Workspace,stiffness analysis and design optimization of coupled active-passive multilink cable-driven space robots for on-orbit services

The use of space robots (SRs) for on-orbit services (OOSs) has been a hot research topic in recent years. However, the space unstructured environment (i.e.: confined spaces, multiple obstacles, and strong radiation interference) has greatly restricted the application of SRs. The coupled active-passive multilink cable-driven space robot (CAP-MCDSR) has the characteristics of slim body, flexible movement, and electromechanical separation, which is very suitable for extreme space environments. However, the dynamic and stiffness modeling of CAP-MCDSRs is challenging, due to the complex coupling among the active cables, passive cables, joints, and the end-effector. To deal with these problems, this paper proposes a workspace, stiffness analysis and design optimization method for such type of MCDSRs. Firstly, the multi-coupling kinematics relationships among the joint, cables and the end-effector are established. Based on hybrid series-parallel characteristics, the improved coupled active–passive (CAP) dynamic equation is derived. Then, the maximum workspace, the maximum stiffness, and the minimum cable tension are resolved, among them, the overall stiffness is the superposition of the stiffness produced by the active and the passive cable. Furthermore, the workspace, the stiffness, and the cable tension are analyzed by using the nonlinear optimization method (NOPM). Finally, an 8-DOF CAP-MCDSR experiment system is built to verify the proposed modeling and trajectory tracking methods. The proposed modeling and analysis results are very useful for practical space applications, such as designing a new CAP-MCDSR, or utilizing an existing CAP-MCDSR system.     

主被动复合驱动空间探测柔性伸杆机构的参数匹配

基于主被动复合驱动的思想提出一种大伸展/收拢比、高载荷/自重比的新型伸缩式伸杆机构,以满足微纳探测器的实际应用需求,用于支撑各类探测载荷远离航天器本体,避免本体剩磁对空间待测信号的干扰,保证探测数据的准确性。首先,探索描述被动驱动源（弹簧铰链）的力矩驱动特性;然后,分析柔性伸杆的弯曲、扭转、压平和卷曲等力学性能。在此基础上,结合建立的柔性伸杆伸展速度、负载动能、弹簧铰链势能及主动驱动（电动机）力矩等参数的能量流约束方程,进行主、被动驱动和柔性伸杆的参数匹配研究;最后,利用有限元软件仿真和样机平台实验验证了参数匹配的合理性。仿真与实验结果表明,针对主被动复合驱动的空间探测柔性伸杆机构,通过合理的参数匹配,可实现柔性伸杆无褶皱地平稳伸展和收拢,为后续的机构设计和控制方案奠定了基础。     

主被动复合驱动空间探测柔性伸杆机构的参数匹配简

 基于主被动复合驱动的思想提出一种大伸展/收拢比、高载荷/自重比的新型伸缩式伸杆机构,以满足微纳探测器的实际应用需求,用于支撑各类探测载荷远离航天器本体,避免本体剩磁对空间待测信号的干扰,保证探测数据的准确性。首先,探索描述被动驱动源（弹簧铰链）的力矩驱动特性;然后,分析柔性伸杆的弯曲、扭转、压平和卷曲等力学性能。在此基础上,结合建立的柔性伸杆伸展速度、负载动能、弹簧铰链势能及主动驱动（电动机）力矩等参数的能量流约束方程,进行主、被动驱动和柔性伸杆的参数匹配研究;最后,利用有限元软件仿真和样机平台实验验证了参数匹配的合理性。仿真与实验结果表明,针对主被动复合驱动的空间探测柔性伸杆机构,通过合理的参数匹配,可实现柔性伸杆无褶皱地平稳伸展和收拢,为后续的机构设计和控制方案奠定了基础。     

完全解耦3T2R并联机器人构型综合方法

针对并联机构内部耦合性带来运动学和动力学分析困难的问题,基于G_F集理论提出一种简单而有效的三移动两转动(3T2R)完全解耦构型综合方法。首先,阐述G_F集并联机器人构型理论;其次,根据G_F集的求和运算和转动轴线迁移定理,给出了机构输入运动副选择原则以及解耦支链设计准则;按照完全解耦并联机构设计步骤,列举出了3T2R并联机构各解耦分支运动链,综合出了含有单、双驱动支链的3T2R五自由度完全解耦并联机构,得到了大量新构型;通过所综合出的一种新型并联机构,运用约束螺旋法对机构的自由度数目和运动特性进行分析,根据机构输入与输出参数间关系式,求解得到机构雅可比矩阵,验证了机构的解耦特性,进一步证明了该构型方法的有效性。研究对解耦并联机构的构型设计具有理论指导意义。     

