Containment ability and groove depth design of U type protection ring

High-energy rotor uncontained failure can cause catastrophic damage effects to aircraft systems if not addressed in design. In this paper, numerical simulations of three high-energy rotor disk fragments impacting on U type protection rings are carried out using LS-DYNA. Protection rings with the same mass and different groove depths are designed to study the influence of the groove depth. Simulation results including kinetic energy and impact force variation of single fragment are presented. It shows that the groove depth infects both the axial containment ability of the protection ring and the transfer process of energy. The depth of groove ought to be controlled to an appropriate value to meet both the requirement of axial containment and higher safety factor. Verification test on high-speed spin tester has been conducted and shows that protection ring with appropriate U structure can resist the impact of the disk burst fragments. The ring is inflated from a circular to an oval-triangle shape. The corresponding simulation shows good agreement with the test.     

An effective crack position diagnosis method for the hollow shaft rotor system based on the convolutional neural network and deep metric learning

In recent years, the crack fault is one of the most common faults in the rotor system and it is still a challenge for crack position diagnosis in the hollow shaft rotor system. In this paper, a method based on the Convolutional Neural Network and deep metric learning (CNN-C) is proposed to effectively identify the crack position for a hollow shaft rotor system. Center-loss function is used to enhance the performance of neural network. Main contributions include: Firstly, the dynamic response of the dual-disks hollow shaft rotor system is obtained. The analysis results show that the crack will cause super-harmonic resonance, and the peak value of it is closely related to the position and depth of the crack. In addition, the amplitude near the non-resonant region also has relationship with the crack parameters. Secondly, we proposed an effective crack position diagnosis method which has the highest 99.04% recognition accuracy compared with other algorithms. Then, the influence of penalty factor on CNN-C performance is analyzed, which shows that too high penalty factor will lead to the decline of the neural network performance. Finally, the feature vectors are visualized via t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE). Naive Bayes classifier (NB) and K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm (KNN) are used to verify the validity of the feature vectors extracted by CNN-C. The results show that NB and KNN have more regular decision boundaries and higher recognition accuracy on the feature vectors data set extracted by CNN-C, indicating that the feature vectors extracted by CNN-C have great intra-class compactness and inter-class separability.     

Attitude Control Considering Variable Input Saturation Limit for a Spacecraft Equipped with Flywheels

A new attitude controller is proposed for spacecraft whose actuator has variable input saturation limit. There are three identical flywheels orthogonally mounted on board. Each rotor is driven by a brushless DC motor (BLDCM). Models of spacecraft attitude dynamics and flywheel rotor driving motor electromechanics are discussed in detail. The controller design is similar to saturation limit linear assignment. An auxiliary parameter and a boundary coefficient are imported into the controller to guarantee system stability and improve control performance. A time-varying and state-dependent flywheel output torque saturation limit model is established. Stability of the closed-loop control system and asymptotic convergence of system states are proved via Lyapunov methods and LaSalle invariance principle. Boundedness of the auxiliary parameter ensures that the control objective can be achieved, while the boundary parameter’s value makes a balance between system control performance and flywheel utilization efficiency. Compared with existing controllers, the newly developed controller with variable torque saturation limit can bring smoother control and faster system response. Numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the controller.     

10 kW超高速永磁电机三维瞬态温度场计算

为了考察电机在装配螺旋槽水冷套时对转子的冷却效果,针对1台功率10 kW、额定转速90 000 r/min的超高速永磁电机,采用有限元方法对电机三维温度场进行了研究,考虑了定子铁损、定子铜损,转子铁损和转子风摩擦损耗的影响。结果表明:定转子小间隙内的空气对转子起到了类似“热密封”的作用,当转子损耗功率较大时,仅依靠螺旋槽水冷套并不能有效地冷却转子,还必需辅以定转子小间隙的强迫空气冷却,以进一步降低转子温度。研究结果为大功率高速永磁电机热设计提供了重要参考依据。     

安装节刚度对发动机整机耦合振动的影响分析

以带机匣的航空发动机转子试验器为研究对象，建立了模拟实际发动机安装条件下试验器的整机有限元模型。对试验器进行了整机模态试验，并利用试验器的模态试验结果对有限元模型进行了修改和验证。在此基础上，仿真计算了自由安装边界、固定安装边界和不同安装节刚度的弹性安装边界的试验器前3阶固有频率和模态振型，通过定义转静耦合因子，研究了安装节刚度对试验器转子、静子耦合程度的影响。结果表明:模态振型的转子、静子耦合程度越高，安装条件对该阶模态影响越大，并且安装节刚度对转子、静子耦合程度影响是非线性的。由于实际大型涡扇发动机的在很多模态下均存在转子、静子耦合现象，因此安装节的刚度对转子、静子耦合作用的影响不容忽视，在有限元建模和仿真计算中需要仔细考虑。      

Numerical evaluation of tandem rotor for highly loaded transonic fan

Transonic tandem rotor was designed for highly loaded fan at a corrected tip speed of 381m/s and another conventional rotor was designed as a baseline to evaluate the loading superiority of tandem rotor with three-dimensional (3-D) numerical simulation. The aft blade solidity and its impact on total loading level were studied in depth. The result indicates that tandem rotor has potential to achieve higher loading level and attain favorable aerodynamic performance in a wide range of loading coefficient 0.55~0.68, comparing with the conventional rotor which produced a total pressure ratio of 2.0 and loading coefficient of 0.42.      

