规范疲劳寿命及其标准差

从理论上严格证明了服从对数正态分布的试验寿命的样本标准差服从S分布,给出了母体标准差的无偏估计公式及纠偏系数表。给出了一定置信度下试验寿命安全标准差的计算公式及计算所必须的表格。提出了规范疲劳寿命的概念,它的标准差是试验寿命标准差的加权平均值。     

二维单侧容限系数方法

给出了一种二维单侧容限系数公式,并提出确定高自由度的子样均值和标准差方法。从而能充分利用以往的数据和经验,大大减少了试件个数。与国际上常用的(一维)单侧容限系数法相比,可节省大量试件;而在试件个数相同的情况下,则可得到更接近于母体百分位值的置信限(如安全寿命、安全强度或安全载荷等)。文中还给出了可靠度置信下限公式。     

基于试验极值信息的寿命分散系数法

提出了基于试验极值信息的寿命分散系数计算公式及确定技术寿命的方法。推导了基于最差、最好试验寿命所得概率寿命同时成立时对数正态母体的寿命分散系数公式。计算了置信度为0.95、可靠度为99.865%、最大最小寿命比为6时的寿命分散系数。算例表明:利用方法及给出的分散系数,既可以取到较大的技术寿命,减小寿命的浪费,提高经济性;又可以保证置信度为0.95,减小了风险,提高了安全性。     

基于广义DFR概念的受剪连接件疲劳寿命估算方法

提出了广义DFR(细节疲劳额定值)概念,基于疲劳寿命遵循对数正态分布规律推导了任意应力比、可靠度和置信度下的DFR值的计算公式,在此基础上,发展了基于广义DFR概念的连接件谱载疲劳寿命估算方法,试验测定了铆钉单搭铝合金连接件和螺栓连接合金钢连接件的广义DFR值和谱载疲劳寿命。采用本文提出的广义DFR方法估算了两种连接件的谱载疲劳寿命,并与试验结果进行对比,发现理论估算结果与试验数据吻合良好。     

缺口高应变区疲劳裂纹形成寿命的尺寸效应

本文给出了两种考虑缺口尺寸效应的疲劳裂纹形成寿命的预测方法。一种是用高应变区体积考虑尺寸效应,通过缺口的△W-N;数据建立起经验公式。另一种是用疲劳缺口系数K_f代替理论应力集中系数K_8以考虑尺寸效应,通过用K_1修正后的△代替△J得到寿命预测公式。两种方法前者精度较高,后者更为简便。 文章还给出了一种用断裂力学确定疲劳缺口系数K_1值的方法。并指出用缺口循环J积分预测疲劳裂纹形成寿命比用Neuber公式计算缺口最大形变功密度范围来预测疲劳裂纹形成寿命更接近实验结果。     

小子样场合下估算母体百分位值置信下限和可靠度置信下限的Bootstrap方法

将Bootstrap方法引入到小子样场合下母体百分位值置信下限的计算中,并与传统的单侧容限系数法和新单侧容限系数法进行了大量的对比计算,算例表明Bootstrap方法明显优于其他两种方法,在较高可靠度和置信度要求下母体百分位值置信下限不会出现负值的情况,而且计算得到的结果更接近真值。发展了一种半参数Bootstrap方法用于计算可靠度的置信下限,模拟计算表明半参数Bootstrap方法很好地克服了置信度较高时,新旧单侧容限系数计算出的可靠度置信下限过低的局限性,而且半参数Bootstrap方法的计算结果均有较高的精度。     

双斜面零件的加工及其空间角度的计算

当平面对三个坐标面都成倾斜时称为空间任意平面,简称为空间平面(图1)。空间平面可由空间不在一直线上的三个点,或两相交直线,或一对平行直线来确定其空间位置。表示空间任意平面的常用形式有两种,一种是用两投影角来表示(图2),另一种是用一投影角和相应的两面角来确定(图3)。     

Miner公式和Manson-Coffin公式的能量基础

在结构疲劳寿命计算中,Palmgrem-Miner理论(简称Miner理论或Miner公式)是应用最广泛的线性累积损伤理论,而Manson-Coffin公式则是局部应力应变法中十分重要的应变-寿命关系式。对于这两个常用的公式,统一从能量—寿命关系出发进行了验证。揭示了它们的能量基础和相互关系。     

