一种宽带高速跳频载波频综结构的设计

将DDS（直接数字合成）与PLL（锁相环）频率合成技术相结合,采用多环并列流水线结构,设计出混合扩/跳频系统的载波频率综合单元。利用DDS技术可实现频率分辨率高、转换时间快等要求,利用PLL技术可实现杂散抑制性能高、扩展宽带等要求,并采用多环并列硬件结构保证了系统的跳变速度和宽频带指标。经闭环测试平台的测试,系统达到350～1800MHz带宽可变,频率跳变速度10 000跳/s可变,杂散抑制优于-80dBc。文章首先给出详细的硬件设计方案及其实现,同时理论分析了个各项指标的优化,最后给出闭环测试平台的搭建以及最终测试结果。     

GEO星弹双基SAR多普勒分辨率特性分析

通过对地球同步轨道（GEO）卫星运动特点的分析，阐明其对多普勒分辨率的影响。传统的双基合成孔径雷达（SAR）多普勒分辨率表达式由于不考虑雷达平台加速度矢量带来的影响，并不适用于GEO星弹双基SAR系统。根据收发平台的双曲线轨迹对目标的回波多普勒特性影响，首先利用梯度方法推导了GEO星弹双基SAR系统的多普勒分辨率表达式；随后详细地分析了GEO卫星与导弹的空间几何关系及多普勒参数，特别是加速度矢量对多普勒分辨率的影响。仿真结果验证了所推导多普勒分辨率表达式的有效性，其有助于双基SAR理论系统完整性的提高，为后续系统设计及应用实践提供理论支撑。     

基于小孔腐蚀理论的飞机结构服役日历年限评估方法研究

基于小孔腐蚀理论，将腐蚀效应造成的疲劳强度降低或疲劳寿命降低视为应力集中系数的增大，这样将与时间相关的腐蚀效应（应力集中系数变化）和疲劳寿命联系起来了，通过试验研究给出了环境腐蚀造成的结构疲劳寿命与日历寿命之间的关系式，从而给出了一种考虑环境腐蚀效应影响的飞机结构日历使用寿命的估算方法。     

组合导航系统中一种基于特征值分解的自适应信息融合滤波算法

基于分散滤波理论的联合滤波算法,可以有效地降低组合导航系统的计算负担,并且增强系统的容错性能。给出了一种联合滤波算法中信息分配系数的自适应计算方法,能够使联合系统根据导航过程中各传感器的信息质量的变化合理地反馈全局信息。仿真结果表明,该算法可以有效地降低由于导航子系统降级带来的滤波误差。     

DFT谱分析在卫星通信业务监测系统中的应用

采用离散傅立叶变换（DFT）实现了对卫星通信业务监测系统中监测信号的频谱分析。频率分辨率的大小直接决定了频谱分析的精度，因此重点研究了DFT的参数选择对频率分辨率的影响，并采用数字移频有效降低了采样频率，提高了频率分辨率，从而提高了对监测信号谱分析的精度。     

激光探潜系统中杂散光抑制措施分析

杂散光会引起像质模糊和对比度下降,降低像面的信噪比,严重影响了光学系统的成像质量,必须进行消除。针对激光探潜系统中红外光和蓝绿光分离的光学系统,分析了红外系统中杂散辐射和蓝绿光系统中杂散光来源,给出了相应的杂散辐射和杂散光的抑制措施,为激光探潜系统光学系统的进一步优化设计提供了参考,展望了消杂光技术未来的发展趋势。     

载人飞船返回舱的压力分布

载人飞船小升阻比返回舱的再入轨道主要取决于配平升阻比，弹道系数和再入点的轨道倾角，风洞试验测出的球冠压力分布与理论计算值和飞行试验值的均较符合，可以用于实际飞行。气流分离和真实气体效应对倒锥锥面的压力影响较大。拐角半径增大，使拐角和球冠的压力降低，而使锥面压力增大，雷诺数和边界层状态对底压系数的影响较大。     

减速板对平尾的干扰

本文讨论减速板对平尾气动力的影响，减速板对平尾流场产生一下洗作用，使升力降低，升力线斜率降低。并用实验数据计算了减速板对平尾的干扰系数。计算了两架飞机模型的干扰系数，其分布规律不同。     

