B4C－TiB2－W2B5复合材料研究

 通过热压和热等静压反应烧结,从相复合角度探索了改善碳化硼机械性能及发展新型碳化硼基超硬材料的可行性,并给出了最新研究结果。     

High-entropy (La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Gd0.2Yb0.2)2(Zr0.75Ce0.25)2O7 thermal barrier coating material with significantly enhanced fracture toughness

Poor fracture toughness leads to premature failure of La₂(Zr_0.75Ce_0.25)₂O₇ (LCZ) thermal barrier coatings in an elevated temperature service environment. A novel coating material, namely (La_0.2Nd_0.2Sm_0.2Gd_0.2Yb_0.2)₂(Zr_0.75Ce_0.25)₂O₇ (LNSGY) based on the high-entropy concept, was successfully fabricated by solid-state sintering. The microstructure of LCZ and LNSGY was investigated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectrometer (RS), Transmission Electronic Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The fracture toughness of the LCZ and LNSGY ceramics was evaluated. The LNSGY has excellent high-temperature phase stability, and the grain size of LNSGY ceramic is smaller than that of LCZ ceramic at an elevated temperature due to the sluggish diffusion effect. Compared with LCZ (fracture toughness is (1.4 ± 0.1) MPa∙m^1/2), the fracture toughness of LNSGY is significantly enhanced (fracture toughness is (2.0 ± 0.3) MPa∙m^1/2). Therefore, the LNSGY can be a promising advanced thermal barrier coating material in the future.     

316L不锈钢粗粉注射成形工艺的研究

对平均粒度为30μm的316L不锈钢粗粉进行了注射成形。采用正交试验法,以生坯三点抗弯强度和生坯密度作为依据,研究了注射参数对生坯质量的影响;优选出适宜316L不锈钢粗粉的脱脂工艺及烧结工艺;烧结试件得到了理想的力学性能,抗拉强度630MPa,屈服强度280MPa,延伸率52%,硬度69.5HRB,并评价了其耐蚀性。     

弯曲纤维对SiO2f/SiO2复合材料拉伸强度的影响

以SiO_(2f)织物作为增强相,采用循环浸渍固化工艺,制备了SiO_(2f)/SiO_2复合材料。在制备过程中,通过对SiO_(2f)织物进行模压处理,使SiO_(2f)呈现出不同程度的弯曲,测定了纤维弯曲后复合材料的拉伸强度,研究了纤维弯曲时复合材料的断裂过程。结果表明:弯曲纤维将导致复合材料的拉伸强度下降,最低拉伸强度仅为5.5 MPa,纤维弯曲时复合材料的断裂过程为逐层断裂,断裂应变增加,最大断裂应变达到1.19%。     

高温处理对液相气化沉积碳/碳复合材料微观组织结构及力学性能的影响

 对用快速液相气化法制备的碳 /碳复合材料进行了石墨化处理;用 X-ray衍射技术和扫描电子显微镜对高温处理前后材料的微观组织结构及断口形貌进行了研究观察;分析了影响石墨化前后微观结构、力学性能变化及断裂失效模式的因素及机理。结果表明 :经石墨化处理后,d₀₀₂ 值降低,L_c 值升高,弯曲强度σ_f大幅度降低,层间剪切强度 ILSS升高,但随热处理温度提高,ILSS值有降低趋势。     

Energisation of O+ and O+ 2 Ions at Mars: An Analysis of a 3-D Quasi-Neutral Hybrid Model Simulation

We have studied the loss of O⁺ and O⁺ ₂ ions at Mars with a numerical model. In our quasi-neutral hybrid model ions (H⁺, He⁺⁺, O⁺, O⁺ ₂) are treated as particles while electrons form a massless charge-neutralising fluid. The employed model version does not include the Martian magnetic field resulting from the crustal magnetic anomalies. In this study we focus the Martian nightside where the ASPERA instrument on the Phobos-2 spacecraft and recently the ASPERA-3 instruments on the Mars Express spacecraft have measured the proprieties of escaping atomic and molecular ions, in particular O⁺ and O⁺ ₂ ions. We study the ion velocity distribution and how the escaping planetary ions are distributed in the tail. We also create similar types of energy-spectrograms from the simulation as were obtained from ASPERA-3 ion measurements. We found that the properties of the simulated escaping planetary ions have many qualitative and quantitative similarities with the observations made by ASPERA instruments. The general agreement with the observations suggest that acceleration of the planetary ions by the convective electric field associated with the flowing plasma is the key acceleration mechanism for the escaping ions observed at Mars.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of In-situ Synthesized Al2O3/TiAl Composites

