基于固有模态函数频域熵的目标检测算法

为提高海杂波中慢速目标的检测性能,提出了一种基于固有模态函数(IMF)频域熵的目标检测算法。该算法对原始信号经 EMD分解后得到的固有模态函数采用 Fourier变换,自动地提取其各个分量的频域能量,以此获得 IMF能量分布特点,再运用信息熵的方法构建检验统计量,并将其输入非参量检测器中进行目标检测。研究结果表明,相比于海杂波、海尖峰,慢速目标的能量分布更为分散,熵值更大,对比频域广义符号(GS)检测算法,所提 方法检测性能更优,适用于慢速目标检测。     

基于实测数据的海杂波与海面小目标特征分析

目标特性是雷达目标检测识别等精细化处理的基础。设计检测器主要是设计 1个检测统计量,使之在有无目标时有尽可能大的差别。经典的检测主要用幅度特性、相关性等。利用 X波段雷达 2~5级海况下航道浮标实测数据,分别对比分析海况连续变化下海杂波和海面小目标的时间相关性、空间相关性、相对平均幅度(RelativeAver-ageAmplitude,RAA)、相对多普勒峰高(RelativeDopplerPeakHeight,RDPH)和相对多普勒向量熵(RelativeVector Entropy,RVE)5种特征的变化情况。大量实测数据验证表明,随着海况等级增加,海杂波与海面小目标的时空强相关数值逐渐变小:2~5级海况下,RAA具有较好的可区分性;2~3级海况下,RDPH据有较好的可区分性,4~5级海况下区分效果不理想;5级海况下,RVE的具有较好的可分效果。结论对于海杂波背景下雷达目标特征检测方法优化设计具有重要意义。     

雷达海杂波时频谱特性分析

针对海杂波背景下目标检测问题的实际需求,整理分析了STFT、WVD、PWVD和SPWVD 4种常见时频分析方法及其优缺点,并基于实测数据对海杂波的时频处理结果进行了对比分析。分别对纯海杂波单元和目标单元实测数据进行处理,将利用4种时频分析方法得到的结果进行对比、分析和总结。对4种方法在时频分辨率、目标能量积累程度、对海杂波抑制能力和平滑程度上各自特点进行分析,并总结得到相应的结论。     

FRFT域能量谱模拟电路故障特征提取方法

故障特征提取是模拟电路故障诊断的关键技术之一,为了提高故障特征的可诊性,提出 1种基于分数阶傅里摘叶变换(Fractional Fourier Transform,FRFT)域能量谱的模拟电路故障特征提取方法。首先,采集测试节点电压信号并将其映射到不同的 FRFT域空间中(p从 0变化到 1);然后,计算所有 FRFT域空间中的能量谱峰值并将其作为故障特征;最后,将归一化后的特征用于训练最近邻分类器进行诊断验证。与现有的 FRFT故障特征提取方法相比,该方法减少了计算量,且提取的特征能够在所有 FRFT域中更全面地反映不同故障响应信号的细微差异,有利于提高故障特征的可分性。在仿真和物理电路上进行了验证,实验结果表明:所提方法能提高故障诊断准确率,且时间复杂度有明显改善。     

基于语谱图的管制员疲劳状态检测研究

在现阶段利用陆空通话语音对管制员的疲劳状态的研究中,大多只考虑了语音在时域或频域的变化,而忽视了疲劳会同时在时域与频域上产生影响。本文将三种疲劳状态下的陆空通话语音分别转化为可同时反应时域与频域特性的语音频谱图像,利用灰度共生矩阵（GLCM）提取四维典型的特征参数,对比管制员在不同状态下特征参数的变化情况,确认所选特征具有较好的区分度,将所选特征作为管制员疲劳检测模型的输入特征进行检测。结果表明：利用语谱图特征结合传统特征作为输入特征的检测准确率最高,达到95.49%,较单一使用传统特征的检测准确率高出4%;管制员疲劳状态的变化会直观地反映在语谱图上,并会对其特征值产生影响,利用这种影响对管制员疲劳状态进行检测,可以得到良好的检测结果。     

基于压缩协作表示的辐射源识别算法

针对低信噪比（SNR）条件下传统辐射源识别算法性能下降的问题,提出了基于压缩协作表示的识别算法,分别从特征提取和分类器设计两方面进行描述。首先将时域辐射源信号变换到二维时频域,通过图像处理方法提取高维特征列向量。经随机矩阵压缩到一定维度后,输入到提出的压缩协作表示分类器中得到识别结果。进而,对协作表示系数进行非负约束,提出了更符合实际应用场景的算法。仿真结果验证了所提算法的可行性与有效性,且在低信噪比条件下稳健性强、抗噪声干扰性能好、计算量较小、易于工程实现。     