基于有限元法的转子细观结构对宏观刚度的影响

基于有限元法,通过研究转子内部细观结构非线性环节对宏观系统动力学参数影响的规律,构建了降维映射函数的研究思路.针对某型航空发动机轮盘拉杆螺栓接触结构,通过适当简化转子模型,利用ANSYS软件分析轮盘不同偏心状况下,拉杆螺栓不同预紧状态对宏观刚度的影响,探究其刚度非线性特性.结果表明:螺栓均匀预紧,预紧力变化,转子系统非线性特征的变化趋势与偏心夹角有关;半数螺栓松动,偏心夹角越大、松动预紧力越小,非线性特征越明显.      

V型尾翼布局弹性体飞机操纵性分析

使用静气动弹性分析方法,对双尾撑V型尾翼布局飞机纵向静气动弹性特性随飞行动压、迎角、尾撑纵向弯曲刚度的变化趋势进行了分析,以期为类似布局飞机的设计提供参考。尾撑结构刚度对飞机的俯仰、偏航的操纵效率都有较大影响,需要结合飞行动压范围和质量要求合理选择尾撑结构的材料和尺寸,在设计时,严格控制尾撑的刚度指标。     

飞机油箱检查机器人的仿生结构及运动学研究

针对民航飞机油箱等内部结构复杂且充满危险气体的环境需要进行三维检查的问题,研究设计了基于仿生学的机器人结构.该机器人具有多个柔性的连续型关节,采用线驱动方式控制关节的弯曲及旋转.对具有柔性特征的连续型单关节采用投影曲率法和虚坐标变换法建立了驱动绳长变化量、关节角变量和关节末端位姿三者之间的映射关系.在分析单关节运动学基础上推导出了多关节之间解耦运动学方程.对机器人进行了三维建模,采用仿真实验验证了在油箱内的空间可达性.通过实验样机实验,进一步验证了机器人的空间运动能力和所提出的运动学方法的正确性.     

Structural Nonlinear Flutter Characteristics Analysis for an Actuator-fin System with Dynamic Stiffness

The flutter characteristics of an actuator-fin system are investigated with structural nonlinearity and dynamic stiffness of the electric motor. The component mode substitution method is used to establish the nonlinear governing equations in time domain and frequency domain based on the fundamental dynamic equations of the electric motor and decelerator. The existing describing function method and a proposed iterative method are used to obtain the flutter characteristics containing preload freeplay nonlinea...     

密林环境空地协同GNSS/UWB快速高精度定位技术

针对密林中卫星信号遮挡难以实现快速高精度定位的问题,提出了一种密林环境空地协同全球卫星导航系统/超宽带(GNSS/UWB)高精度定位方法。该方法综合考虑无人机平台在空旷环境快速运动与超宽带的强穿透性测量等特征,通过无人机携带GNSS/UWB集成化载荷,以移动单基站模拟多基站,配合密林中UWB标签组网测距,完成密林中UWB标签定位。对基站布设方案展开研究,为密林环境下空地协同GNSS/UWB快速高精度定位技术应用提供基站布设指导和依据,并且利用密林环境下实测测距实验+仿真定位实验对提出的方法进行验证。结果表明,所述方法可有效实现密林环境下的快速高精度定位,精度达到分米级,并且通过优选基站布设网型、范围及高度可有效提高定位精度,为密林环境下快速高精度定位方法提供了理论支撑。     

电缆密封结构的有限元分析

针对新型电缆密封结构的密封挡板、密封结构板、橡胶密封板及其连接螺栓建立了有限元模型,考虑了几何、边界及材料非线性因素,计算了模型在螺栓预紧力和气压作用下电缆密封结构的应力和变形,校核该结构的强度是否满足设计要求。结果表明,密封结构的局部出现屈服,需更换更高强度的材料;密封结构密封性能良好,密封性能试验验证了计算结果的合理性。     

Preload relaxation analysis and reliable life prediction of space connection and separation device based on accelerated degradation tests

The safety and reliability of space connection and separation device has become a key issue due to the increasing service span of deep space exploration mission. The long-term preload relaxation (a key failure mode) of connection and separation devices is focused in this paper. A series of tests have been designed and implemented to investigate the preload relaxation regulation and a comprehensive method has been constructed to analyze and predict the reliable lifetime of the device. The two-stage preload relaxation law of the device is found and reasonably considered. Due to the different relaxation mechanism, the first-stage preload relaxation is assessed based on the working-condition test results, and the second-stage preload relaxation is characterized by accelerated test results. Finally, the service reliability and reliable life are evaluated. The experiment and assessment results demonstrate the reasonability and effectiveness of the proposed method which can achieve long-service reliability analysis for space connection and separation device within limited time.     

