国内外导弹及航天器用结构复合材料的比较

本文主要讨论了国内外导弹和航天器用结构复合材料的最新发展,应用及发展趋势,并根据对国内外的情报调研和对比分析,提出我国航天器用结构复合材料的发展途径。     

先进复合材料在航天器及其运载工具上的应用

本文简述了国外先进复合材料在航天器及其运载工具上的应用状况,先进复合材料的高比强度、比刚度和可设计性等特点可明显地减轻航天器及其运载工具自身质量,提高有效载荷能力。此外,本文还简略地介绍了我国航天器应用复合材料的现状,并对今后发展提出建议。     

结构强度的模糊可靠性分析与计算

简述了模糊可靠性理论、有关定义并探讨了该理论在结构强度设计中的应用方法,最后以航天器复合材料舱段结构为例,把蒙特卡罗法和模糊可靠性理论结合起来,进行模糊随机可靠性分析和计算。     

航天器轻量化多功能结构设计与制造技术研究进展

轻质多功能结构是航天器装备实现轻量化的重要技术途径,本文针对航天器轻量化多功能结构设计与制造技术进行概述,重点介绍了高承载三维点阵结构、热变形稳定结构、智能折展结构、分离解锁结构、电磁隐身结构、以及复合材料新型连接技术等方面的现状及发展趋势,浅析了航天器装备新型结构研制面临的关键技术问题。     

航空航天用树脂基复合材料

文中叙述了复合材料在航空领域逐步推广应用的历史，复合材料使用的一般问题、高韧性材料的开发以及降低复合材料制造成本的途径。最后提及了复合材料在航天器上的应用简况。     

先进复合材料在飞机上的应用及发展

复合材料在航空航天器的应用正逐年上升,材料应用向着高性能方向发展,旨在追求高的减重效率。我国应重视制造技术的研究发展、生产改造和综合配套。     

中继卫星系统在我国航天测控中的应用

中继卫星系统高覆盖、数据传输能力强,是航天测控网的重要组成部分。随着我国中继卫星系统的建设和不断完善,其对优化我国航天测控网结构、提升中低轨道航天器测控能力的作用日益明显。本文结合中继卫星系统的特点,分析了我国航天测控任务对中继卫星系统的应用需求,提出了在运载火箭测控、航天器入轨段测控、载人航天测控、卫星在轨长期管理等方面开展中继卫星系统应用的思路,梳理了运载火箭测控、航天器入轨及早期轨道段测控、飞船返回段测控、多址链路测控等方面需要解决的关键技术。     

碳纤维复合材料与金属的钎焊试验研究

重点针对碳纤维复合材料与2种金属(钛合金、铌合金)采用含Ti钎料进行了真空钎焊试验,分析了钛合金、铌合金对含Ti钎料真空钎焊碳纤维复合材料与金属接头性能和质量的影响,并观察了碳纤维复合材料和钛合金、铌合金的连接界面的微观组织.研究结果对于碳纤维复合材料与金属的连接、结构优化设计及在重要航天器中的应用具有重要的参考价值.     

整体复合材料结构分层特性研究进展（一）

整体复合材料件越来越多地被用作现代航空航天器的主承力结构,而分层是其最易出现的破坏形式。本文作为整体复合材料结构分层特性研究综述的第一部分,重点介绍界面断裂力学和应力分析方法。论文首先对复合材料失效和分层研究进行了简要的回顾,然后详细介绍了界面断裂力学发展的历史、基本公式和在复合材料分层研究中的应用,并且介绍了几种界面裂纹尖端场的求解方法——J积分、修正的裂纹闭合积分（Modified Crack Closure Integral）和M积分法。其次,对应力分析在复合材料分层研究中的应用进行了简要的回顾。     

整体复合材料结构分层特性研究进展（二）

整体复合材料件越来越多地被用作现代航空航天器的主承力结构,而分层是其最易出现的破坏形式。本文作为整体复合材料结构分层特性综述的第二部分,重点介绍了虚拟裂纹闭合技术和内聚区模型。论文首先对虚拟裂纹闭合技术的发展历史、基本公式和进行数值计算时需要注意的问题进行了阐述,介绍了该方法在复合材料分层研究中的最近应用情况。其次,详述了内聚区模型的发展历史、本构关系、界面参数,并对最近的应用情况进行了介绍。     

