无杆臂误差快速传递对准方法

机载或舰载武器系统惯性导航系统动基座对准的首选方案就是传递对准,速度匹配传递对准因为其较好的水平失准角可观测性以及线性量测模型得到了广泛的应用。但当载体存在角运动时,速度匹配传递对准必须对杆臂误差进行补偿,由于变形的存在,使得杆臂误差的准确补偿存在较大的困难。针对这一问题,研究了一种不需要进行杆臂误差补偿的快速传递对准方案,能够在杆臂误差较大时,以较快的速度获得较高的失准角估计精度。计算机仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性。     

基于杆臂补偿的多MIMU六方位倍速率标定方法

误差建模、标定与补偿是提高微惯性测量单元(MIMU)精度的关键,而杆臂效应是影响低成本微机电系统(MEMS)惯导精度进一步提升的瓶颈。针对杆臂效应引起的多MIMU标定误差问题,提出了一种基于杆臂补偿的多MIMU六方位倍速率标定方法。分析了杆臂效应影响多MIMU标定的误差机理,设计了一种六方位倍速率标定方案,建立了基于杆臂补偿的误差系数标定解算模型,补偿了杆臂效应引起的标定误差,并应用加权最小二乘法对MIMU加速度通道和角速度通道的非对称性误差进行了抑制。试验结果表明,与现有六方位正反速率标定方法相比,采用该方法的MIMU加速度通道补偿误差降低了84%,角速度通道补偿误差降低了68%。     

飞机载体的杆臂效应对GPS测速精度的影响

杆臂效应是由于测量体的安装位置与运动载体质心不重合而引起的。从理论上分析了杆臂效应产生的原理,推导得出杆臂效应引起的速度误差公式。通过仿真试验和飞行试验数据分析了飞机载体不同运动状态下,杆臂效应对GPS速度测量精度的影响。通过对杆臂误差补偿后,GPS测速精度得到很大提高。在惯导系统飞行试验中引入该方法,可以科学合理地给出系统试飞评定结果。     

基于数值计算的机载SAR空变运动补偿算法

针对机载合成孔径雷达(SAR)高分辨率宽测绘带(HRWS)成像问题,在分析结合两步运动误差补偿的距离徙动算法基础上,提出一种基于数值计算的空变运动误差补偿算法。通过对粗聚焦图像进行分块,在子块的两维波数域进行空变运动补偿,补偿的相位包括方位相位误差、距离相位误差以及方位和距离的耦合相位,因此该算法在复杂航迹、高分辨和宽测绘带情况下仍具有较好的鲁棒性。最后对SAR仿真数据和实测数据进行处理,并与结合两步运动误差补偿的距离徙动算法进行比较,处理结果表明该算法能够更好地补偿空变运动误差。     

Beam-pointing error compensation method of phased array radar seeker with phantom-bit technology

A phased array radar seeker (PARS) must be able to effectively decouple body motion and accurately extract the line-of-sight (LOS) rate for target missile tracking.In this study,the real time two-channel beam pointing error (BPE) compensation method of PARS for LOS rate extraction is designed.The PARS discrete beam motion principium is analyzed,and the mathematical model of beam scanning control is finished.According to the principle of the antenna element shift phase,both the antenna element shift phase law and the causes of beam-pointing error under phantom-bit conditions are analyzed,and the effect of BPE caused by phantom-bit technology (PBT) on the extraction accuracy of the LOS rate is examined.A compensation method is given,which includes coordinate transforms,beam angle margin compensation,and detector dislocation angle calculation.When the method is used,the beam angle margin in the pitch and yaw directions is calculated to reduce the effect of the missile body disturbance and to improve LOS rate extraction precision by compensating for the detector dislocation angle.The simulation results validate the proposed method.     

机载SAR成像对瞄准线运动补偿的要求

飞机偏离匀速直线运动的运动误差是机载合成孔径雷达成像的基本困难之一。通过详细的理论推导,给出了当飞机沿瞄准线方向同时存在恒定速度误差,恒定加速度误差和正确弦摆动速度误差时,以回波信号压缩波形的主瓣偏移,二次相位误差,三次相位误差以及积分旁瓣比等ＳＡＲ系统图像质量指标的最大允许值表示的机载正侧视ＳＡＲ运动补偿定量要求的解析式。并结合一例子进行了计算分析,所得结论可供有关人员参考。     

复杂航迹和起伏地形条件下机载聚束SAR 空变运动补偿

 运动补偿是雷达平台机动飞行条件下合成孔径雷达(SAR)实现精确聚焦成像的前提,而如何精确实现运动误差的空变补偿(误差补偿随目标距离、方位和高度位置的变化而变化)目前还存在很大的挑战。本文提出了一种新的三阶运动补偿方法,能够有效解决复杂雷达航迹和地形起伏条件下运动误差的空变补偿问题。该方法首先以场景中心为参考进行空不变运动补偿,然后以多个子场景中心为参考进行空变运动补偿,最后再利用极坐标格式算法(PFA)统一补偿每个像素的空变误差。仿真数据处理结果验证了本文方法的有效性。     

