Open systems architecture solutions for military avionics testing

Raytheon makes extensive use of open systems architecture methods in developing special test equipment (STE) for testing military avionics equipment. Such use has resulted in significant cost and schedule savings in the development of production test equipment for radar and infrared systems. With open systems architectures, a test system can be assembled using COTS products. This brings economies of scale to test equipment, which is normally built in very low quantities. Therefore, the potential cost savings due to COTS usage is proportionately greater in STE than in the higher volume avionics systems that are tested. A second major benefit of using COTS products is that test system development schedule cycle time is greatly reduced. This paper describes the application of Open Systems Architectures (OSA) to avionics testing. The following major architectures are surveyed: VME bus, VXI bus, IEEE GPIB, IEEE 1149.1 JTAG test bus, 1553 Military Bus, Fibre Channel, and COTS Test Applications Software. We describe how the benefits of OSA have been extended at Raytheon into achieving vertical test commonalities. The flexibility of OSA can be exploited to provide an overall optimum test solution, taking all levels of test into account. For example, test systems can be tailored with COTS products to provide integrated methods for avionics tests at the module, unit, and system levels. Test systems can be configured to maximize the reuse of COTS hardware over all test levels. Test software can also be programmed to optimize such reuse over levels of test. Additional test verticality synergies derived from such OSA usage are described, including: test false alarm avoidance; test cones of tolerance optimization; and efficient test of field returns     

轴系刚度对新型空气动力负载模拟器的影响

新型空气动力负载模拟器是在传统的电液负载模拟器上增加一个位置同步马达,补偿由舵机主动转动产生的位置扰动。理论和实验研究表明 ,由于同步马达与加载马达之间,舵机马达与加载马达之间不可避免地存在机械连接环节 ,即使同步马达与承载马达完全保持位置同步,加载马达轴和壳的相对速度以及多余力矩也不能百分之百被消除。     

飞机接口组件仿真器设计

飞机接口组件仿真器主要完成对飞机航电系统中的非1553B总线信号设备的仿真。按要求产生相应的离散量信号、模拟量信号、同步机信号等非1553B总线信号传给总线控制/信号转换器(BC/IFU)。是飞机航电系统仿真试验室进行全系统仿真关键设备。     

Motion synchronization in a dual redundant HA/EHA system by using a hybrid integrated intelligent control design

This paper presents an integrated fuzzy controller design approach to synchronize a dis-similar redundant actuation system of a hydraulic actuator (HA) and an electro-hydrostatic actu-ator (EHA) with system uncertainties and disturbances. The motion synchronous control system consists of a trajectory generator, an individual position controller for each actuator, and a fuzzy force tracking controller (FFTC) for both actuators. The trajectory generator provides the desired motion dynamics and designing parameters of the trajectory which are taken according to the dynamic characteristics of the EHA. The position controller consists of a feed-forward controller and a fuzzy position tracking controller (FPTC) and acts as a decoupled controller, improving posi-tion tracking performance with the help of the feed-forward controller and the FPTC. The FFTC acts as a coupled controller and takes into account the inherent coupling effect. The simulation results show that the proposed controller not only eliminates initial force fighting by synchronizing the two actuators, but also improves disturbance rejection performance.     

An Automatic Timing Receiver System Based on the Loran-C Navigational Network

This paper describes some new concepts in dealing with the circuitry for Loran-C automatic timing systems. The conventional analog techniques associated with phase-adjusting networks have been replaced by an incremental digital phase-shifting device. The Loran-C period generator includes facilities for delay compensation by means of an epoch monitor producing a 1-Hz output coincident with the master station TOC (time of coincidence). The required initial time information has to be accurate within ± 20 ms. The automatic format identification and decoding equipment together form a system which takes into account the information of every Loran-C pulse. Owing to the use of digital signal treatment, the synchronization accuracy is limited only by the resolution of the incremental phase shift. The automatic cycle selection device is based on sampling techniques where the derivative of the envelope is calculated. The time of coincidence has to be precalculated and fed into the thumbwheel memory of the epoch monitor, which is automatically initiated when the synchronizing operations are concluded. For VLBI purposes and transcontinental use, the accuracy of this system will be better than 1 ?s when post corrections, supplied by the U.S. Naval Observatory, are taken into account.     