双基推进剂包覆层界面脱粘敲击检测系统设计

双基推进剂橡胶包覆层界面脱粘降低了推进剂工作性能，使其运行存在潜在的安全隐患。针对此问题，设计并开发了一套由信号处理组件、自动化控制组件和智能诊断组件构成的敲击检测系统，旨在通过自动化控制与智能敲击诊断技术相结合，更加全面的获取待测件的状态，提高检测的准确性和可靠性。实验结果表明，敲击检测系统可以识别橡胶包覆层脱粘缺陷，并且当敲击检测分辨率为3~10 mm时，脱粘缺陷检测准确率≥87.5%；BP神经网络隐含层神经元数设置6或7时，故障识别效果良好，K-means聚类算法对敲击检测数据故障确诊率≥90%。综上所述，敲击检测系统具有较高的检测分辨率和准确率，可以实现对双基推进剂包覆层粘接质量的客观评价。     

飞机防滑刹车系统的工作原理与性能评估

随着飞机的起降质量与速度越来越大,对防滑刹车系统提出了更高的要求。在小结合系数跑道下,机轮打滑严重,导致系统刹车效率降低,并很容易使飞机丧失滑跑方向稳定性。了解系统性能与工作原理之间的关系对研制新型防滑刹车系统有很大帮助。本文将讨论防滑刹车系统的分类和常见几种系统的工作原理及性能评估。     

一种基于Sobel算子的星敏感器星图预处理方法

星敏感器在太空环境下工作时容易受到杂散光的干扰,对星图进行二值化后直接采用质心法难以从星图中提取恒星星像坐标.针对上述问题,提出了一种基于Sobel算子的星敏感器星图预处理方法,用于提取星像坐标.首先采用Sobel算子计算星图中所有像素的梯度,保留所有大于阈值的像素梯度作为新的星图,然后以新的星图作为样板通过质心法从原始星图中提取恒星星像.由于杂散光干扰信号在星图中表现为缓慢信号,这些信号计算的梯度很小,因此通过Sobel算子计算后新的星图只有恒星星像.该方法能够消除星图中的杂散光干扰信号,使星图中只保留恒星星像信息,提高恒星星像坐标提取精度,具有较好的鲁棒性.     

The management of stray radiation issues in space optical systems

The performance of infrared and submillimeter systems can be severely degraded by stray light. Stray light includes off-axis radiation, system diffraction and scattering effects, and thermal self-emission. The purpose of this paper is to identify several keys to preventing system degradation due to stray radiation. The first key is to apply stray light design rules and analysis techniques early in the program before the design is finalized. A systems level analysis using stray light analysis software is often necessary in order to identify more subtle problems and to assess the magnitude of their effect on system performance. Another key is to address contamination control and the choice of surface coatings early in the program. The management of stray radiation issues is extremely cost-effective, if begun early in the program, and can reduce later schedule hardships.     

Improved imaging for X-ray inspection systems

A number of advancements for X-ray inspection systems have recently been implemented in the image presented to the operator. Advances in the use of color and image fusion techniques have been developed to maximize the information available in the initial view shown on the monitor. Different techniques are appropriate depending upon the size of the inspection item. Inspection of checked and carry-on baggage requires imaging methods that would not be appropriate for use on larger, more complex objects such as cargo containers or whole trucks. Color-coded presentation of CT images of baggage imposes yet other demands. Comparative images and analyses are presented to support choices for imaging on L-3 Communications systems in terms of the conflicting requirements of cost, sensitivity, resolution, and penetration. A number of enhancements are available to the operator and their influence on system performance is explored. Some experimental enhancements are demonstrated and their trade-offs discussed. The imaging system is ultimately based on hardware, and the choice of detectors, amplifiers, and sampling methods plays an important role in overall performance. Image degradation can be caused by deficiencies in the imaging hardware. Effects such as detector cross-talk and afterglow will negatively impact system performance. Recognition of these factors and steps to mitigate them are discussed. The effect of X-ray source choices such as beam voltage, milliamps, and sampling rate has a direct influence on the image quality and bag dose. Results of theoretical modeling as well as results on actual systems are presented. For a given bag dose, the trade-off between sensitivity, resolution, and penetration are considered. Possibilities for future advancements in imaging for X-ray inspection systems are explored.     