正态分布置信检验方法

正态母体特征值(母体均值、百分位值、百分率、标准差和变异系数等)的检验是工程中常见的问题。本文根据置信检验理论,建立了正态母体特征值的置信检验方法,包括母体均值、百分位值、百分率、标准差和变异系数的强检验、弱检验和弱强检验,可以满足不同的实际需求。置信检验克服了显著性假设检验在接受原假设时缺乏说服力的弱点,能够以高概率判断正态母体特征值是否满足工程中规定的条件。不但比传统的正态分布假设检验和抽样检验具有更高的精度,而且更加便于应用,许多假设检验和抽样检验难以处理的问题(如母体百分率和百分位值的检验),采用置信检验可以容易地得到解决。      

基于对数正态分布第k试验寿命的分散系数法

针对发动机构件寿命试验评估中对寿命分散系数计算公式与不同取值的需求,本文导出了寿命符合对数正态分布、基于任意第k试验寿命分散系数计算公式。并给出置信度为0.95、可靠度为99.87%、母体对数正态标准差lσgN=0.13时的寿命分散系数。本文基于最差试件寿命的分散系数与已有文献一致,而基于最好试件寿命分散系数较已有文献更为合理;采用本文公式可得到任意给定置信度、可靠度、寿命分散条件下的寿命分散系数,可供工程上评估构件寿命时使用。      

Detail fatigue rating method based on bimodal Weibull distribution for DED Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V titanium alloy

Previous studies have shown that the fatigue life distribution of metal materials fabricated with Additive Manufacturing(AM) methods, such as Direct Energy Deposited(DED) Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V alloys, exhibits two peaks. To promote the application of AM in aerospace and other engineering fields, developing a fatigue strength evaluation method suitable for AM materials based on their unique fatigue behaviours and fatigue life distributions is necessary. In this paper, a novel Detail Fatigue Rating(...     

搭接缝焊接头疲劳强度的断裂力学分析

从线弹性断裂力学的角度出发,用一个断裂力学参数Kθ来表征缝焊接头的疲劳强度,并用有限元法对影响Kθ的各种因素进行了分析,得出了计算Kθ的经验公式。通过疲劳试验,得到两种材料(GH150和1Cr18Ni9Ti)缝焊接头的△K-N曲线,运用△K-N曲线可以更准确地估算各种复杂形式的缝焊接头的疲劳寿命。      

某Ⅰ级涡轮盘低循环疲劳寿命试验研究

为了确定某Ⅰ级涡轮盘的技术寿命,根据该盘的标准循环载荷谱,对该盘进行了应力分析,确定在标准循环时该盘中心孔与径向销孔相交处为考核部位。为模拟标准循环时该盘在其考核部位的应力谱,专门设计了该Ⅰ级涡轮盘的试验转子及试验参数,在轮盘低循环疲劳试验器上,对该Ⅰ级涡轮盘的一个旧盘进行了高温低循环疲劳试验。试验结果表明：该旧盘低循环疲劳试验至第６０４７ 次循环时,有５ 个销孔考核部位出现了裂纹。断口分析表明：该旧盘剩余的试验低循环疲劳失效寿命为６０４７ 周     

High-cycle fatigue behavior of Co-based superalloy 9CrCo at elevated temperatures

A modified model is developed to characterize and evaluate high-cycle fatigue behavior of Co-based superalloy 9CrCo at elevated temperatures by considering the stress ratio effect. The model is informed by the relationship surface between maximum nominal stress, stress ratio and fatigue life. New formulae are derived to deal with the test data for estimating the parameters of the proposed model. Fatigue tests are performed on Co-based superalloy 9Cr Co subjected to constant amplitude loading at four stress ratios of 1, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.9 in three environments of room temperature(i.e., about 25 °C) and elevated temperatures of 530 °C and 620 °C, and the interaction mechanisms between the elevated temperature and stress ratio are deduced and compared with each other from fractographic studies. Finally, the model is applied to experimental data, demonstrating the practical and effective use of the proposed model. It is shown that new model has good correlation with experimental results.     

