions and the influence of parameter variations are illustrated with an example.     

基于UKF算法的单站无源定位

机载单站无源定位具有机动性好、作用范围广等特点,而基于相位差变化率的定位方法又具有定位速度快、精度高等优点.文章研究了Unscenteed Kalman Filter(UKF)在机载单站无源定位中的应用,给出了相位差变化率定位方法的原理,介绍了UKF算法的滤波原理及滤波过程.从仿真结果表明,UKF算法应用在机载单站无源...