Al2O3 particle-reinforced TiAl composites are successfully reaction-synthesized from the powder mixture of Ti, Al, TiO2, and Nb2O5, using the hot pressing reaction synthesis technique. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-sintered products are investigated. It is found that in the as-sintered products consisting of γ-TiAl, α2-Ti3Al, Al2O3, and NbAl3 phases, the fine Al2O3 particles tend to disperse on the grain boundaries. With the Nb2O5 content increasing, the grains are remarkably refined and the Al2O3 particles are dispersing more uniformly in the TiAl matrix, forming a partial lamellar structure containing α and lamellar phases. The hardness of the in-situ composites increases gradually, and the bending strength and the fracture toughness of the as-sintered products reach the maximum value of 398.5 MPa and 6.99 MPa·m^1/2, respectively, as the Nb2O5 content increases to 6 wt%.     

新型轻质隔热、透波Al-B-O 陶瓷的研究进展

Al5BO9、Al4B2O9等Al-B-O体系硼莫来石陶瓷具有低密度、低热导率、宽带隙等优异性能,在飞行器的隔热、透波、热密封等领域具有广泛的应用前景。本文系统介绍了这类新材料的结构、性能和制备方法。在理论计算方面,介绍了基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算对Al-B-O体系材料晶体结构、力学和热学性能的预测;实验方面,总结了固相反应、熔盐法、溶胶-凝胶法、热分解法和水热法等制备方法和力学、热学等实验结果,并讨论了该体系化合物的应用现状及未来发展方向。     

Al2O3/ZrO2(n)微纳米复合陶瓷超声振动精密磨削表面微观特征试验研究

 基于Al₂O₃/ZrO₂（n）微纳米复合陶瓷的“晶内型”微观结构，应用原子力显微镜(AFM)重点分析了微 纳米复合陶瓷二维超声振动磨削表面微观形貌。结合磨削表面X射线衍射定性分析与定量计算，研究了“晶内型”微纳米复合陶瓷材料超精密振动磨削表面变质层结构。X射线衍射分析表明：二维振动磨削和普通磨削表面均以α-Al₂O₃和四方相ZrO₂为主，存在少量单斜相ZrO₂，磨削表面无非晶相产生；磨削表层和基体之间的过渡层的X射线衍射峰具有半峰宽化现象。AFM分析结果表明：细粒度金刚石砂轮普通磨削和振动磨削表面均无微裂纹和断裂破碎，磨削表面粗糙度是由不同幅值的多种波形叠加的结果；AFM轮廓特征分析表明：二维超声振动磨削表面峰谷较均匀，磨削表面均匀一致性优于普通磨削表面；材料晶化过程中产生的固有缺陷是限制硬脆材料近纳米表面形成的重要因素。     

镍掺杂对α-Al2O3烧结过程、微观结构及力学性能的影响

 首先采用非均相沉淀包裹法制备金属镍包裹α-Al₂O₃复合微球粉体,然后采用热压烧结制备了Al₂O₃/Ni金属陶瓷。通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）对复合粉体及热压烧结产物的成分和结构进行了表征,利用阿基米德法测量了复合陶瓷的密度,分别通过三点弯曲法和单边切口横梁法对陶瓷试条的抗弯强度和断裂韧性进行评估。研究发现：金属镍的引入活化了α-Al₂O₃的烧结,镍粒子均匀地分布在氧化铝的晶界上,增加了弱界面,提高了氧化铝的断裂韧性,最高可达7.62 MPa·m^1/2。     

Joining of SiO2 ceramic and TC4 alloy by nanoparticles modified brazing filler metal