微型飞行器航时优化

 针对微型飞行器(MAV)低雷诺数条件下续航时间不足的问题,推导了适用于电动推进飞行器的航时计算公式,并提出为实现航时优化的动力系统规划方法。通过初步实验,验证了航时优化理论的正确性,通过规划延长了航时。     

铝-铝超高速碰撞闪光现象的初步实验测量

 为了研究不同碰撞参数条件下超高速碰撞闪光的特点及闪光温度的变化规律,构建了高温计及附属实验测量系统平台,利用该平台进行了超高速碰撞闪光的初步测量。根据Planck辐射的基本理论,对每次实验的碰撞闪光强度进行了4种波长的采集并对温度进行了拟合计算,得到了碰撞闪光温度历史。实验结果表明：对于弹丸、靶板材料均为LY12铝而言,碰撞角度（与靶板平面夹角）相同、碰撞速度在5.35~5.97 km/s范围内时,碰撞速度对碰撞闪光温度影响不明显;然而,碰撞速度相近,碰撞角度越大,碰撞闪光温度越高。     

Radar Waveform Selection-A Simplified Approach

Radar measurement and resolution performance, as well as target detection in clutter, depend largely on the transmitted waveform. This explains the sizable effort that has gone into studies of radar waveforms, including attempts at the synthesis of optimum waveforms. This paper shows that, despite the unlimited variety of radar signals, waveform selection is a straightforward process. There are only four classes of waveforms, each with distinct resolution properties. When the target environment is analyzed for a particular application, it is rather evident which of these classes will fit the situation best. Choice of the specific waveform within the selected class then is merely a matter of practical implementation. Although the facts used in developing the unified theory of this paper are not new, it is demonstrated that these facts can be combined into an extremely simple theory of waveform design. Much of today's work is guided by past approaches to a particular problem, and when a design is completed there may be a question as to how close to the optimum it is. The theory presented here permits a systematic approach to waveform selection, with the important benefit that the designer knows exactly where and how much he may have deviated from the best design, and why this was done.     

基于内腔光阱的光力加速度测量方法

内腔光阱中被捕获微粒的微小位移将导致腔内激光功率的大幅变化,可实现光阱系统的快速自反馈.基于这一原理,提出了一种新型加速度测量方案.该方案计算了内腔光阱中被捕获微粒的径向受力,建立了利用激光功率进行加速度传感的理论模型,并分析了工作点的选取对加速度测量的影响.系统以高频光电探测器作为加速度测量模块,可实现GHz量级的信号采集.内腔光阱将进一步促进光镊技术在惯性测量方向上的应用.     

一种基于改进太阳子午线拟合方法的仿生偏振光定向系统

为设计一种自主性强、精度高、抗电磁干扰能力强的定向系统,以昆虫获取大气偏振模式的感知机理为基础,设计了一种新型的成像式仿生偏振光定向系统.该系统使用具有微偏振阵列结构的CMOS相机作为主要的偏振信息采集设备,使用DSP/ARM架构的NVIDIA JETSON TX2嵌入式处理器进行信息解算,具有体积小、运算能力强等优点.通过研究大气偏振模式中偏振度和偏振角图像的对称性,针对已有航向角解算方法在太阳子午线提取精度方面的不足,设计了一种对称轴粗提取之后通过连续旋转法精确提取太阳子午线的算法,最终实现定向精度0.3335°,在最小二乘对称轴粗提取法的基础上定向精度提升了19.05％.     

一种鲁棒的红外与可见光多级景象匹配算法

针对基于特征的景象匹配方法对图像噪声和局部形变适应性差以及对特征质量依赖性强等问题,从提高图像特征描述能力入手,将具有局部光照和对比度不变性的相位一致性变换引入到红外与可见光景象匹配的特征表征中,以获得对噪声和局部形变较强的适应性。在此基础上,首先采用抗旋转的圆投影实现图像粗略匹配,然后基于Zernike矩推导出图像的互相关匹配重构函数并用来剔除错误匹配点,最后基于曲面拟合方法获得亚像素定位,从而实现图像精确与鲁棒匹配。仿真实验验证了所提算法的有效性。