一株产黑色素芽孢杆菌的分离与鉴定

从人的头发样品中筛选出1株产黑色素芽孢杆菌ZH168.对该菌株形态、生理生化特征、16S rDNA基因序列及全细胞蛋白电泳研究结果表明,ZH168菌株为枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis.该菌产生的胞外黑色素在可见-紫外光区均有吸收,紫外区光吸收强,随着波长的减小,吸收增强,在210 nm左右有1个吸收高峰;红外光谱与合成的多巴黑色素很相近,具有黑色素吲哚结构的吸收峰.电子自旋共振谱是轻微不对称的典型单线一次微商波谱.综合以上结果确定该菌所产生的色素为黑色素.     

苜蓿内生菌中高效AHL降解菌的筛选和鉴定

从中国新疆、内蒙古和墨西哥等地分离苜蓿内生菌133株,平板筛选到8株细菌具有N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯(N-Acyl-L-homoserinelactone,AHL)降解活性,其中活性较强的菌株有r-12、r-9和R1.5.对8株AHL降解菌做AHL唯一碳源试验,结果发现菌株S35和N46在液体AHL唯一碳源培养基中生长情况较好,D_(600 nm)分别为0.415和0.386,菌株r-9的生长情况最差,D_(600 nm)为0.015.菌株R1.5还具有耐高温、耐盐碱、能分解无机磷、在无氮培养基上生长等优点.经细菌形态学观察、生理生化试验以及16S rDNA序列分析,初步确定菌株R1.5为1株地衣芽孢杆菌.     

利用PCR-DGGE技术快速检测鉴定饲用微生物

针对目前国内外对饲用微生物添加剂中多种微生物的检测缺乏简捷有效手段这一现实状况,通过PCR-DGGE方法建立了地衣芽孢杆菌Bacillus licheniformis、粪肠球菌Enterococcus faecalis、植物乳杆菌Lactobacillus plantarum、干酪乳杆菌Lactobacillus casei 4种标准菌株的分子指纹图谱,建立了一套这4种微生物的快速同步检测技术,并用该检测技术对市场上一种饲用微生物添加剂进行分析,结果判定其含有6种优势菌群,包括植物乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌.本技术还可以推广应用到目前国家允许添加的其他16种饲用微生物的检测,为饲用微生物添加剂产品质量监控提供了技术支撑.     

用DFT计算立方氮化硼的状态方程及体积模量

立方氮化硼的高硬度起因于硼原子和氮原子形成的B-N sp3键很强。为获得对B-Nsp3键的定量认识,用DFT计算了它在常压到百万大气压(0-100GPa)范围内的状态方程(EOS)及体积模量。采用保模赝势模拟硼原子和氮原子,分别根据GGA、LDA进行相关计算。计算结果表明,立方氮化硼的体积模量B0为372.8±2.2GPa~395.8±0.2GPa,GGA对B-N sp3键的计算偏弱。     

温比对第一级导叶端壁气膜冷却特性的影响

利用高温风洞及远红外热像技术,在两种主燃气与冷气温比(TR)(1.64、2.68)和4种气膜注射吹风比(BR)(0.6、1.0、1.5、2.0)下,研究了导叶端壁十排复合角度圆形气膜孔的综合冷却效率。对比高、低温比下的实验结果发现:(1)在无气膜时,端壁前缘的最高温点会因主流温度的提高而更靠近叶片前缘;(2)气膜出流时,端壁近吸力面区域冷却效率高于近压力面区域,冷却效率随BR的提高而不断增大,且BR从1.0增加到1.5时,冷却效率增幅最明显;(3)在同一BR下,端壁的综合冷却效率会随TR的增加而提高,但随着BR的不断加大,TR对端壁平均冷却效率的影响逐渐减小,即:相比于TR为1.64下的面平均冷却效率,TR为2.68工况下的平均冷却效率在BR为0.5时可提高18.2%,而在BR为2.0时,其只相对提高了8.8%。     

