带摩擦阻尼叶片与轮盘耦合系统的振动分析

本文用非比例粘性阻尼等效航空发动机叶／盘耦合系统振动时叶片上凸肩（冠）接触面间产生的摩擦阻尼效应对叶／盘系统固有振动特性及响应特性的影响。利用由滞后弹簧摩擦模型所得到的等效粘性阻尼及等效刚度系数,在局部坐标下建立接触面间的刚度及阻尼矩阵,以分析阻尼对叶／盘系统的减振效应。文中所建立的基本公式、分析方法、由计算所导出的无因次曲线及振型与振动应力分布的后处理云图,可供叶轮机的设计、研制、排故及改型参考。     

摩擦阻尼减振设计中的局部滑动问题

采用干摩擦阻尼器可以有效抑制系统的振动。在摩擦阻尼减振分析中引入局部滑动模型可以更好地描述摩擦阻尼抑制振动的机理。采用局部滑动模型,建立了阻尼器在局部滑动阶段阻尼力与振动位移之间的关系,按照能量等效原则,将阻尼器的刚度、阻尼进行等效并引入振动系统中,发展了带摩擦阻尼系统的振动响应分析方法。通过对带摩擦阻尼器平板叶片的振动响应分析,结果表明:阻尼器在局部滑动阶段,对系统振动的抑制有明显的效果,并且适当施加正压力能使系统在共振状态下的响应达到最小。     

气流激励下叶片振动响应分析方法

为开展气流激励下叶片振动响应分析方法研究,建立了气动激振力预估方法,采用非线性谐波法对叶排进行三维非定常流动分析,获得叶片表面的脉动压力,编制流固转换程序,计算叶片所受的气动激振力。建立了叶片气动阻尼分析方法,基于能量法和弱耦合分析法,对叶片与流场进行流固弱耦合分析,将气动力对运动的叶片所做的气动负功等效为黏滞阻尼力所做的功,求得转子叶片的模态气动阻尼比。建立了叶片在气流激励下的振动响应分析方法,基于气动激振力和叶片模态气动阻尼比,采用模态叠加法分析叶片振动响应。使用该方法,针对发动机中1.5级压气机转、静子叶排模型,计算了转子叶片在真实流场中的气动激振力、前8阶模态气动阻尼比以及在气动激振力与气动阻尼共同作用下转子叶片的振动响应,振动应力达到100 MPa。      

阻尼系统的振动分析

 本文讨论粘性阻尼线性系统的振动问题。阐述了复模态理论,用它分析了系统自由振动的特性。并用状态空间法讨论了系统的脉冲响应矩阵和传递函数矩阵,分析了它们的响应特性和共振的概念。     

Vibration suppression of thin-walled workpiece machining considering external damping properties based on magnetorheological fluids flexible fixture

Milling of the thin-walled workpiece in the aerospace industry is a critical process due to the high flexibility of the workpiece. In this paper, a flexible fixture based on the magnetorheological(MR) fluids is designed to investigate the regenerative chatter suppression during the machining.Based on the analysis of typical structural components in the aerospace industry, a general complex thin-walled workpiece with fixture and damping constraint can be equivalent as a rectangular cantilever beam. On the basis of the equivalent models, natural frequency and mode shape function of the thin-walled workpiece is obtained according to the Euler–Bernoulli beam assumptions. Then,the displacement response function of the bending vibration of the beam is represented by the product of all the mode shape function and the generalized coordinate. Furthermore, a dynamic equation of the workpiece-fixture system considering the external damping factor is proposed using the Lagrangian method in terms of all the mode shape function and the generalized coordinate, and the response of system under the dynamic cutting force is calculated to evaluate the stability of the milling process under damping control. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach are validated by the impact hammer experiments and several machining tests.     

