Scheme design of the CHANG’E-5T1 extended mission

Flight schemes for the CHANG’E-5T1 extended mission are investigated in this paper. In the flight scheme and trajectory design, the remaining propellant of the CHANG’E-5T1 mission is utilized. The CHANG’E-5T1 mission is firstly introduced with feasible flight goals derived based on the terminal trajectory and satellite status. The flight schemes are designed to include a lunar return and the libration points in the Sun-Earth/Moon and Earth-Moon systems, with an emphasis on the Earth-Moon triangle libration point thus far unexplored. Secondly, three schemes are proposed for the CHANG’E-5T1 extended mission with different flight goals. The direct libration point orbit transfer and injection method is adopted to solve the issue in the transfer trajectory design. Furthermore, an innovative concept is proposed to transfer from the Earth-Moon collinear libration point to the triangle point using the Sun-Earth/Moon libration point. Finally, the merits and drawbacks of the three schemes are discussed in terms of flight time, control energy and frequency, flight distance, and goal value. As a result, the scheme including a lunar return and the Earth-Moon L2 libration point is selected for the CHANG’E-5T1 extended mission. A flight to the Earth-Moon libration point is achieved, replicating the achievement of the ARTEMIS mission.     

用圆弧样条计算地形跟随技术中的期望航迹

从地形外形的采样数据设计飞机贴地飞行的期望航迹,然后由相应的最优控制器使飞机按此航迹飞行,这一地形跟随技术中的最优控制算法,日益得到重视和发展,并应用在综合地形跟随/回避技术中。 本文提出了采用圆弧样条计算期望航迹的方法,在几十种地形情况下进行了对比研究,证明是可行的。明显地减少了期望航迹计算的工作量,增加了系统实时计算的可能性。     

六旋翼无人机的飞行力学建模研究

为开展六旋翼无人机的全机飞行力学建模研究,针对六旋翼无人机的前飞和非定常飞行要求,引入了动量叶素理论和动态人流理论对旋翼气动力进行分析.根据无人机的变转速控制方式,增加了旋翼转速变化对机身运动的影响项,推导了使六旋翼总需用功率最小的拉力分配优化方法,建立了六旋翼无人机的飞行力学模型.气动力计算结果表明,新建立的旋翼气动力计算方法精度高于现有的比例系数法.     

改进型LQR方法在飞机控制律设计中的应用

阐述了线性二次型状态反馈（LQR）理论在飞行控制系统设计中的优势。针对现代飞机飞行控制系统非线性、多回路和强耦合的特点，典型的介绍了纵向飞行控制系统的设计过程。选择反馈信号以及升降舵等变量作为输出量．使传统LQR最优控制中对加权阵Q和R的选择变为对降维的加权阵Q的选择,并通过真实飞行速度进行动态调参，最后，通过仿真验证了该方法的正碜性和实用性。     

Comprehensive analysis of transport aircraft flight performance

This paper reviews the state-of-the art in comprehensive performance codes for fixed-wing aircraft. The importance of system analysis in flight performance is discussed. The paper highlights the role of aerodynamics, propulsion, flight mechanics, aeroacoustics, flight operation, numerical optimisation, stochastic methods and numerical analysis. The latter discipline is used to investigate the sensitivities of the sub-systems to uncertainties in critical state parameters or functional parameters. The paper discusses critically the data used for performance analysis, and the areas where progress is required.

Comprehensive analysis codes can be used for mission fuel planning, envelope exploration, competition analysis, a wide variety of environmental studies, marketing analysis, aircraft certification and conceptual aircraft design.

A comprehensive program that uses the multi-disciplinary approach for transport aircraft is presented. The model includes a geometry deck, a separate engine input deck with the main parameters, a database of engine performance from an independent simulation, and an operational deck. The comprehensive code has modules for deriving the geometry from bitmap files, an aerodynamics model for all flight conditions, a flight mechanics model for flight envelopes and mission analysis, an aircraft noise model and engine emissions. The model is validated at different levels. Validation of the aerodynamic model is done against the scale models DLR-F4 and F6. A general model analysis and flight envelope exploration are shown for the Boeing B-777-300 with GE-90 turbofan engines with intermediate passenger capacity (394 passengers in 2 classes). Validation of the flight model is done by sensitivity analysis on the wetted area (or profile drag), on the specific air range, the brake-release gross weight and the aircraft noise. A variety of results is shown, including specific air range charts, take-off weight–altitude charts, payload-range performance, atmospheric effects, economic Mach number and noise trajectories at F.A.R. landing points.     