计及高次谐波影响的高密度永磁同步电机铁耗计算

在经典Bertotti三项式常系数铁耗计算模型的基础上,基于谐波分析原理,引入涡流损耗、磁滞损耗和附加损耗补偿系数,提出了一种计及高次谐波影响的高密度永磁同步电机(PMSM)铁耗计算模型。该模型中的补偿系数均随磁密幅值、频率和畸变率变化,能较好地反映基波及谐波磁场对铁耗的影响。为了验证该模型的有效性及准确性,以48槽/8极内转子和36槽/48极外转子两台PMSM为研究对象,将模型的计算值、有限元仿真结果和试验数据进行对比分析。结果表明,铁耗计算模型有较高的精度,特别适用于磁密幅值与频率变化范围大的场合。     

Structurally coupled characteristics of rotor blade using new rigid-flexible dynamic model based on geometrically exact formulation

In rotor dynamics, blades are normally modelled as a slender beam, in which elastic deformations are coupled with each other. To identify these coupling effects, new rigid-flexible structural model for helicopter rotor system is proposed in this paper. Finite rotations of the whole blade(on flapwise, lagwise, and torsional) are described as three global rigid degrees of freedom.The nonlinear deformation geometrics of the beam is built on geometrically exact beam theory.New expressions for blade ...     

盘式拉杆转子双稳态振动特性

针对盘式拉杆转子出现的"双稳态"振动故障,考虑拉杆转子特殊的结构形式以及各个接触面的接触效应对转子刚度的影响,将拉杆和接触面等效为一个具有非线性刚度项的抗弯弹簧,建立了拉杆转子的运动方程.利用谐波平衡法,同时引入预测校正算法和同伦算法,对拉杆转子的振动特性进行了计算.简化模型很好地重现工程实际中出现的"双稳态"振动特征.结果表明:由于结构上的不连续,各个接触界面的接触效应给整个转子结构引入了非线性因素是盘式拉杆转子"双稳态"特征出现的主要原因,通过调整系统参数的大小,可以避免"双稳态"区的出现.      

电动大巴车用永磁电机转子结构分析

针对大巴车用永磁电动机,通过有限元法分析了V型和V一型两种不同转子结构电机的转矩、交直轴电感、弱磁扩速能力及铁耗等性能,仿真不同转子结构的效率云图。通过对比分析不同转子结构的特点,最终选择出适合电动大巴车用驱动电机的转子磁路采用V型结构。     

转子碰摩振动响应的非线性时间序列分析

针对碰摩转子系统的非线性特性 ,采用动力学非线性时间序列分析的方法对其振动响应进行了分析研究。基于动力学重构的基本理论 ,对碰摩转子响应进行了状态空间重构。在此基础上 ,进一步对碰摩转子系统振动响应进行了相关维数的估计 ,不同的相关维数值表明了系统是处于周期或拟周期运动 ,还是处于含有拟周期的混沌运动 ,或者是明显的混沌运动。系统碰摩严重时的相关维数值会比碰摩较轻时的相关维数值大 ,进一步对实验数据的计算结果也证实了这一点。     

转子槽口深度和槽配合对异步电机转子损耗的影响

为了分析转子槽口深度及定转子槽配合对三相变频调速异步电动机转子损耗的影响,采用ANSYS Maxwell软件对1台空载损耗异常的10极、1 100 kW三相变频调速异步电动机转子损耗进行详细分析。通过建立不同转子槽口深度和定转子槽配合的电机模型,结合电机内谐波磁场的理论,对比分析了不同槽口深度和定转子槽配合的电机模型转子铁心与转子导条中的损耗。根据仿真分析结果,对该样机进行改进设计。样机试验结果表明仿真计算的正确性,可为相关电机的设计提供参考。     

旋转机翼对CRW飞机气动特性影响的动态试验研究

鸭式旋翼/机翼（CRW）飞机是一种新型复合升力飞机。旋转机翼的焦点位置、迎风面积随旋转机翼方位角剧烈变化,同时旋转机翼气动力受前机身上洗流影响明显,综合影响使得旋转机翼在旋转状态下全机气动特性随旋转机翼方位角剧烈变化。通过风洞试验对纵向气动特性进行了研究,结果表明：旋转机翼的升阻特性变化对全机升阻及俯仰特性的影响以振荡的形式表现,频率为旋转机翼的旋转频率,幅值都在固定翼状态稳态值的5%以上。     

高密度永磁同步电机的变参数等效磁网络分析

针对双“I”型转子结构的内置式高密度永磁同步电机(PMSM),基于MATLAB/Simulink平台提出了一种变参数等效磁网络法,充分考虑转子漏磁,且通过变参数环节,自动调节各部分磁导率,计算铁心饱和,提高了变参数等效磁网路法的计算准确性。利用该磁网络,分析了转子尺寸参数对电机空载电磁性能以及气隙磁密波形的影响,为高密度PMSM初步设计提供了一种有效快速的分析手段。     