无线电引信海面及目标多普勒回波仿真分析

频谱识别技术利用海面及目标回波的多普勒频差来滤除海杂波信号。为准确分析弹目交会时引信回波的多普勒频谱,采用了三维弹目交会模型对弹目不共面时引信回波进行模拟,利用等多普勒线划分海面区域进而计算海面回波多普勒频率,利用目标不同散射点合成的方法推导了目标回波多普勒频率的表达式,并在弹目飞行速率、弹目交会角及目标脱靶量等因素不同时对引信回波多普勒频率进行仿真,通过仿真分析得出了以上因素对引信回波多普勒频率的影响,并验证了频谱识别技术在不同交会条件下的有效性。     

基于图谱指标的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法

为了更准确地提取滚动轴承振动信号的非线性故障特征,将图信号处理(GSP)引入机械故障诊断领域,提出了基于图谱指标的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法。该方法将滚动轴承的振动信号转化为路图信号后,提取多个图谱指标;用Fisher得分(FS)算法对图谱指标的敏感度进行排序,并选取若干个最敏感的图谱指标作为滚动轴承的故障特征参数;用K-均值聚类算法识别滚动轴承的不同故障。应用实例表明:当分别选取1~5个最优的图谱指标、时域指标和频域指标对不同轴承故障进行识别时,图谱指标均没有出现错误,而时域指标和频域指标都出现了不同数量的错误,因此,图谱指标对轴承故障的区分能力优于时域指标和频域指标。     

利用分数阶Fourier域滤波的机载SAR多运动目标检测

 强度相差较大的多运动目标检测是机载合成孔径雷达 ( SAR)技术的一个重点和难点,传统的频域滤波和现代的时频分布方法都无法解决这个问题。首先分析了机载 SAR运动目标回波本质上为线性调频信号,据此提出一种基于分数阶 Fourier域滤波的运动目标检测新方法,并且应用逐次消去的思想有效地解决了强度相差较大的多目标检测问题。仿真的结果验证了算法的有效性。     

基于HHT的航空直流串行电弧特征提取方法

由于飞机内部布线空间有限、电弧故障存在发生时间地点随机以及特征不明显等问题，导致检测困难。本文基于航空270 V高压直流（HVDC）系统开展直流串行电弧故障特征提取方法研究，采用希尔伯特黄变换（HHT）提取电弧电流交流分量的时域和频域特征量。选择HHT的固有模态函数IMF5瞬时幅值的峰峰值和标准差作为识别电弧故障的时域特征，与原始信号中提取的时域特征量对比，正常和电弧特征量的区分度更大；选择HHT的固有模态函数IMF1+IMF2、一定频带范围内的瞬时幅值计算得到的谐波功率和作为区分正常和电弧情况的频域特征量。与常用的快速傅里叶变换（FFT）方法相比，HHT三维时频谱能够反映信号的局部特征，HHT方法计算得到的正常和电弧特征量之间的区分度更大，电弧和正常特征量的比值最高可达346。基于HHT的电弧故障特征提取方法能够更好地区分正常和电弧情况，有助于提高电弧故障的检测率，降低虚警率，具有重要的工程应用价值。     

基于深度神经网络的空中目标作战意图识别

传统基于空中目标特征状态推理作战意图的方法,需要大量的领域专家知识对特征状态的权重、先验概率等进行量化,明确特征状态与意图之间的对应关系,而神经网络可以在领域专家知识不足条件下,通过自身训练得到特征状态与意图之间的规则。针对反向传播（BP）算法在更新网络节点权值时收敛速度慢、容易陷入局部最优的问题,通过引入ReLU（Rectified Linear Unit）激活函数和自适应矩估计（Adam）优化算法,设计了基于深度神经网络的作战意图识别模型,提高了模型收敛速度,有效地防止陷入局部最优。仿真结果表明,所提方法能够有效识别空中目标作战意图,获得更高的识别率。     

Multiple moving target detection and trajectory estimation using a single SAR sensor

A novel methodology is presented for determining the velocity and location of multiple moving targets using a single strip-map synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensor. The so-called azimuth position uncertainty problem is therefore solved. The method exploits the structure of the amplitude and phase modulations of the returned echo from a moving target in the Fourier domain. A crucial step in the whole processing scheme is a matched filtering, depending on the moving target parameters, that simultaneously accounts for range migration and compresses two-dimensional signatures into one-dimensional ones without losing moving target information. A generalized likelihood ratio test approach is adopted to detect moving targets and derive their trajectory parameters. The effectiveness of the method is illustrated with synthetic and real data covering a wide range of targets velocities and signal-to-clutter ratios (SCRs). Even in the case of parallel to platform moving target motion, the most unfavorable scenario, the proposed method yields good results for, roughly, SCR > 10 dB.     