Nano-Al₂O₃ particles modified AgCuNi filler was adopted to braze the SiO₂ ceramic and TC4. The effects of filler size as well as the brazing temperature on the interfacial microstructure and mechanical property of the joints were investigated. Nanoscale filler reduced the phases dimension and promoted the homogeneous distribution of microstructure, obtaining a higher joint strength when compared to microscale filler. The increase of brazing temperature made the accelerating dissolution and diffusion of Ti, which promoted the increase of thickness of Ti₄O₇ + TiSi₂ layer adjacent to SiO₂ ceramic and diffusion layer zone nearby TC4 alloy. The hypoeutectic structure was produced in the brazing seam due to the high Ti content. The maximum shear strength of ∼40 MPa was obtained at 950 °C for 10 min.     

SCC evaluation of a 2297 Al-Li alloy rolled plate using the slow-strain rate technique

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of 2297 Al-Li alloy in 1 M NaCl + 0.01 M H₂O₂ solution (CP solution) and 1 M NaCl + 0.01 M H₂O₂ + 0.6 M Na₂SO₄ solution (CPS solution) was investigated by slow-strain rate tests at various strain rates ranging from 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹ to 10⁻⁷ s⁻¹. The roles of H₂O₂ and SO₄²⁻ in the corrosion process were estimated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. 2297 Al-Li alloy does not fracture ascribed to SCC in CP solution, while it undergoes SCC in CPS solution. In CPS solution, with a decreasing strain rate from 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹ to 10⁻⁷ s⁻¹, the SCC susceptibility firstly rises and then declines exhibiting a peak value at a strain rate of 10⁻⁶ s⁻¹. H₂O₂ promotes the active dissolution while SO₄²⁻ lowers the corrosion rate. The SCC fracture is associated with a decline in the dissolution rate of the crack tip by SO₄²⁻, which leads to stress concentration. In CPS solution, a reduction in the local dissolution rate of the crack tip leads to stress concentration, resulting in SCC fracture. As the preferred initiation site for a crack, pits also show a noteworthy effect on SCC of 2297 Al-Li alloy.     

Preparation and Characterization of Fe3O4/T-ZnOw Composites

Fe3O4/T-ZnOw composites are fabricated by depositing a layer of Fe3O4 film on the surface of tetrapod-shaped ZnO whisker (T-ZnOw) by ferrite plating method. The morphology, structure and magnetic properties of the composites are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), respectively. The effects of temperature and pH value of ferrite plating on the Fe3O4/T-ZnOw composites and the magnetic properties of composites are studied. It is shown that the chemical environment with pH value at 7.5 is most favorable for the ferrite plating processes by analyzing the main peaks intensity of Fe3O4 in the XRD patterns and the average diameters of the Fe3O4 crystalline. The increase of the ferrite plating temperature with pH value around 7.5 benefits the whole encapsulation of T-ZnOw by the Fe3O4 magnetic films. The composites exhibit ferromagnetic properties and show much lower magnetization intensity than bulk samples at the same magnetic field intensity.     

微球型炭泡沫复合材料力学性能的研究

为表征微球含量对碳泡沫复合材料的影响,以自制热固性酚醛树脂与不同体积分数的酚醛空心微球配比混合,采用模压成型法,制备酚醛泡沫材料;再将其在Ar气保护下高温碳化处理,得到微球型碳泡沫复合材料;研究碳泡沫复合材料的微观结构及空心微球的体积分数对碳泡沫的压缩性能、断裂韧性的影响。结果表明：随着空心微球含量的增加,复合材料的压缩断裂特征由梯度式脆性断裂模式向假塑性断裂模式转变,其断裂韧性也得到了明显改善;空心微球含量为80v01．％的碳泡沫韧性最佳;适当提高空心微球含量,可改善碳泡沫的比压缩强度,空心微球含量为70v01．％的碳泡沫的比压缩强度可达43．32MPa·cm3·g-1。     

激光烧结Al_2O_3-TiO_2陶瓷复合材料组织结构研究

利用冷等静压激光烧结复合技术制备了Al2O3-TiO2陶瓷块体。采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪对烧结块体的微观形貌和成分进行了分析。结果表明,利用上述方法制备的Al2O3-TiO2陶瓷没有明显的裂纹及微孔,块体的致密度高。陶瓷块体表面由互相交错的柱状晶组成,有利于防止沿晶断裂;而涂层的横截面呈典型的等轴晶结构,这种结构具有很高的韧性和强度,大大提高了陶瓷的性能。同时,探讨了激光与陶瓷材料相互作用及致密化过程,为以后的研究工作打下基础。     