LC9材料S—N曲线的测定及数据处理

根据ＬＣ９疲劳试验情况，阐述了Ｓ－Ｎ曲线的测定、绘制及数据处理方法；简要介绍了ＬＣ９应力集中系数５的疲劳特征，及在指定寿命（Ｎ＝１０＾７）下的条件平均疲劳极限值。     

有机玻璃疲劳裂纹扩展表达式及控制参量

将用于建立金属材料疲劳裂纹扩展关系式的静态断裂模型引入有机玻璃裂纹扩展行为的研究中,得到了在近门槛区、中部区和快速扩展区都能较好地与实验结果相吻合的疲劳裂纹扩展速率表达式。该关系式揭示了疲劳裂纹扩展速率和应力强度因子与弹性模量、门槛值和断裂韧性之间的内在关系,式中不含无明确物理意义的待定系数,是较为完善的表达式。认为有机玻璃疲劳裂纹扩展的控制参量为 :有效应力场强度因子、门槛值与断裂韧性之比值及最大应力场强度因子与断裂韧性之差。     

基于应变的结构疲劳寿命概率模型

对航空铝合金7050-T7451疲劳试验数据进行统计分析,得出其对数寿命的标准差与均值近似呈线性关系。在此基础上建立了高循环疲劳和低循环疲劳都适用的基于应变的疲劳寿命概率模型,进一步根据对数寿命均值的置信下限和标准差的置信上限给出了置信水平0.95的概率模型,并应用该模型进行了某航天器机械臂的疲劳可靠性分析,得到了其寿命分布及可靠度水平0.9987的臂管寿命。     

2024-T351铝合金搅拌摩擦搭接焊接头疲劳性能与寿命预测

通过实验观察2024-T351铝合金搅拌摩擦搭接焊接头焊缝附近区域的焊缝横截面形貌及金相组织。观察表明搅拌摩擦搭接焊接头前进侧与后退侧存在形状不对称的钩状缺陷。将搅拌摩擦搭接焊接头在MTS材料实验机上进行恒幅疲劳加载,得到名义应力幅S-N曲线。根据实验结果建立搭接接头的弹塑性有限元模型,利用SWT疲劳损伤公式和应力集中区域循环应力应变有限元分析结果数据,预测搭接接头疲劳寿命,并将寿命预测结果与实验结果进行对比。结果表明:在低周疲劳寿命范围内,采用SWT疲劳损伤公式对搅拌摩擦搭接焊接头的预测结果与实验结果接近,误差均在2个因子内,但对高周疲劳寿命的预测结果存在较大误差。分析表明,搭接接头的应力集中程度比有效厚度对疲劳寿命的影响更大。     

Individual aircraft life monitoring: An engineering approach for fatigue damage evaluation

Individual aircraft life monitoring is required to ensure safety and economy of aircraft structure, and fatigue damage evaluation based on collected operational data of aircraft is an integral part of it. To improve the accuracy and facilitate the application, this paper proposes an engineering approach to evaluate fatigue damage and predict fatigue life for critical structures in fatigue monitoring. In this approach, traditional nominal stress method is applied to back calculate the S-N curve parameters of the realistic structure details based on full-scale fatigue test data. Then the S-N curve and Miner’s rule are adopted in damage estimation and fatigue life analysis for critical locations under individual load spectra. The relationship between relative small crack length and fatigue life can also be predicted with this approach. Specimens of 7B04-T74 aluminum alloy and TA15M titanium alloy are fatigue tested under two types of load spectra, and there is a good agreement between the experimental results and analysis results. Furthermore, the issue concerning scatter factor in individual aircraft damage estimation is also discussed.     

Fatigue behavior of direct laser deposited Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V titanium alloy and its life distribution model

The present work aims to investigate the fatigue behavior of Direct Laser Deposition (DLD) Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V titanium alloy under constant amplitude stress. 22 pieces of DLD Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V titanium alloy standard cylinder specimens were tested under a stress level of 800?MPa with a stress ratio of 0.06. Fatigue fractography and fatigue life data were obtained. Through the fracture surface analysis, the specimens were divided into two categories in accordance with the location of crack initiation and defect types. Comparison of fatigue life and behavior between two specimen types was given, which was followed by a discussion about the impact of defect type, size and position on the fatigue life of the specimen. The fatigue test results also show a large variation of fatigue life. To illustrate the statistical characteristics of the fatigue life, probabilistic analysis was performed, and a novel bimodal lognormal model was established. The model has a good fit with the experimental data and can reduce the scatter of the fatigue life significantly.