Stability,flying qualities and longitudinal parameter estimation of a twin-engine CS-23 certified light aircraft

This paper presents some results of the flight test campaign conducted on the Tecnam P2006T aircraft, on the occasion of its certification process. This twin-engine propeller airplane is certified under the normal category CS-23 and FAR 23. A prototype of this light aircraft has been tested in flight for a post-design performance optimization and for the assessment of flight qualities. These experiences have led to the application of two winglets to the original wing. The final configuration has been extensively tested for the achievement of CS-23 certification. The longitudinal and lateral-directional response modes have been assessed and quantified. At the same time the longitudinal airplane model, through a dedicated set of flight maneuvers, has been characterized by means of parameter estimation studies. The aircraft stability derivatives have been estimated from the acquired flight data using the identification technique known as Output Error Method (OEM). Some estimated stability derivatives have been also compared with the corresponding values extracted from leveled flight tests and from wind tunnel tests performed on a scaled model of the aircraft.     

海军舰载机飞行甲板识别服

介绍了海军舰载机飞行甲板识别服的技术要求、材料颜色、材料功能和款式设计,并对识别服的分类和性能作了介绍。识别服包括导航服、通讯指挥服和机械检修服,颜色各异,性能如阻燃、抗静电、拒油和拒水等各不相同。该服适用于海军舰载机部队,也适用于机场、民航和科学考察等     

直升机飞行品质评估数学模型研究

针对飞行品质评估需要，结合建模工作中的经验，讨论了模型复杂度和真实度之间的关系，分析了不同阶次的入流模型和非定常气动模型对结果的影响，考虑了旋翼尾迹对机身的气动干扰作用，并对涡轮轴发动机和飞行控制系统模型在飞行力学模型中的重要作用做了阐述。还地逆仿真方法在飞行品质研究中的应用提出了一些见解。     

鸭式旋翼/机翼无人机飞行动力学建模与分析

针对鸭式旋翼/机翼无人机兼有直升机和固定翼机飞行特性的特点,对其飞行动力学模型进行了理论建模与分析研究。应用动量理论建立了旋翼/机翼尾迹模型,分析了旋翼/机翼尾迹对鸭翼、平尾等气动部件的干扰特性,建立了直升机和转换飞行模式受旋翼/机翼尾迹干扰影响的动力学模型以及固定翼飞行模式的动力学模型。提出了各飞行模式的配平策略,使用Matlab工具箱函数简化了平衡特性计算和模型线性化过程,并进行了不同飞行模式、典型飞行状态的纵向运动稳定性分析。结果表明所建立的模型能够反映该类鸭式旋翼/机翼无人机各飞行模式的典型特性,并可用于飞行控制系统设计。     

高性能战斗机机动动作优化控制研究

应用轨迹优化方法研究了高性能战斗机机动动作的最优控制问题。采用质点运动方程，以多层神经网络完成气动系数拟合，编写了基于最大值原理的优化程序，给出了优化结果，并据此对过失速机动的使用和控制进行了初步分析，结果表明，对特定的始末端状态，过失速机动能力能够缩短机动时间，但是进入过失速的深度与收音机推重比有关。     

仿蝇飞行器性能分析及参数优化

采用改进的准定常气动力和能耗估算方法,对仿蝇布局微型飞行器的结构参数和运动学参数进行了优化,估算了不同尺度样例飞行器的气动力和能耗.结果表明:①仿蝇气动布局更加适合厘米级、毫米级的飞行器,翼展大于3.75 cm时,其性能相对于同尺度的常规布局飞行器不再有优势.②仿蝇布局飞行器的最优运动学参数为:对称转动模式的转动周期为0.2T0.25T;扑动加减速周期为0.15T0.2T;平动迎角取值范围25°30°.增大扑动幅度可以降低扑动频率,但低扑动频率不能产生足够升力时,要减小扑动幅度,增大扑动频率.      

Notes on `The electric control of large aeroplanes'

The author examines a proposal published by D.T. Glass-Hooper (see Flight, Dec. 21, 1916) for controlling an aircraft using solenoids. He than discusses the control systems used almost universally in aircraft through the end of WWII, and the gradual evolution to almost all-electrical flight control (the hydraulic actuator is the last major nonelectrical element). Laboratory testing of electric actuators is considered and the C-141 Aileron electric actuation system is presented. The High Technology Test Bed program, which was implemented to provide a research aircraft for the development and evaluation of aerodynamic, avionic, and flight control system concepts, is described     

T／R－R型双基地系统分段跟踪技术的研究

根据Ｔ／Ｒ－Ｒ型双基地系统在受到由弱到强的干扰影响时,其可用的测量量不同,有必要研究各种干扰模式下应采用的跟踪算法,提出了分段跟踪技术,充分利用了不同干扰强度时Ｔ／Ｒ站和Ｒ站的测量数据,提高了对三维运动目标的跟踪精度。通过典型目标航迹的计算机仿真,对算法性能做了评估。     