磁强计在航天器上的应用与前景

随着科学的进步,磁强计已被广泛地应用于航天器.本文首先根据磁强计测量原理的不同,对其进行分类.分别介绍各类磁强计的物理测量原理,描述其特性、精度、适用范围.同时概括目前在航天器得到较广泛应用的磁强计.在此基础上,进一步具体分析磁强计作为卫星载荷、姿态测量和控制以及自主导航轨道计算的方法、作用和特点.然后,针对这三个方面应用指出其在航天器上应用存在主要问题和关键技术.最后,对磁强计在航天器上的应用进行总结.同时对其未来的发展进行展望,磁强计在航天器上仍有着良好发展前景.     

Conception of spacecraft centralized power supply

A reliable power supply for spacecraft is one of the central problems determining the future development of space technology. The traditional solution to this problem implies having an autonomous power plant on board each spacecraft. The most widely used are power plants with solar cells. However, there exists an alternative power supply concept of using a centralized power supply system (CPSS) and power transmission to the user satellites by laser or microwave beams. Use of a CPSS has a number of advantages. In particular, it allows the spacecraft to increase power supply level and service life as well as to decrease the spacecraft mass and cost. However, it sets new physical and technical problems associated with long distance power transmission and requires some changes in spacecraft structure and concepts. The feasibility study of CPSS development and use has to rely on existing or firmly forecastable technologies. An attempt of such an analysis has been done by a group of scientists at Moscow State Aviation Institute during 1994-1996. The very first results have already been published. This paper discusses new results obtained lately regarding a space based CPSS     

Lightweight structure of a phase-change thermal controller based on lattice cells manufactured by SLM

Thermal controllers equipped with phase-change materials are widely used for maintaining the moderate temperatures of various electric devices used in spacecraft. Yet, the structures of amounts of thermal controllers add up to such a large value that restricts the employment of scientific devices due to the limit of rocket capacity. A lightweight structure of phase-change thermal controllers has been one of the main focuses of spacecraft design engineering. In this work, we design a lightweight phase-change thermal controller structure based on lattice cells. The structure is manufactured entirely with AlSi10 Mg by direct metal laser melting. The dimensions of the structure are 230 mm × 170 mm × 15 mm, and the mass is 190 g, which is 60% lighter than most traditional structures(500–600 g) with the same dimensions. The 3 D-printed structure can reduce the risk of leakage at soldering manufacture by a welding process. Whether the strength of the designed structure is sufficient is determined through mechanical analysis and experiments. Thermal test results show that the thermal capacity of the lattice-based thermal controller is increased by50% compared to that of traditional controllers with the same volume.     

ATS-6 Significance

The Applications Technology Satellite (ATS-6), the most powerful, most sophisticated, most versatile communications satellite flown to date, is the last of NASA's experimental satellites intended to demonstrate major advances in communications and spacecraft technology. It is a multipurpose, multidisciplinary spacecraft whose principal objectives were to demonstrate a large, unfurlable antenna structure and precise pointing and attitude control in the synchronous orbit The spacecraft carries 27 different experiments, 3 of which demonstrate users' applications of satellite communications. Significant advances in antenna technology, precise attitude control, materials technology, spacecraft structures, and thermal control have been successfully demonstrated. The most significant accomplishments of the ATS-6 mission are the demonstration of the practicality of satellite broadcasting to small, simple, inexpensive ground stations and the uses of this potential service in the solution of social problems involving education and health care. The success of these initial demonstrations has led ATS-6 experimenters and potential users to incorporate a Public Service Satellite Consortium dedicated to the provision of satellite broadcasting services for educational and health-care applications.     

固体膜润滑剂在飞船机构中的应用研究

针对空间飞行器对固体膜润滑剂的需求,研制了两种飞船机构上应用的固体膜润滑剂,分为舱外机构使用的BJ干膜润滑剂和舱内机构使用的GYM-8干膜润滑剂两类.通过对固体润滑剂、树脂体系的筛选,以及各组分之间的配伍研究,确定了最佳配方.其性能全部满足飞船机构耐高温、低温、真空、抗辐照特殊环境下的润滑要求,在飞船机构首次应用即获成功.     

