INMARSAT integrity channels for global navigation satellite systems

The transmission of integrity information using a signal format compatible with the Global Positioning System (GPS) and relayed through a geostationary satellite repeater, which will be critical in achieving high integrity and availability of global navigation by satellite is discussed. The inclusion of navigation repeaters designed to fulfil this function, the next generation of INMARSAT spacecraft, INMARSAT-3 is examined. The global navigation satellite system (GNSS) integrity channel (GIC) will employ pseudorandom codes in the same family as, but distinct from, the codes reserved by GPS. The data format of the basic integrity channel is designed to convey user range error information for 24 to 40 satellites. A closed-loop timing compensation technique will be used at the uplinking Earth station, to make the signal's clock and carrier Doppler variations identical to those that would result from an onboard signal source. Therefore, the INMARSAT-3 satellites will increase the number of useful navigation satellites available to any user, and can also function as sources of precise timing. There is also a possibility that wide area differential corrections can be carried on the same signal     

Future Trends in Military Communication Satellite Repeaters

The future development trends in military communication satellite repeaters will be dictated by greater spacecraft capability in terms of payload size, weight, power, and complexity, and attempts to better satisfy the satellite user's needs and desires. This paper presents the basic repeater configurations that have been employed and those that can be expected in the future, along with the user and development constraints on advanced repeater designs. The discussion points out the diverging trends in RF frequency to allow easy user pointing and provide greater capacity, the trend toward channelization within the repeater, and the various methods used to reduce susceptibility to interference. Examples are given of advanced repeaters, which demodulate and process received signals, which transmit and receive on the same frequency, and which route RF signals between antennas. Also discussed is the possibility of employing a large processing ground station and the impact of future repeater configurations on terminal designs.     

光纤通道交换网络WRR实时调度算法分析

 随着综合航电系统的发展,1553B总线已经不能满足发展的需要,光纤通道交换式网络作为新一代高性能网络通信协议被引入到航电系统中,其性能指标与整个航电系统的总体指标有着密切的关系.为了解决系统消息实时发送的问题,研究了光纤通道交换网络实时条件下加权轮询调度算法的通信性能,利用随机Petri网对光纤通道交换网络的调度过程进行了建模,通过对模型的仿真和分析,得到了数据传输量及传输时限变化时系统网络负载、延迟时间、超时消息所占比例等重要性能指标,并分析了调度算法的性能.仿真结果证明光纤通道交换式网络具有高速稳定性,加权轮询调度算法能够满足消息传输的实时性、公平性要求.     

Optimal Channelization in FDMA Communications

For most efficient performance in frequency-division multiple access (FDMA), a hard-limiting repeater should be operated completely channelized (i.e., each uplink carrier should be individually filtered and power-controlled prior to spacecraft limiting and downlink transmission). When there are a large number of uplink carriers involved, however, complete channelization is no longer feasible, and the uplink carriers must be grouped together (assigned frequencies), which allows joint filtering and amplification. In this correspondence, it is shown that an optimal grouping procedure always exists for minimizing required repeater power, no matter how many carriers and groups are to be used.     

测量船通信网络自检测方法

针对测量船通信网络由2层帧方式交换升级为3层包交换方式后无法使用上星自环检测方式实现自检测的问题,在分析通信网络自检测模式下的链路特性的基础上,提出基于组播报文实现自检测的构想。设计利用组播洪泛特性实现报文环回的网络拓扑结构以及实现检测与对比报文的硬件设备,阐述检测软件发送、接收、处理报文的流程,实现了网络通断、时延及丢包率的自检测,并通过模拟检测实验证明了设计方案是切实可行的。     