时域内振动与噪声传递路径系统的路径传递度探索

  振动和噪声通过多重和/或多维路径传递，振源、传递路径、受体及其动态交互作用的影响至今没有很好地解决，因此对于后续采用的被动控制或者结构修改以降低振动和噪声水平的技术来说，识别出主要的传递路径是至关重要的。本文基于一般概率摄动有限元法和结构可靠性理论，解决了时域内振动与噪声传递路径系统的路径传递概率的度量问题，提出了时域内振动与噪声传递路径系统的路径传递度的新概念和方法，在考虑工程中的不确定因素以后，在时域内清晰地描述了振动与噪声传递路径系统的路径传递率。     

A Fast Beamforming Algorithm for Large Arrays

This beamforming algorithm is written specifically for array radars in which the number of array elements K is very large compared with the number of jammers L the radar is designed to suppress. It uses a set of M noise vectors to construct a basis for the jammer component of the antenna output vectors. The component of the quiescent weight vector orthogonal to each basis vector is calculated, renormalized to unit length, and identified as the adapted weight vector. This algorithm is effective in the suppression of many types of jammers. The number of noise samples M required in the construction of the adapted weight vector is approximately equal to L. In the special case of L narrowband noise jammers, for example, a choice of M = L usually reduces the receiver output jammer power to a few dBs above the white noise background. It is permissible to have M相似文献   

Electronic Search Beam Stabilization

Compensating for ship's motion (roll and pitch) is a problem fundamental to shipboard radars. The more traditional aproach has been to mechanically stabilize the antenna structure. The alternative approach of stabilizing only the antenna beam is far from being new conceptually, but is more realizable with today's technology. The basic elements are a planar array with an elevation scan capability that rotates continuously in azimuth combined with a high speed digital processor. Electronic stabilization of such an antenna is inherently more challenging than that of a two-axis phase-scanned array. An algorithm is derived for surveillance beam positioning as the antenna rotates. The implementation of this algorithm provides hemispheric search beam stabilization.     

改进的容错惯性导航系统

 用于余度捷联惯性测量单元(IMU)的故障检测及分离(FDI)方法的性能受到诸如输入轴不准,刻度因子误差以及偏倚这样的传感器误差的限制。本文采用分离偏倚估计方法以获得上述影响奇偶向量的传感器误差的线性组合的估计,然后将这些估计用于构成补偿的奇偶向量,该奇偶向量不包括传感器误差的影响。用经补偿的奇偶向量代替未经补偿的奇偶向量进行故障检测及分离判决以提高FDI的性能。仿真结果表明奇偶向量补偿算法可大大提高FDI的性能,特别是在飞行器做机动飞行时。     

考虑杆臂效应与挠曲变形的全自动着舰技术

联合精确进近和着陆系统（JPALS）舰载组件旨在为最终进近阶段的舰载机提供自动着舰能力。针对由于舰船杆臂效应与挠曲变形的存在导致舰载机着舰定位精度下降的问题,开发了一种基于卫星引导的全自动着舰非线性化参数误差模型,结合舰船甲板运动及舰载机纵向飞行控制模型,评估舰船结构挠曲和姿态不确定性对着舰落点精度的影响。结果表明,杆臂效应与挠曲变形对着舰落点精度有显著影响,利用建立的误差模型以及飞行控制模型,能够将着舰落点精度有效控制在着舰标准之内。     

The use of multiple receivers to measure the wave characteristics of very-low-frequency noise in space

Until now most very-low-frequency (VLF) radio noise experiments in the ionosphere, magnetosphere and solar wind have been able to provide only the amplitude and spectral characteristics of VLF phenomena. Experiments using multiple receivers to measure the amplitudes and relative phases of the magnetic and electric wave components, however, can give the wave characteristics in addition. Knowledge of both the spectral and the wave characteristics are desirable in making deductions about the noise source location and mechanism and about the properties of the propagation path. Expressions are derived for obtaining the electromagnetic wave characteristics — wave normal vector, Poynting vector and wave polarization — and the electrostatic wave characteristics — wave normal direction and field magnitude — from the amplitudes and relative phases of the wave components. The antenna systems capable of measuring the necessary wave components on payloads which are not spinning, spinning, or spinning and precessing are described. Consideration is given to the experimental technique of reducing payload interference, of transferring the required data to the ground and of obtaining the desired spatial, frequency, amplitude and phase resolution.The data obtained with such an experiment may represent the superposition of signals from multiple sources and multiple paths and from interference signals. Interpretation of these results is discussed and the use of the results of obtaining information on the source location and mechanism and on the propagation path properties is described. Recently several sounding rocket and satellite experiments capable of measuring some of the wave characteristics have been flown. The results concerning the wave normal directions for several different types of VLF noise phenomena are summarized.     