Al2 O3 掺杂对SiO2 纳米透波/ 隔热材料性能的影响

在溶胶-凝胶过程中加入纳米Al2O3 颗粒制备Al2O3 掺杂的SiO2 纳米透波/ 隔热材料,研究了

Al2O3 掺杂对材料高温热稳定性、介电性能及隔热性能的影响。结果表明,Al2O3 掺杂阻碍了SiO2 颗粒之间的

烧结,提高了材料的使用温度;材料介电常数符合Lichtenecker 对数法则;室温热导率略有提高,通过组合结构

改善了材料的隔热性能。

     

SiB6陶瓷的制备、性能及应用

文摘介绍了富硼化合物陶瓷的性能,SiB_6的晶体结构、热力学性质及几种主要合成和烧结方法,综述了SiB_6的抗高温氧化、力学、摩擦学、电学性能及其应用,提出了今后的发展方向。     

等离子喷涂LaTi2Al9O19热障涂层的微观组织结构及热物理性能

 第一代热障涂层(TBCs)由氧化钇部分稳定的氧化锆(YSZ)陶瓷隔热层和金属粘结层组成,该涂层长期使用温度低于1 200℃。随着先进航空发动机向着高推重比发展,迫切要求发展新一代超高温、高隔热热障涂层材料。LaTi₂Al₉O₁₉(LTA)在1 500℃长期保持相稳定,是一种非常有前景的超高温热障涂层候选材料。本文采用大气等离子喷涂(APS)制备了LTA涂层,研究了喷涂工艺对涂层微观组织结构和热物理性能的影响。结果表明沉积态涂层中含少量的非晶态,在860℃和1 130℃出现晶化峰。等离子喷涂过程中La₂O₃挥发量较多,导致沉积态涂层中La元素与原始粉末相比含量偏低,而其他组分的化学成分随喷涂功率变化不大。LTA涂层的热扩散系数在1 400℃下为0.3~0.4 mm²·s^-1,热导率为1.1~1.6 W·m^-1·K^-1。1 050℃经过20小时热处理后,得到晶化的涂层在晶化温度范围内的热扩散系数和热导率值均增大。随着喷涂功率减小,涂层孔隙率增加,热导率减小。     

Impermeability of Y3Al5O12 ceramic against molten glassy calcium-magnesium-alumina-silicate

Degradation of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) caused by calcium-magnesium-alumina-silica (CMAS) glassy penetration is becoming an urgent issue for TBCs industrial applications. In this work, yttrium aluminum garnet (Y₃Al₅O₁₂, YAG) nano-powders were synthesized through a chemical co-precipitation route. The resistance of YAG ceramic to glassy CMAS infiltration at 1250?°C was evaluated. YAG ceramic bulk sintered at 1700?°C for 10?h was comprised of a single garnet-type Y₃Al₅O₁₂ phase. The molten CMAS glass was suppressed on the surface of the YAG ceramic at 1250?°C. A chemical reaction between YAG and the molten CMAS glass did not occur at 1250?°C for 24?h, suggesting that YAG could act as an impermeable material against glassy CMAS deposits in the TBC field.     

固冲发动机补燃室氧化铝凝固过程研究

基于经典形核理论,研究了氧化铝液滴冷却凝固过程中液滴温度以及固相体积分数等参数的变化,计算了不同条件下液滴形核、再辉等阶段的凝固速率。在此基础上,对固体火箭冲压发动机补燃室内的氧化铝凝固过程进行了分析。研究表明:液滴初始粒径和环境温度对凝固速率影响很大,环境温度越高,液滴凝固越慢。在补燃室环境中,氧化铝所处的区域不同,其形态也不尽相同。在补燃室头部掺混区,氧化铝主要是以液态或固液混合态存在,固相体积分数较小;在低温区域,氧化铝主要是以固态或固液混合态存在,固相体积分数较大。