A New Exposed-terminal-free MAC Protocol for Multi-hop Wireless Networks

This article presents a new multichannel medium access control (MAC) protocol to solve the exposed-terminal (ET) problem for efficient channel sharing in multi-hop wireless networks. It uses request-to-send and clear-to-send (RTS/CTS) dialogue on a common channel and flexibly opts for conflict-free traffic channels to carry out the data packet transmission on the basis of a new channel selection scheme. The acknowledgment (ACK) packet for the data packet transmission is sent back to the sender over another common channel thus completely eliminating the exposed-terminal effects. Any adjacent communication pair can take full advantage of multiple traffic channels without collision and the spatial reuse of the same channel is extended to other communication pairs which are even within 2 hops from them. In addition, the hidden-terminal effect is also considerably reduced because most of possible packet collisions on a single channel are avoided due to traffic load balance on multichannels. Finally, a performance comparison is made between the proposed protocol and other typical MAC protocols. Simulation results evidence its obvious superiority to the MAC protocols associated with other channel selection schemes and traditional ACK transmission scheme as well as cooperative asynchronous multichannel MAC (CAM-MAC) protocol in terms of four performance indices: total channel utilization, average channel utilization, average packet delay, and packet dropping rate.     

样本标签污染条件下的雷达辐射源个体识别技术

针对辐射源个体识别(Specific Emitter Identification,SEI)中由于数据集存在错误标签导致识别率下降的问题,提出了 1种有监督和无监督融合的错误标签识别和纠正方法。首先采用无监督密度峰值聚类方法将数据集中出现的标签错误样本找出,再使用 K折交叉实验对这些标签异常的样本进行预测投票,将得票数多的标签作为错误标签纠正的结果。经过清洗的数据集再通过卷积神经网络进行训练,得到 1个较为理想的辐射源个体识别的网络模型,保证了在样本污染条件下,辐射源个体识别网络仍能具有较好的识别率。文章所提方法的识别率相比未经处理的数据集的识别率在标签错误率小于 30%时平均提高 3.3%;在标签错误率大于 30%时,也能使个体识别率达到 90%左右,验证了文章所提方法在对错误标签的识别和纠正上可以取得较好的效果。     

分布式单星转发的定位测速模型及其应用

在城市峡谷中通过接收导航卫星信号以实现连续的定位与测速一直是卫星导航应用中的一个难题。针对此问题,借鉴卫星导航对抗中转发式欺骗干扰的定位控制基本原理,提出了通过分布式单星转发来解决城市峡谷中实现连续卫星导航的新方法,并构建了分布式单星转发的定位测速模型。在此基础上详细讨论了转发器天线对被遮挡卫星的指向跟踪、转发器相关参数的获取、转发器收发之间的有效隔离、直达信号与转发信号的同时利用等应用性问题。所提出方法的可行性得到了仿真试验的有效验证,从而为城市峡谷中的卫星导航应用提供了新的参考。     

PWE3技术概述和参考模型

PWE3是IETF提出的一种基于IP或者MPLS分组交换网络传送仿真业务的技术。本文主要讨论PWE3的技术体系和各种参考模型,解释了PWE3体系中的常用术语,同时对各协议层的要素和功能作出了描述。     

A feedback-retransmission based asynchronous frequency hopping MAC protocol for military aeronautical ad hoc networks

Attacking time-sensitive targets has rigid demands for the timeliness and reliability of information transmission, while typical Media Access Control (MAC) designed for this application works well only in very light-load scenarios; as a consequence, the performances of system throughput and channel utilization are degraded. For this problem, a feedback-retransmission based asynchronous FRequency hopping Media Access (FRMA) control protocol is proposed. Burst communication, asynchronous Frequency Hopping (FH), channel coding, and feedback retransmission are utilized in FRMA. With the mechanism of asynchronous FH, immediate packet transmission and multi-packet reception can be realized, and thus the timeliness is improved. Furthermore, reliability can be achieved via channel coding and feedback retransmission. With theories of queuing theory, Markov model, packets collision model, and discrete Laplace transformation, the formulas of packet success probability, system throughput, average packet end-to-end delay, and delay distribution are obtained. The approximation accuracy of theoretical derivation is verified by experimental results. Within a light-load network, the proposed FRMA has the ability of millisecond delay and 99% reliability as well as outperforms the non-feedback-retransmission based asynchronous frequency hopping media access control protocol.     