非连续湿热作用对T700/TR1219B复合材料宏细观性能的影响

为研究非连续湿热作用对碳纤维环氧树脂基复合材料性能的影响,对T700/TR1219B试样进行了吸湿-脱湿试验,测试了其拉神性能,并采用SEM观察试样侧面;通过原子力显微镜的峰值力纳米力学成像技术(PF-QNM)对树脂进行纳米压痕测试。结果表明:吸湿率从0变化到1.2%,T700/TR1219B复合材料的一次及二次吸湿行为均满足Fick定律;经吸湿-脱湿-再吸湿,试样的拉伸强度、弹性模量及树脂的硬度及弹性模量均呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势。     

烧蚀条件下氮化硼材料表面的产物分析

建立了氮化硼材料基于热化学平衡条件下的烧蚀模型,并进行了数值模拟分析.结果表明:在烧蚀的过程中氮化硼材料表面形成的主要产物为BO、B2O、B2O2及B2O3;当压力升高时,有利于B2O2及B2O3的产生,不利于BO,B2O的产生,而无因次的质量损失率呈降低的趋势.     

SiC纤维CVD涂层工艺研究

对SiC纤维的CVD涂层工艺进行研究.实验发现采用BCl3,H2及CH4作为反应气体,采用与SiC纤维生产工艺相匹配的走丝速度并控制一定的工艺参数,在1350℃左右可得到厚度2～3mm且表面致密的B4C涂层,纤维涂层后性能基本保持不变.仅采用BCl3及CH4作为CVD涂层工艺反应气体,在1180～1250℃即可沉积出表面光滑致密,厚度2～3mm的富碳B4C涂层,涂层后纤维性能可提高10%左右,且涂层与纤维结合强度很高,优于B4C涂层与SiC纤维的结合强度.实验还发现SiC纤维涂覆B4C及富碳B4C涂层后,能有效阻隔界面反应,可大幅提高SiC/Ti基复合材料的性能.     

基于遗传算法的旋翼翼型综合气动优化设计

结合直升机飞行特性及旋翼工作气动环境,提出了适用于中型运输直升机旋翼翼型优化设计的目标函数及约束条件.在此基础上采用遗传算法,以"黑鹰"(UH-60A)直升机旋翼翼型SC1095为基础翼型,进行多目标、多状态以及多约束条件下的旋翼翼型优化设计.优化翼型同SC1095翼型相比弯度稍大,最大厚度略有增加.结果表明:优化翼型气动力特性在满足约束条件的情况下,零升力矩系数减小了57.2%,最大升力系数增加了3.7%,阻力系数减小了7.5%.同时,非定常动态失速状态下的气动特性也有一定的改善,阻力系数和力矩系数的发散范围均有明显的减小.此外,悬停状态计算结果表明:采用优化翼型构成的旋翼与SC1095旋翼相比,具有更高的悬停效率及更低的力矩系数.      

浸种剂和灌溉对芽期人工低温下直播水稻幼苗质量的影响

在人工气候室内模拟早春"倒春寒"气候特点,研究了"齐苗快"和灌溉对芽期人工低温下直播水稻幼苗质量的影响.结果表明,"齐苗快"浸种结合湿润灌溉有利于提高芽期低温后精量穴直播水稻的幼苗质量.与清水浸种相比,"齐苗快"浸种处理能显著降低湘早籼24号和株两优2号的株高和叶片质膜透性,提高2种水稻品种的叶龄、茎基宽、苗高干质量、总根体积、顶1叶SPAD值;与淹水灌溉相比,湿润灌溉能显著提高2种水稻品种的成苗率,并降低其质膜透性.     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