IEL&HIRF传递函数分析预测与系统定义

讨论闪电间接效应和高强度辐射场的飞机传递函数的同步测量与分析计算,论述飞机系统设备对闪电间接效应或高强度辐射场响应的分析预测方法,说明系统定义中电磁兼容及设备电磁防护的设计方法。     

多台同步可靠性增长模型存在的问题

探讨多台可靠性增长模型的统计意义,指出多台同步纠正可靠性增长试验丢掉了本可得到的大量的试验信息,失去了统计试验意义,其 AMSAA-BISE模型不能成立,多台同步试验方法不可取     

一种SDH光纤传输系统设备时钟的研究与实现

介绍了一种具有很高频率和相位稳定度的ＳＤＨ设备时钟的构成及设计原理，并给出了有关的测试结果，测试结果表明，该ＳＤＨ设备时钟对时钟基准具有很好的跟踪特性。     

Transient Frequency-Error Statistics in Acquisition of Noiseless First-Order Phase Lock Loop

After a certain time interval from the appearance of a reference signal in a synchronizing system employing a first-order phase lock loop (PLL), the probability that the output frequency error will be higher than a maximum tolerated value is determined. The system is assumed to be noise free.     

无线时间同步的TDOA室内定位系统

为获得高精度的定位结果,无线定位系统中通常需要对基站进行精确的时间同步,因此提出了一种利用无线信号完成基站间时间同步的方法。首先建立了定位观测量模型,分析了系统定位原理,基于定位原理分析提出了一种基站间无线时间同步方案和固定偏差校正方法。而后给出了到达时间差(TDOA)定位算法及其改进方法。最后给出了基于以上原理的定位系统设计和实现方案。在实际场景下的试验验证结果表明,所提出的方案可以实现基站间的无线时间同步,并给出正确的用户终端定位结果。     

双口RAM在航天伺服系统中的应用

航天伺服系统中数据传输具有高速实时等特性，针对采用双口RAM进行并行数据传输时易发生冲突的问题，提出了一种新的数据传输机制。不同于现有握手等待和优先级抢占等方案，从最根本的分时访问总线和数据空间的角度出发，设计了一种同步分时访问机制，实现了无冲突访问数据的高速传输。基于该同步分时访问机制，设计了基于FPGA的双口RAM数据传输方案，并通过仿真验证了该方案的可行性。搭建了数据传输测试平台，设计了多种测试用例。经过测试表明，该双口RAM性能稳定，实现了零误码率数据的高速传输。     

测绘导航高精度定位关键技术及应用

人工智能(AI)、卫星导航及室内定位三大技术的快速发展持续推动测绘科技向智能化、学科交叉、信息融合的方向发展。指出了装备虚拟化与数据处理多样化将成为测绘导航的基本形态，拓展了测绘学科的内涵与外延。智能滤波是未来测绘导航定位理论发展的重要方向，AI芯片将成为测绘导航装备的关键部件，从而提高滤波效率与产品的实用性。给出了车载导航模组研制的技术流程，提出了模组原始信息同步采集与延时补偿、自适应定位算法及嵌入式固件时间分片优化等关键技术，研制了覆盖分米、厘米及毫米级定位精度的无缝组网定位、车载导航及变形监测模组，并研发了相应的终端系统，针对相应的应用领域，给出了各自应用的解决方案，以及具体的应用案例。     

一种FMCW SAR地面运动目标谱图域参数估计方法

对调频连续波(FMCW)合成孔径雷达(SAR)地面运动目标的参数估计方法进行了研究,采用相位中心偏置天线(DPCA)技术对地杂波进行抑制,分析了载机及地面运动目标连续运动对回波信号的影响,推导了采用DPCA技术引入的回波慢时间包络(STE)项与地面运动目标参数之间的关系。在此基础上,提出了一种地面运动目标谱图域参数估计方法,该方法首先利用Radon变换在谱图域估计导致回波信号距离走动的目标等效径向速度,并对距离走动进行校正;其次,在谱图域中提取运动目标回波幅度,根据STE项引起的回波幅度变化与目标方位向速度之间的关系,估计目标的方位向速度,并进一步求解相应的目标径向速度。所提方法能够在谱图域完成地面运动目标二维速度估计,最后的仿真实验验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。     

励磁系统仿真模型校正技术研究

励磁控制系统作为同步发电机的重要组成部分,主要作用是向同步发电机的定子绕组提供一个可控的直流电流(电压),维持机端电压恒定,满足同步发电机的正常发电需要。通过发电机组控制系统模型,及时校正机组仿真模型,对异常响应进行预警排查,能够有效提高系统运行的稳定性。在MATLAB中搭建了一种以外部仿真机作为励磁调节器的单机无穷大系统仿真模型,模拟励磁系统PID主环异常以及电力系统稳定器(PSS)辅环异常时的输出,与理论值进行对比分析,能够及时确定故障原因和部位,实现故障维修。     