适于长传播时延无线网络的快速预约按需发送MAC协议

为解决无线网络中长传播时延所带来的信道资源利用率低的问题,提出一种基于快速预约按需发送(FRODT)的媒质接入控制(MAC)协议.该协议利用中心控制节点(CCN),在两个信道上安排各节点的分组预约和发送,保证了各节点可以在一帧中无碰撞地发送一个或多个业务分组,并且各节点通过一次握手预约即可完成整个通信会晤的业务分组发送...     

Relay selection in cooperative communication systems over continuous time-varying fading channel

In this paper, we study relay selection under outdated channel state information (CSI) in a decode-and-forward (DF) cooperative system. Unlike previous researches on cooperative commu-nication under outdated CSI, we consider that the channel varies continuously over time, i.e., the channel not only changes between relay selection and data transmission but also changes during data transmission. Thus the level of accuracy of the CSI used in relay selection degrades with data transmission. We first evaluate the packet error rate (PER) of the cooperative system under contin-uous time-varying fading channel, and find that the PER performance deteriorates more seriously under continuous time-varying fading channel than when the channel is assumed to be constant during data transmission. Then, we propose a repeated relay selection (RRS) strategy to improve the PER performance, in which the forwarded data is divided into multiple segments and relay is reselected before the transmission of each segment based on the updated CSI. Finally, we propose a combined relay selection (CRS) strategy which takes advantage of three different relay selection strategies to further mitigate the impact of outdated CSI.     

Communication system architecture for planetary exploration

Future human missions to Mars will require effective communications supporting exploration activities and scientific field data collection. Constraints on cost, size, weight, and power consumption for all communications equipment make optimization of these systems very important. These information and communication systems connect people and systems together into coherent teams performing the difficult and hazardous tasks inherent in planetary exploration. The communication network supporting vehicle telemetry data, mission operations, and scientific collaboration must have excellent reliability and flexibility. We propose hybrid communication architectures consisting of space-based links, a surface-based deployable mid-range communications network and a cluster of short-range links to solve the problems of connectivity and bandwidth, while meeting the other constraints of weight and power. A network of orbiting satellites could cover much of the planet surface, but this space-based capability may not be optimal for cost or performance. Specifically, a minimal space-based capability can be augmented using mobile cellular repeaters deployable by robots and human EVA. This method results in an increase in the number of radio nodes, but the distances separating them is decreased. This results in a significant increase in bandwidth and decrease in radio power, and therefore, node size, complexity, and power consumption. This paper will discuss the results of field testing such hybrid radio systems for the support of scientific surveys. System analysis of design tradeoffs will yield insight into optimal solutions that will be compared to other approaches providing a method of effectively evaluating new candidate architectures     

AOS自适应帧长传输算法研究

以自适应帧长传输的高级在轨系统(AOS)为对象,从提高系统吞吐量出发,对包信道复用、虚拟信道(VC)复用及帧同步技术进行研究并提出相关的算法。包信道和VC复用算法可有效解决传统固定长度帧的生成与传输问题,降低复用时延,提高复用效率;帧同步算法则解决已有算法受帧长度标识误码影响较严重的问题,提升帧同步性能和数据处理可靠性。在分析、推导并仿真各算法性能公式和参数的基础上,对系统吞吐量性能进行仿真比较。结果表明,新算法能够很好地适应AOS自适应帧长系统,保证系统高吞吐量性能。     

光纤通道在航电设备中的应用和设计

随着信息技术的不断发展,现代战争对信息的传输和处理速度有了更高的要求。光纤通道作为新一代航电系统网络和总线新技术,它具有兼容性好、延迟低、可靠性高、传输速度快和传输距离远等优点,本文介绍了光纤通道的协议结构、拓扑结构、分类服务；并结合航空电子设备的具体需求,提出了应用光纤通道的方案。     