基于飞机油箱模型形状特征油量测量切片步长选择方法研究

 在分析飞机数字式油量测量过程中目前广泛使用的切片法油量测量原理的基础上,针对现有的定步长切片法无法得到准确、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库的缺陷,结合对飞机油箱模型形状特征的分析,提出了基于飞机油箱模型形状特征的油量测量切片步长选择方法。此方法包括切片步长整体和局部选择两个过程,整体选择以实现相邻两切片平面所夹油箱模型体积近似相等为目的来确定切片步长,以体现油箱模型截面整体变化规律;局部选择以设计切片平面与截面突变平面重合或尽可能接近的方式,突出油箱截面的局部变化特征。实验结果表明：该切片步长选择方法较定步长方法能够建立更为合理、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库,从而提高了油量测量精度。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

二维翼段颤振的μ控制

 采用超声电机作为作动器来实现含控制面的翼段颤振鲁棒抑制。针对作者设计的二维翼段颤振主动抑制系统，通过理论与实验相结合的方法，建立了考虑沉浮方向阻尼和作动器模型参数不确定性的控制系统模型，设计了μ控制器，并对控制器做了降阶处理。数值仿真和风洞试验表明，μ控制器可有效地抑制颤振的发生，将颤振临界速度提高23.4%。相对于H_∞控制器，μ控制器的控制效果和鲁棒性更好。     

航空发动机管路测量数据分割方法

 为了提高航空发动机管路测量数据的反求建模效率,提出了一种区域增长分割算法。该方法主要是利用管路表面在曲面索引系数映射、主曲率映射、高斯映射上的特性,并基于均值漂移算法和遗传算法提出了区域分割算法中种子区域的选择策略。然后利用区域增长分割方法实现了对管路测量数据的分割。经过仿真和实测数据验证,所提管路分割算法具有较好的分割质量和效率。     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

Interfacial Properties Modification of Carbon Fiber/ Polyarylacetylene Composites

This work was dedicated to performing surface oxidation and coating treatments on carbon fibers (CF) and investigating the changes of fiber surface properties after these treatments, including surface composition, relative volume of functional groups, and sur- face topography with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atom force microscopy (AFM) technology. The results show that, after oxidation treatments, interfacial properties between CF and non-polar polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin are remarkably modified by removing weak surface layers and increasing fiber surface roughness. Coating treatment by high char phenolic resin solution after oxida- tion makes interface of CF/PAA composites to be upgraded and the interfacial properties further bettered.     

Thermal Stresses and Cracks During the Growth of Large-sized Sapphire with SAPMAC Method

本文利用有限元法对冷心放肩微量提拉法(SAPMAC)生长大尺寸蓝宝石单晶过程中的热应力进行了模拟计算,应用临界缺陷理论解释了裂纹的萌生与扩展机理。研究表明,晶体内的热应力主要与晶体生长速率,环境温度和结晶取向有关;较大热应力多出现在结晶界面,放肩、收尾以及直径急剧变化等位置;最大热应力总是出现在籽晶与新生晶体的界面附近。裂纹将在临界缺陷位置产生,并在应力作用下沿a或m面扩展。计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,通过晶体生长系统和生长工艺的改进,对晶体的开裂问题得到了有效的抑制。     

Optimization Design System for Composite Structures Based on Grid Technology

To solve the topology optimization of complicated multi-objective continuous/discrete design variables in aircmit structure design, a Parallel Pareto Genetic Algorithm （PPGA） is presented based on grid platform in this paper. In the algorithm, the commercial finite element analysis （FEA） software is integrated as the calculating tool for analyzing the objective functions and the filter of Pareto solution set based on weight information is introduced to deal with the relationships among all objectives. Grid technology is utilized in PPGA to realize the distributed computations and the user interface is developed to realize the job submission and job management locally/remotely. Taking the aero-elastic tailoring of a composite wing for optimization as an example, a set of Pareto solutions are obtained for the decision-maker. The numerical results show that the aileron reversal problem can be solved by adding the limited skin weight in this system. The algorithm can be used to solve complicated topology optimization for composite structures in engineering and the computation efficiency can be improved greatly by using the grid platform that aggregates numerous idle resources.