多卜勒波束锐化运动补偿方法的研究

载机在空中的任何机动行为都会使多卜勒波束锐化(ＤＢＳ)性能下降,严重时甚至失效。针对ＤＢＳ工作特点,对所需的运动补偿方法,进行了深入的分析与研究,给出了运动补偿的一般方法,同时还提出了一种新的用载机在雷达视线(ＬＯＳ)上的投影速度来实时控制脉冲重复周期(ＰＲＦ)的相位补偿方法,并对该方法的精度及其对惯导系统(ＩＮＳ)的容差范围作了分析。最后给出了模拟结果。     

船载天线伺服系统稳定回路分析与设计

为提高方位俯仰型船载天线伺服系统的船摇隔离度,稳定环是常采用的策略,但是选择传统的PID(Proportional Integral Derivative,比例积分微分)调节器往往不能获得满意的控制效果,针对该问题,提出了PID+积分+滞后校正环节作为稳定环调节器的具体实现形式。另外,通过对伺服系统内各环路带宽及响应速度的分析,将稳定环阶跃响应的上升时间作为参数调节依据。上述设计完成后,在实际系统中添加周期10s,幅值8°的正弦波信号模拟船摇扰动,此时添加稳定环后,方位轴的船摇隔离度提高了6dB,俯仰轴的船摇隔离度提高了13dB。这表明,采用PID+积分+滞后校正环节作为稳定环调节器的设计形式是正确且简单有效的。     

Development of airborne moving target radar for long range surveillance

The following topics are discussed in the context of the development of an airborne moving target radar for long range surveillance: US Navy long range shipborne radar; Cadillac I airborne early warning (AEW) radar; Cadillac II airborne early warning (AEW) radar; airborne moving target indicating (AMTI) radar; related post-war radar activities; and the invention of the displaced center antenna. Among the topics studied is the use of a monopulse antenna in an MTI radar to remove the degradation of the MTI caused by rapid scanning of the antenna. A method of using a monopulse antenna for motion compensation in airborne MTI is discussed.<>     

Geometric aspects of long-term noncoherent integration

Long-term integration is defined as integration, perhaps interrupted, over time periods long enough for targets to move through volumes in space resolvable by the radar. Because the motion of the target is unknown prior to detection, long-term integration must be performed along multiple paths representing plausible target paths. The geometry of such a set of integration paths affects detection performance in several ways. The simplest implementation of long-term integration, using constant radial velocity paths, is investigated. The effects of path geometry on detection is quantified and optimized for a target whose motion is nearly radial but otherwise unknown     

Strapdown inertial measurement units for motion compensation forsynthetic aperture radars

It is shown that synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) motion can be compensated by using an antenna-mounted strapdown inertial measurement unit (IMU) as the motion sensing system, but sensor and system errors affect SAR image quality. A strapdown IMU consists of three accelerator channels and three gyro channels. Strapdown IMU errors include gyro-scale and accelerometer-scale factor and bias errors, velocity error, platform tilt, and errors induced by limited inertial sensor bandwidth. The effects of these errors on the SAR image quality are presented in terms of the SAR impulse response. IMU errors that cause low-frequency phase errors (less than one cycle per array time) are categorized in terms of quadratic and cubic phase errors. IMU errors that cause high-frequency phase errors (greater than one cycle per array time) are categorized in terms of the integrated sidelobe ratio and peak sidelobe ratio. A motion compensation system conceptualization is described wherein a strapdown IMU is attached to an antenna and transfer-aligns to the aircraft's master navigator     

Clutter Spectra of Low PRF AMTI Pulse-Doppler Radar

Approximate expressions are derived for the video clutter spectra in the receiver of a low pulse repetition frequency (PRF), airborne moving target indicator (AMTI), pulse-Doppler radar for both step-scanning and continuous-scanning antennas. The receiver is assumed to process the received waveform with a clutter-tracking oscillator and a window function is employed to obtain short-term spectra. Except for the broadening effects of the window function, it is shown that the clutter spectrum can be simply related to the antenna voltage-gain pattern. It is further shown, in the scanning antenna case, that the combined spectral broadening due to platform motion and antenna scanning cannot be assumed to be the result of the convolution of the separate effects unless the antenna gain pattern has a Gaussian shape. The approximate clutter expressions are illustrated by examples and are shown to agree well with the results of computer calculations.     

1种满足控制计划要求的凸轮型面设计方法

针对液压机械控制装置要求按给定的稳态控制计划设计杠杆、凸轮、弹簧等结构性能参数的问题,采用了考虑离心飞重块工作在燃油中的浮力效应和液体离心力效应对离心飞重换算轴向离心力的修正方法,精确地计算了转速摆动活门的转速-弹簧位移关系的输入输出特性;利用转速给定装置凸轮杠杆机构的叠加特性解决了油门杆角度和发动机进口温度同时变化时相关的控制计划反映在指令弹簧上的位移计算问题;同时从刚架的运动特性规律中抽象出几何不变性,提出了1种按控制计划的不同要求对转速指令凸轮、慢车温度修正凸轮和大车温度修正凸轮进行设计的方法.设计的凸轮按其内在的输入输出特性关系通过各模块之间的信息传递关系以液压机械的控制方式实现了发动机所要求的复杂转速控制计划,对这一设计方法进行了对比验证,可满足设计要求,具有通用性.