基于OTR和SHT的射频隐身雷达信号设计

为了提高雷达的射频(RF)隐身性能,结合最优匹配照射-接收机(OTR)理论与序贯假设检验(SHT)方法,提出了一种新的射频隐身雷达信号设计方法。通过发射信号了解外界环境信息,然后反馈这些信息给雷达系统,系统根据这些信息自适应设计雷达发射信号,形成一个闭环系统。以雷达目标识别为具体应用,实验仿真表明,设计的雷达信号自适应变化,减小了信号间的相关性,并且减少了照射次数,降低了辐射功率,从而实现了雷达系统的射频隐身性能。     

主动网络拓扑结构和操作系统伪装技术

详细介绍了一种新的基于欺骗的主动网络拓扑结构和操作系统伪装技术。通过linux系统内核驱动编程,拦截TCP/IP协议栈的数据包,根据操作系统的指纹库和网络伪装的策略改写报头信息,并跟踪会话信息,实现数据透明传输。通过大量伪装IP地址隐藏信息流向,保护重要主机;同时诱骗入侵者,及早发现入侵者。完成该伪装还需要伪装IP地址管理、动态地址分配和微路由技术的分工合作。     

基于最小跳数的无线传感器网络跨层设计

传统的严格分层参考模型无法实现对无线传感器网络资源的有效管理和运用,跨层设计是提高网络整体性能的一种有效方法。针对无线传感器网络能量、计算资源、存储资源和带宽资源有限的特点,提出一种基于最小跳数的路由层和MAC层的跨层协议设计方案。MAC层和路由层通过共享sensor节点到sink节点的最小跳数信息,在MAC层建立时间梯度,解决多个节点共享无线信道的问题;并在路由层建立路由表,解决路由选择问题。仿真结果表明,该方案在降低网络能耗的同时,在降低传输延迟,提高数据投递率方面也取得了良好的性能。     

适应拓扑变化的拥塞最小化网络更新策略

软件定义网络的出现推动了航空集群机载网络的发展，同时也为机载网络的一致性更新带来了挑战。针对拓扑变化导致的网络更新期间可用路径失效问题，提出适应拓扑变化的拥塞最小化网络更新策略。首先，为减少可用路径失效带来的数据包丢失，在更新之前采用重路由机制进行处理；然后，针对重路由机制可能引起的网络拥塞，设计了贪婪流迁移算法缓解拥塞；最后，通过瞬时拥塞最小化更新算法完成整个网络更新。仿真结果表明：与传统的拥塞一致性更新算法相比，所提更新策略用规则开销、瞬时网络拥塞方面的少量提高换取了网络更新期间数据包丢失的显著降低。     

Cross-layer design of LT codes and LDPC codes for satellite multimedia broadcast/multicast services

According to large coverage of satellites, there are various channel states in a satellite broadcasting network. In order to introduce an efficient rateless transmission method to satellite multimedia broadcasting/multicast services with finite-length packets, a cross-layer packet transmission method is proposed with Luby transform （LT） codes for efficiency in the network layer and low density parity check （LDPC） codes for reliability in the physical layer jointly. The codewords generated from an LT encoder are divided into finite-length packets, which are encoded by an LDPC encoder subsequently. Based on noise and fading effects of satellite channels, the LT packets received from an LDPC decoder either have no error or are marked as erased, which can be mod- eled as a binary erasure channels （BECs）. By theoretical analysis on LT parameters and LDPC parameters, the relationships between LDPC code rates in the physical layer and LT codes word lengths in the network layer are investigated. With tradeoffs between the LT codes word lengths and the LDPC code rates, optimized cross-layer solutions are achieved with a binary search algorithm. Verified by simulations, the proposed solution for cross-layer parameters design can provide the best transmission mode according to satellite states, so as to improve throughput performance for satellite multimedia transmission.