气体静压止推轴承静动态性能及振动抑制

为探讨抑制气体轴承自激振动的新手段,研究了圆盘形单个小孔节流的气体静压止推轴承振动问题。通过两平行圆盘间的气体流动方程,推导建立了气体轴承静动态特性分析模型。通过数值分析的方法,研究并总结了供气压力和气膜厚度对气体轴承静态承载力、静态气体质量流量、静动态刚度以及动态阻尼的影响,计算得到了一系列气体轴承静动态特性变化曲线。然后针对系统出现负阻尼情况,通过引入非线性能量阱(NES)来抑制自激振动的问题。研究结果表明,提高供气压力可以有效地提高气体轴承的静态性能;气体轴承的自激振动主要源于气膜挤压的负阻尼特性;同时,当NES的阻尼超过临界阻尼时,可以使系统的振动得到有效的抑制。     

Dynamic characteristics of a cyclic-periodic structure with a piezoelectric network

This paper deals with a cyclic-periodic structure with a piezoelectric network. In such a system, there is not only mechanical connection but also electrical connection between adjacent periodic sectors. The objective is to learn whether the presence of a piezoelectric network would change the dynamic characteristics of the system. The background of the research is about vibration reduction of a bladed disk in an aero-engine, and the system is simulated by a lumped parameter model. The dynamic equations of the system are derived, and then the analytical solution corresponding to the eigenvalue problem is given. The vibration responses to single traveling wave excitations(EO excitations) and multiple traveling wave excitations(NEO excitations) are studied.The results show that the presence of a piezoelectric network would change the natural frequencies of the system compared with those of the system with the piezoelectric shunt circuit. The forced response is sensitive to the connection type and the elements of the network. An energy analysis of the electro-mechanical coupling system has been performed to understand its dynamic behavior,and the following conclusion is obtained: a vibration reduction to excitations whose primary harmonic component is not zero can be achieved by a parallel piezoelectric network, while a reduction to other excitations should be based on a series piezoelectric network.     

微振动隔振器动态阻尼系数的测试方法

阻尼系数的确定对于隔振设计非常重要。针对大阻尼黏性流体微振动隔振器,提出一种确定三参数模型阻尼系数的机械阻抗等效理论与测试方法,将三参数模型简化为等效的便于试验测试的两参数隔振模型。将由自行设计的试验系统测量得到的阻尼系数和刚度系数输入到ADAMS仿真模型中,得到等效阻尼系数,并与直接采用迟滞环法得到的隔振器的等效阻尼系数进行对比分析。研究结果显示,两种方法得到的结果具有良好的一致性,证明了本文方法的可行性和可用性。本文方法还可得到以往传统方法难以得到的动态阻尼系数随频率的变化规律,对于隔振设计具有重要的参考价值。由于提出简化的等效模型,使得隔振器阻尼系数的测试更加快捷方便,本方法可推广应用于具有更多参数的隔振器阻尼系数的测量。     

航天器贮箱变质量流固耦合系统的动力学响应

研究了航天器贮箱变质量流固耦合系统的动力学特性.根据虚拟质量法(VMM),结合边界元法和有限元法构建了系统的动力学模型,建模过程中着重考虑了质量变化对系统的动态影响.通过Newmark直接积分法计算出贮箱变质量系统的振动响应.结果表明:由于系统质量减少,引起了系统振动频率的增大,并产生一个附加负阻尼.系统的振动频率的范围可以通过系统质量的范围确定.变质量引起的附加负阻尼的大小与系统的质量变化率成正比.对于系统的横向振动,质量减少引起的附加负阻尼在整个过程对系统振动的影响比较稳定,对于系统的纵向振动,质量减少引起的附加负阻尼对系统振动的影响随时间的增加而增大.      

具有干摩擦散乱失谐的叶盘受迫响应特性

阻尼件是叶盘结构中起减振作用的主要部件,而阻尼件的干摩擦散乱失谐会影响其在叶盘振动中的减振作用。本文利用谐波平衡法与快速傅立叶变换技术,对具有非线性干摩擦力的叶盘受迫响应进行了数学建模,仿真分析了叶盘系统在各种耦合、粘性阻尼比、干摩擦强度、干摩擦散乱失谐程度等参数影响下的受迫响应规律。研究结果显示,叶盘系统在弱耦合和粘性阻尼比较大的情况下,干摩擦散乱失谐会导致叶盘共振幅值显著增大。      