基于时频分析的双通道SAR自旋目标检测

强地杂波背景给微动目标检测带来很大困难,为此在详细分析距离向压缩数据域自旋目标回波特性基础上,提出了基于双通道合成孔径雷达相位中心偏置天线(SAR/DPCA)和沿航迹干涉(ATI)杂波抑制的两类自旋目标检测方法,并作比较分析.在DPCA模式下,微多普勒频率沿频率(m-D)轴有一整体平移量,其与目标自旋中心的方位向坐标成...     

Automatic target recognition of time critical moving targets using1D high range resolution (HRR) radar

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging and Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) of moving targets pose a significant challenge due to the inherent difficulty of focusing moving targets. As a result, ATR of moving targets has recently received increased interest. High Range Resolution (HRR) radar mode offers an approach for recognizing moving targets by forming focused HRR profiles with significantly enhanced target-to-(clutter+noise) (T/(C+N)) via Doppler filtering and/or clutter cancellation. A goal of HRR ATR transition is the implementation and evaluation of algorithms exhibiting robustness under extended operating conditions (EOC). The public domain Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition (MSTAR) data set was used to study 1D template-based ATR development and performance. Due to the unavailability of a statistically significant moving ground target data set, this approach was taken as an interim step in assessing the separability of ground targets when using range only discriminants. This report summarizes the data and algorithm methodology, simulated performance results, and recommendations     

Quantitative SNR analysis for ISAR imaging using jointtime-frequency analysis-Short time Fourier transform

V.C. Chen recently presented an inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging technique using the joint time-frequency analysis (JTFA), which has been shown having a better performance for maneuvering targets over the conventional Fourier transform method. The main reason is because the frequencies of the radar returns of the maneuvering targets are time varying and a JTFA is a technique that is suitable for such signals, in particular a JTFA may concentrate a wideband signal, such as a chirp, while it spreads noise. We quantitatively study the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the ISAR imaging using one of the typical JTFA techniques, namely the short time Fourier transform (STFT). We show that the SNR increases in the joint time-frequency (TF) domain over the one in the time or the frequency domain alone both theoretically and numerically. This quantitatively shows the advantage of the JTFA technique for the ISAR imaging     

VIE-ODDM在电磁散射特性分析中的应用

在重叠型区域分解法的基础上,对体积分方程方法进行了改进,实现了基于区域分解法的体积分方程方法.通过几个算例,验证了这种算法占用内存小、迭代速度快,计算结果准确,具有分析电大尺寸目标电磁散射问题的能力.     

Target motion compensation in synthetic aperture radar

In a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) targets on the ground that are moving become smeared as a result of velocity components parallel to the motion of the radar and are moved to radically different angular positions if they have velocity components perpendicular to the motion of the radar. Methods for restoring moving targets to their correct size and position are described. The samples collected for SAR processing are frequency-modulated RF pulses. Mathematically this leads to spectra that are described by Fresnel integrals. For stationary targets, the spectrum is symmetrical around the origin. If there is a moving target in a range cell, its Doppler spectrum will be displaced from the origin and may undergo other changes as a result of its nonzero velocity. Proper compensation to locate the target at the correct position requires that the spectrum be translated to a position dependent on the along-track velocity rather than to the origin. From the central frequency, the along-range velocity component can be estimated and the length of the translation can then be found. After translation, the spectrum is converted back to the time domain and the customary SAR processing is performed     

Track-before-detect procedures for early detection of moving target from airborne radars

In this paper we present a family of track-before-detect (TBD) procedures for early detection of moving targets from airborne radars. Upon a sectorization of the coverage area, the received echoes are jointly processed in the azimuth-range-Doppler domain and in the time domain through a Viterbi-like algorithm that exploits the physically admissible target transitions between successive illuminations, in order to collect all of the energy back-scattered during the time on target (TOT). A reduced-complexity implementation is derived assuming, at the design stage, that the target does not change resolution cell during the TOT in each scan. The constant false alarm rate (CFAR) constraint is also englobed in the proposed procedures as well as the possibility of working with quantized data. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms have good detection and tracking capabilities even for high target velocities and low quantization rates.     

空中运动目标的识别和跟踪控制

针对空中运动目标的识别和跟踪,提出图像匹配算法和连通域算法相结合的方法。该方法主要用图像匹配算法获得目标的位置信息,当图像匹配算法失效时,则采用连通域算法重新捕获目标、获得图像模板。同时,为提高跟踪的实时性,采用最小二乘线性预测法来预测目标的运动轨迹。在实验室的目标跟踪系统平台上,该方法能够对运动目标进行稳定的识别和跟踪。