无纵向温度变形的复合材料管的铺层设计

提出了无纵向温度变形的复合材料管子铺层设计的一种方法。通过对三类碳纤维／环氧复合材料的管子的实例计算表明：高模碳纤维,而不是极高模量碳纤维,更适合于航天结构的应用。     

CCSDS命令与数据获取业务应用分析

针对传统星载数据管理系统应用层与数据访问层耦合度高,应用软件进行设备访问时须了解底层硬件细节、软件复用率低等问题,研究了CCSDS(Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems,空间数据系统咨询委员会)制定的CDAS(Command and Data Acquisition Service,命令与数据获取业务)的功能、特点及其工作原理,结合新一代综合电子系统的硬件模块功能特点,深入分析了如何在综合电子系统中实现CDAS.CDAS已在某预研课题综合电子样机中应用,测试试验表明,CDAS应用于综合电子系统可以为上层应用提供便捷的设备访问服务,为综合电子系统实现任务规划等复杂功能提供有力的技术保障.     

深空探测器运行轨道的基本性态

要成功地发射一个深空探测器进入目标轨道,相应的运行过程基本上涉及3个阶段:近地停泊轨道运行段、转移轨道的过渡段和进入目标天体的绕飞段。它们各自的运行状态和相应的数学模型有所差别,特别是转移轨道段的运行特征与绕飞段的卫星轨道的典型特征之间的重大差别,在深空探测任务中受到广泛的重视,如平动点利用中的晕(Halo)轨道和引力加速的节能过渡等。然而,就太阳系而言,这些不同轨道之间有一共同的基本性态,那就是都可以用在牛顿万有引力定律制约下的开普勒轨道(或变化的开普勒轨道)来刻画。本文将针对上述不同运行段轨道对应的数学模型、研究方法和结果,结合我们所做的工作进行综述。     

非等强度多道冲击波作用下空泡溃灭机制分析

航空航天、生物医学等领域均存在冲击波与空泡作用问题,冲击波尤其是多道冲击波作用下空泡溃灭包含着复杂的多相瞬变行为与物理现象。基于自主搭建的可压缩多相流并行数值平台,对液体中单一/多道冲击波与空泡的作用过程进行了数值模拟。通过对冲击波作用下空泡内波系性质,以及多道冲击波与空泡作用后的系列反射波系在液体中的相互作用过程进行详细解析,分析了不同冲击波作用下空泡的形变演化过程,探究了空泡的溃灭机制与特性。研究发现,相较于单一冲击波的作用,多道冲击波作用下空泡内部及周围液体流场中的波系结构更为复杂,然而无论是单一冲击波或是多道冲击波工况,其最终诱发的空泡溃灭形态均十分相似。而且,当空泡发生溃灭前所受到多道冲击波的总强度与单一冲击波强度相等时,空泡的溃灭波强度也十分相近,为多道冲击波与空泡作用效果的定量化评估提供了理论基础和依据。     

An equivalent ground thermal test method for single-phase fluid loop space radiator

Thermal vacuum test is widely used for the ground validation of spacecraft thermal control system. However, the conduction and convection can be simulated in normal ground pressure environment completely. By the employment of pumped fluid loops’ thermal control technology on spacecraft, conduction and convection become the main heat transfer behavior between radiator and inside cabin. As long as the heat transfer behavior between radiator and outer space can be equivalently simulated in normal pressure, the thermal vacuum test can be substituted by the normal ground pressure thermal test. In this paper, an equivalent normal pressure thermal test method for the spacecraft single-phase fluid loop radiator is proposed. The heat radiation between radiator and outer space has been equivalently simulated by combination of a group of refrigerators and thermal electrical cooler(TEC) array. By adjusting the heat rejection of each device, the relationship between heat flux and surface temperature of the radiator can be maintained. To verify this method,a validating system has been built up and the experiments have been carried out. The results indicate that the proposed equivalent ground thermal test method can simulate the heat rejection performance of radiator correctly and the temperature error between in-orbit theory value and experiment result of the radiator is less than 0.5 C, except for the equipment startup period. This provides a potential method for the thermal test of space systems especially for extra-large spacecraft which employs single-phase fluid loop radiator as thermal control approach.