亚声速叶片与跨声速叶片的气动阻尼比较

为了研究叶轮机中叶片与流场流固耦合作用情况下的气动阻尼,分别以亚声速和跨声速转子叶片为例计算气动阻尼。根据对非定常气动力的分析,提出了一种与结构等效粘滞阻尼比对应的模态气动等效粘滞阻尼比的定义。采用弱耦合分域求解的算法,在线性范围内,计算并比较了跨声速叶片和亚声速叶片模态和振幅对模态气动阻尼比的影响,根据分布气动阻尼比研究压缩波对模态气动阻尼比的影响。研究结果表明这两类叶片的气动阻尼特性基本一致,所提参数对两类叶片的气动阻尼的影响基本相同。     

带有挤压油膜阻尼器的转子系统动力学相似设计

针对航空发动机中常见的带有挤压油膜阻尼器(SFD)转子的动力学相似问题,建立了一种相似建模方法。从带有阻尼的转子的振动微分方程着手,通过方程分析法推导了转子振动过程中的不平衡力相似关系和阻尼力相似关系。以挤压油膜阻尼器的油膜力和油膜方程为基础建立了挤压油膜阻尼器参数与转子相似参数之间的数学关系,并给出了相应的工程设计方法。以某带有挤压油膜阻尼器的单转子系统为例,建立了带有挤压油膜阻尼器的相似转子系统,使用有限元法分析了该转子系统与其相似系统的动力学特性,分析结果显示：在仅考虑转子系统内挤压油膜阻尼器阻尼的情况下相似系统的不平衡响应与原转子系统不平衡响应误差低于1%。     

基于测试数据的卡箍非线性等效建模方法

为了快速准确地计算卡箍管路系统的振动响应，提出了基于测试数据的卡箍非线性等效建模方法。对卡箍直管系统进行低幅值激励的模态测试，利用试验数据对有限元模型进行修正，识别卡箍线性刚度、线性阻尼参数。对卡箍直管系统开展不同激励水平下的恒力测试，通过样条插值多项式法将恒力频响函数转换为恒位移、恒速度频响函数，并进一步识别卡箍非线性等效刚度、非线性等效阻尼，建立了考虑卡箍非线性的等效动力学模型。研究表明:该卡箍等效动力学模型的预测频响函数与试验频响函数的最大误差仅为-6.9%，可以有效地反映卡箍实际的刚度、阻尼特性，对解决卡箍管路系统的振动响应分析具有重要的指导意义。      

基于幅频特性曲线簇公共点的智能弹簧减振系统参数设计

研究了无阻尼智能弹簧减振系统的一种参数设计方法.采用等效线性化方法将系统中的干摩擦阻尼等效成黏性阻尼,建立系统的数学模型,推导出无量纲化的振动微分方程,得到系统频响特性的解析解.对系统幅频特性进行了数值分析,结果发现:幅频特性曲线簇通过一个公共点,该公共点随质量比的增大向左偏移,随刚度比的增大向右偏移;系统存在一个最优控制参数值,使系统幅频特性曲线峰值最小,其随质量比的增大而减小,但不受刚度比的影响.根据公共点的性质,得到幅频特性曲线簇公共点对应的频率比、最优控制参数和最小振幅的计算公式.确定系统参数的选用原则与范围,并利用公共点提出智能弹簧减振系统参数设计的方法和步骤.      

动静压混合式气体密封追随性及主动调控振动特性数值分析

动静压混合式气体密封(DHHGS)运行中,静环对动环轴向窜动和角向摆动的跟踪响应(追随性)能够降低外界干扰对密封稳定性造成的影响。将DHHGS简化为弹簧-阻尼-质量系统,基于摄动法求解了DHHGS的动态非线性Reynolds方程,得到了表征密封动态特性的气膜刚度和阻尼系数。研究了两种DHHGS (泵入式和泵出式)在3个方向简谐激励作用下的追随性,并得到了阻封气压力对追随性的影响规律,分析了主动调控时静环的轴向自振稳定性,并给出了轴向自振的临界失稳判据。研究结果表明:即使激励振幅足够大,DHHGS仍具有良好的追随性;阻封气压力增大,密封的追随性增强;主动调控时,静环自由振动是非往复的衰减运动,密封仍能稳定运转。     