上下游干涉对转子叶片颤振特性的影响

使用自行开发的非定常流动数值模拟程序,分别考虑上、下游叶排干涉作用对转子叶片的颤振特性进行了研究,分析尾迹和势干扰对气动阻尼的影响规律.对转子叶片表面非定常压力进行傅里叶变换,使用能量法计算气动阻尼,研究不同叶片排轴向间距下气动阻尼的变化.通过考虑转静干涉效应的气动阻尼与单转子结果对比,总结了干涉作用对叶片颤振特性的影响规律;结果表明:上游导叶与转子一倍弦长间距时,获得正气动阻尼,与单转子预测的气动弹性稳定性结果相反.说明在进行颤振特性预测时必须考虑转静干涉作用;尾迹和势干扰的强度均随着轴向间距值的减小而加强,且都会加剧叶片气动弹性失稳.      

Numerical investigation of full scale coaxial main rotor aerodynamics in hover and vertical descent

The original free vortex wake model was used for numerical investigation. Calculation of the aerodynamic characteristics in hover and vertical descent modes in the range of vertical descent speed of 0–30 m/s including the Vortex Ring State (VRS) area was performed. The calculations were carried out under the condition of variable blade pitch angle values providing a fixed time-average thrust value. Visualization data of free vortex wake shapes, flow structures, and velocity fields were obtained and analyzed. The time-dependences of the rotor’s thrust and torque coefficients were obtained and analyzed. The obtained data allows determining the boundaries of the VRS area by various criteria such as rotor thrust and torque pulsations, growth of rotor power consumption relative to the hover, growth of rotor induced velocities relative to the hover, and growth of the required rotor blade pitch angles values. The results of the study are compared with experimental and calculated data of other authors and can significantly supplement the available results of experimental and computational studies in this area.     

航空发动机风扇叶片冰雹撞击仿真

为预估航空发动机风扇转子叶片受到冰雹撞击后的损伤情况,基于PAM-CRASH软件进行冰雹撞击风扇转子叶片仿真。采用SPH方法和带失效应变的弹塑性材料模型建立冰雹数值模型,模拟冰雹撞击铝合金平板过程,仿真结果与试验数据吻合较好。针对冰雹撞击旋转状态风扇转子叶片试验,建立3维风扇转子有限元模型,使用带失效模型的J-C本构模型定义叶片材料性能,采用该冰雹模型对试验过程进行仿真,获得的冰雹撞击过程和叶片损伤与试验结果基本相同,叶片凹陷深度误差小于10%。仿真与试验结果对比表明:风扇叶片冰雹撞击仿真方法能够预估叶片被冰雹撞击后的损伤情况,可用于叶片抗冰雹撞击设计与评估。     

共轴式直升机双旋翼载荷计算模型研究

理论计算和实验测量表明,共轴式直升机在悬停、前飞状态下,上下旋翼桨盘处轴向诱导速度分布与单旋翼直升机的相类似,本文根据共轴式直升机双旋翼这一特点,引入气动力相互干扰因子,将单旋翼直升机一阶谐波形式的Pitt-Peters静态非均匀入流模型推广到共轴式直升机,建立了一种共轴双旋翼载荷计算模型,为共轴式直升机飞行动力学建模作前期准备。以某共轴双旋翼为研究对象进行载荷计算,并与国外计算结果进行了对比,两者吻合较好。      

电动汽车空调无位置传感器的内置式永磁同步电机控制研究

针对内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)无位置传感器的转子位置和速度估计的难点,提出了一种基于改进定子磁链观测器的转子位置、速度的估计方法。该方法结构简单,涉及电机参数少。通过引入有效磁链概念对IPMSM的电压方程进行等效变换,对两相静止坐标系下的反电动势进行积分。为了抑制反电动势的积分环节带来的积分饱和和直流漂移问题,设计了截止频率可以自动调节的低通滤波器来代替积分器。对于在低速时低通滤波器所带来的磁链幅值衰减和相位超前问题,利用饱和反馈对观测误差进行补偿。最后通过锁相环进行位置的估计。搭建了MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台。仿真表明:该方法能够实现对IPMSM全速度范围内的转子位置的高精度估计。     

基于参数化组件定义的复合材料旋翼桨叶结构优化设计

 为提高直升机复合材料旋翼桨叶结构设计效率,依据实际工程应用情况,提出了一种基于参数化组件定义的复合材料旋翼桨叶结构优化设计方法。以C型梁复合材料旋翼桨叶为研究对象,建立以精确的桨叶组件定义参数为设计变量的剖面优化和整体优化模型,通过桨叶的剖面优化确定出整体优化的初值,再由桨叶整体优化实现桨叶结构的最优设计。最后对某型主桨叶进行结构设计实例验证,结果表明该方法能够有效地实现直升机复合材料旋翼桨叶结构优化设计。