System Considerations for the New DME/P International Standard

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has completed technical standards for the precision distance measuring equipment (DME/P). The DME/P is an integral element of the microwave landing system (MLS) and will provide the precision ranging function to complement the already standardized azimuth and elevation guidance functions of the system. In 1978 an ICAO meeting concluded that the DME/P should be integrated into the existing standards for the conventional DME (DME/N) as a compatible service. The motivation for this was economic. It was reasoned that a single L-band airborne unit could satisfy the need for both existing enroute and the new precision approach and landing services, thereby avoiding unnecessary duplication of on-board ranging equipment. Furthermore, this approach would permit existing conventional airborne equipment to obtain service from the new DME/P ground facilities at least during the initial stages of MLS implementation. These compatibility requirements were later incorporated into the DME/P statement of operational requirements which was accepted at an ICAO meeting in April 1981. Further, they have been a primary focus in the DME/P standardization effort which has been actively pursued since late 1980. The conceptual design of the DME/P that evolved from the ICAO process is discussed here. The comptability issues are highlighted, and it is shown how they are accommodated in the system synthesis which also treats the obvious need for a guidance function of high integrity and robust performance in the severe multipath environment encountered in approach and landing operations.     

同步磁阻电机直接转矩控制系统研究

鉴于矢量控制对电机参数依赖性强的问题,借鉴现有永磁同步电机数学模型及其直接转矩控制的相关理论,分析同步磁阻电机的数学模型,提出了同步磁阻电机的直接转矩控制方法,包括空间电压矢量的计算、磁链和转矩的滞环控制等;并基于位置信息的估算,设计了速度的闭环控制器。构建了系统的仿真模型,并对电机的稳态和动态性能进行了仿真分析。由仿真结果可知,所提方法设计的系统能够在较宽的转速范围内变速运行。     

A Family of SHF Tactical Satellite Communication Ground Terminals

On February 8, 1969, an experimental tactical communications satellite, TACSAT I, was successfully placed in synchronous orbit at the equator off the coast of South America. This paper concerns itself with a family of SHF tactical satellite communications ground terminals utilizing the SHF capability of that satellite. The material presented provides the system concepts necessary for the understanding of the ground terminals, their relationship to the satellite, and some insight into the design problems encountered during the development of a family of five types of terminals. The system concepts are presented in terms of communication modes, frequency assignments, and implementation of the respective modes. The beacon system for frequency control and signal acquisiticn siticn is described along with the factors involved in design of equipment implementing the analog FM, the alert message, frequency hopping, and, differential phase-shift keyed (DPSK) modes. The final configurations of each of the five terminals are described and illustrated through photographs and generalized block diagrams, and the capability of each is briefly outlined.     

大功率高速同步电机暖机进程及顶升油泵系统测试分析

根据长输管道大功率高速同步电机暖机进程及顶升油泵系统现状,对机组暖机进程进行测试并跟踪分析,发现暖机进程与同步电机过临界转速时振动值的相关度不高,暖机时间可以进行减少或取消。对同步电机顶升油泵系统进行测试,分析取消顶升油泵时同步电机振动、温度、起停机时间等的变化情况。试验结果表明,可降低顶升油泵联锁停泵转速。     

RFID技术在军事试验装备管理中的应用

针对传统军事试验装备管理在效率、实时性、可靠性等方面存在的问题,本文提出了一种基于RFID技术设计和实现智能化试验装备管理系统的方法。在对此系统组成与功能进行总体设计的基础上,着重对系统的硬件模块、软件模块进行了详细设计。实际工程应用结果表明,该管理系统能够实现军事试验装备的自动识别和管理,显著提高装备管理的效率和水平,从而实现装备管理智能化。     

基于模糊滑模观测器的永磁同步电机进给系统速度估计

为解决目前伺服系统中采用机械位置传感器所存在的诸多缺点,提出一种用于永磁同步电机(PMSM)进给系统的模糊滑模速度观测器,实现无速度传感器控制。针对传统滑模观测器的抖振问题,采用Sigmoid函数代替传统理想开关函数,并引用模糊控制器自适应调整滑模增益以减小抖振,实现软切换连续控制。估计反电动势可以直接由控制函数的输出获得,省略了传统观测器中的低通滤波器和相角补偿。利用李亚普诺夫函数证明了设计的滑模观测器的渐进稳定性。仿真结果表明:设计的模糊滑模观测器能够对PMSM转子速度进行精确辨识,并有良好的动、稳态性能。