燃机并入冲击载荷下推进轴系动态响应特性研究

为评估联合动力装置中燃机并入冲击载荷作用下推进轴系的动态响应情况,从 SSS离合器的啮合过程出发,建立其动力学仿真模型并进行仿真计算,发现阻尼油腔在降低轴向碰撞力的同时伴随产生扭矩冲击,对轴系安全性造成影响。将不同工况下的燃机并入冲击扭矩作为激励源,对推进轴系进行瞬态响应计算,得出轴系的动态响应,其中螺旋桨轴最大应力为32.77MPa,动力涡轮轴最大应力为78.17MPa。结果表明：燃机并入过程中,油腔阻尼特性和燃机加载特性对冲击载荷及轴系响应有显著影响。为确保轴系运行的安全性,应适当选取油腔阻尼参数并尽可能在低工况下进行燃机并入操作。     

随机路面激励下车载无人机的载荷响应与仿真

建立了五自由度的车载无人机的振动系统在随机路面激励下的数学模型，并获得路面不平度双激励下的功率谱矩阵，运用功率谱密度法求得频域上的频响特性和加速度的均方值。由路面功率谱反推路面不平度的方法，对A、B、C和D4个国家等级路面不平度交替冲击的复杂情况进行了时域模拟，运用MAT-LAB的Simulink工具，仿真了无人机在一次运载任务剖面中的载荷响应。     

用模态综合法分析发动机整机振动特性

本文试图把模态综合法与有限元素法相结合,对发动机转子——支承——机匣系统的整机振动特性进行分析。用状态空间广义模态综合法计算轴对称转子与机匣间的耦合振动,用复模态综合法计算非轴对称转子与机匣间的耦合振动。子结构分析采用有限元素法。转子采用具有粘性阻尼,考虑剪切变形的有限转子元素,用承受非轴对称载荷的截锥壳元素离散机匣。所编制的AROBEC程序可计算发动机整机系统的进动频率、临界转速、稳定性、不平衡响应及瞬态响应。目前该程序已实际应用于三种型号的发动机上,获得了满意效果。      

Nonlinear vibration response characteristics of a dual-rotor-bearing system with squeeze film damper

Rolling bearing and Squeeze Film Damper (SFD) are used in rotor support structures, and most researches on the nonlinear rotor-bearing system are focused on the simple rotor-bearing systems. This work emphasizes the comparative analysis of the influence of SFD on the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the dual-rotor system supported by rolling bearings. Firstly, a reduced dynamic model is established by combining the Finite Element (FE) method and the free-interface method of component mode synthesis. The proposed model is verified by comparing the natural characteristics obtained from an FE model with those from the experiment. Then, the steady-state vibration responses of the system with or without SFD are solved by the numerical integration method. The influences of the ball bearing clearance, unbalance, centralizing spring stiffness and oil film clearance of SFD on the nonlinear steady-state vibration responses of the dual-rotor system are analyzed. Results show that SFD can effectively suppress the amplitude jump of the dual rotor system sustaining two rotors unbalance excitations. As the ball bearing clearance or unbalance increases, the amplitude jump phenomenon becomes more obvious, the resonance hysteresis phenomenon strengthens or weakens, the resonant peaks shift to the left or the right, respectively. SFD with unreasonable parameters will aggravate the system vibration, the smaller the oil film clearance, the better the damping performance of the SFD, the larger the centralizing spring stiffness is, the larger resonance amplitudes are.     

Operational modal parameter identification with colored noise excitation

Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) refers to the modal analysis of a structure in its operating state. The advantage of OMA is that only the output vibration signal of a system is used in the analysis process. Classic OMA is based on the white noise excitation assumption and many identification methods have been developed in both time domain and frequency domain. But in reality, many environmental excitations are not compliance with the white noise assumption. In this paper, a method of half power bandwidth analysis is applied to power spectrum analysis to deal with the colored noise and trapezoidal spectral excitation. The modal frequencies and modal damping ratios are derived and the error caused by trapezoidal spectral and colored noise excitation are analyzed. It is proved that the OMA algorithm based on the white noise assumption can be extended to the colored noise environments under certain conditions. Finally, a simulation example with a cantilever beam and a vibration test with four kinds of colored noise and trapezoidal spectrum base excitation are carried out and the results support the proposed method.