民用飞机适航取证中的APC/PIO评估方法

总结了MA600飞机在适航取证过程中所做的APC/PIO研究与评估工作。根据APC/PIO产生的机理及类型,理论分析了MA600的APC/PIO易感性及可能发生的类型;选择适合于运输机的预测准则,对纵向和横向的APC/PIO易感性进行了评估和分析;制定了试飞大纲,由试飞员在全动飞行模拟器上完成了试飞任务,并对其APC/PIO趋势做出了评分和评语;最后,对试飞数据进行了分析,所得结果与理论分析结果、准则评估结果及试飞员评语一致,表明MA600飞机没有发生APC/PIO的趋势,满足适航条例对APC/PIO的要求。     

Continuous transverse stub technology

Military and civil radar and communication systems utilize phased array antennas that require hundreds or, in some cases, thousands of transmit/receive (T/R) modules. T/R modules, even when low cost, drive the total RF system cost to an undesirable level, resulting in fewer systems being purchased, This paper reviews the application of continuous transverse stub (CTS) antenna technology to reduce the number of T/R modules required and, thus, the overall RF system cost, and military and civil applications and their respective cost savings     

隐蔽式安装布局涡轴发动机安装损失的飞行试验

为确定轻小型直升机飞行性能评估所需的发动机安装性能损失,对隐蔽式安装布局的涡轴发动机进行了不同直升机飞 行姿态的飞行试验。基于试飞数据建立了一套真实飞行条件下涡轴发动机安装损失的计算流程,对比分析了在不同高度和速度 下稳定平飞、有/无地效悬停、有/无地效悬停回转、不同高度爬升、不同高度下滑、盘旋、侧后飞等飞行姿态对涡轴发动机安装损失 的影响。结果表明：隐蔽式安装布局的涡轴发动机安装损失主要来自进气温升,不同飞行姿态下功率损失为4.3%~20.7%,耗油率 相对增量为1.2%~132.7%;功率损失随飞行高度的变化规律不明显,随飞行速度的增大而减小;耗油率相对增量随飞行高度和飞 行速度的增大而减小;在近地面的低速飞行姿态下安装损失最小,且受地效影响较小;风速和风向对安装损失的影响较大。     

通过进排气总压比EPR测推力的基本原理

 涡轮发动机一直是通过转速来操纵的。可是同一转速而进气总温变时状态也变,低总温时增压比、推力就高,高总温时则相反。凶此按与推力较直接联系的参数来操纵就有可取之处。普惠公司JT3D-9D系列发动机已用进排气总压比、简称发动机总压比EPR=p5~*/p1~*作推力主操纵参数,而以转速操纵作备用。     

低空突防实时航迹规划计算机方案设计研究

地形跟踪/地形回避、威胁回避(TF/TA2)实时航迹规划计算机是综合TF/TA2低空突防系统的控制核心.系统按照由它产生的最优航迹产生制导指令,并控制飞行器按此最优航迹完成突防任务.本文提出了一种实时航迹规划计算机的设计方案.该方案采用由共享存储器耦合的三个智能模块(即智能总线接口、航迹规划处理机和数据处理机)并行运行的结构,以提高系统的运行速度,满足低空突防对航迹规划计算机的实时性要求.其中,航迹规划处理机和数据处理机的双机互备份降级运行方式提高了系统的可靠性.此外,以闪存为存储介质的内存数据库使系统检索和读取机载数据的速度大大提高,且闪存的非易失性保证了机载数据的可靠性.     

某新机综合飞行/推进系统H∞控制器设计

针对国内某新型战机及其装配的新型涡轮风扇发动机,本文研究了该综合飞行/推进系统一体化控制问题.首先建立了飞行子系统、推进子系统数学模型,在此基础上得到了飞行/推进系统综合模型;利用H∞混合灵敏度控制器设计方法,设计了综合系统控制器,对控制器设计中的一些关键问题作了讨论;最后通过仿真,表明所设计的综合控制系统具有较好的性能.     

基于总能量理论的着舰飞行/推力控制系统

为提高舰载飞机在低动压着舰条件下飞行操纵性能和实现飞行航迹/速度之间的解耦,首先设计了阻尼器,使飞机的短周期阻尼达到了一级飞行品质的要求;然后,基于总能量控制理论设计了着舰飞行/推力综合控制系统。该控制系统使航迹角的响应带宽为1.21 rad/s。仿真结果表明,该系统能够在保持速度恒定的条件下实现航迹角的快速响应,而且对气动参数摄动具有较强的鲁棒性。