Statistical analysis for rotational motion of a light descent capsule under deployment of a space cable system

The results of the statistical analysis for the rotational motion of a light descent capsule under deployment of the orbital cable system are presented. At mathematical simulation a cable is considered to be a weightless inextensible mechanical linkage. The cable is deployed according to the predetermined law. The basic spacecraft is oriented along the local geovertical by means of its own stabilization system. The simulation is carried out by the statistical testing method. The motion characteristics being studied include: modulus of the capsule angular velocity and the nutation angle at the final point of the cable deployment.     

浅析网络线缆分析仪插入损耗的校准

针对网络线缆分析仪插入损耗的校准,本文采用插入法和替代法分别进行了校准实验,并通过数据分析比较两种方法对测试结果的影响,得出了选用替代法校准更为适宜的结论。对替代法测试数据进行不确定度评定分析,证明了本文选用替代法能达到校准网络线缆分析仪插入损耗的要求。     

基于任务的硬式加油伸缩管操纵品质研究

操纵品质是评价和设计硬式空中加油伸缩管的重要指标,但目前尚未有系统性的评价伸缩管操纵品质的方法和结论。为了解决现有投入使用的伸缩管型号较少即用于品质研究的样本不足的问题,在对伸缩管本体特性进行分析之后,引入了可以通过改变参考模型参数而获得不同闭环响应特性的控制系统。结合伸缩管的任务特性,设计了在空中加油模拟器上完成的操纵品质试验,并采用主观以及客观两方面的评定手段对具有不同闭环响应特性的评定样本进行了操纵品质评定,从而建立了基于任务的伸缩管操纵品质评定方法。最后,利用低阶等效拟配方法获得了伸缩管的低阶等效参数,通过对多个样本的低阶等效参数与任务评定结果进行统计分析得到了伸缩管俯仰轴和偏航轴的操纵品质等级边界,从而完成伸缩管操纵品质要求的研究。建立的评定方法和操纵品质要求可以作为指导伸缩管设计与评定的理论依据。     

Machining fixture for adaptive CNC machining process of near-net-shaped jet engine blade

Low stiffness and positioning problems are difficulties and challenges in the precise machining of near-net-shaped blades. This paper aims to achieve high accuracy in manufacturing by fixture- and deformation-control in the adaptive CNC machining process. Adaptive CNC machining technology is first analyzed, and new fixture-evaluation criteria and methods to evaluate the adaptive CNC machining process fixture design are built. Second, a machining fixture is designed and manufactured after analyzing its positioning scheme, clamping scheme, materials (PEEK-GF30), and structure characteristics. Finally, the designed fixture is analyzed by FEA and experimentally verified by a cutting experiment. The results show that the deformation of the blade is an overall rigid-body displacement, the main deformation of the blade-fixture system occurs on the four clamping heads, and this fixture can effectively protect the blade from local deformation. The proposed clamping-sequence method reliably and effectively controls the local maximum deformation of the blade. The system stiffness is increased by 20 Hz, with each clamping force increased by 200 N. Both high- and low-frequency displacement in roughing milling or finishing milling are acceptable relative to the accuracy demand of blade machining. This fixture and an adaptive CNC machining process can achieve high accuracy in blade manufacturing.     

Influence and experiment of cable-net manufacturing errors on surface accuracy of mesh reflector antennas

Cable-net structures are of substantial importance in the construction of large mesh reflector antennas. Owing to the inevitable errors in their manufacturing process, the reflector surface accuracy deteriorates. This study makes a comprehensive investigation of random manufacturing errors during constructing the mesh reflector antennas, and analyze its influence on reflector surface accuracy. Firstly, the sensitivity of reflector surface accuracy with respect to the random errors of the unstressed cable length is mathematically deducted. Secondly, a non-button connecting method is proposed and analyzed to reduce manufacturing errors. Thirdly, two physical experiment models based on 2.62-meter mesh reflector antenna are made. Finally, numerical examples and experimental tests are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with the traditional method, the proposed method can effectively reduce the influence of the manufacturing errors on the reflector surface accuracy. Moreover, the reduction in the sizes of the nodes also reduces the risk of entanglement of the mesh reflector antenna during the deployment process, and thereby improves the deployment reliability.     

High Range Resolution Profile Automatic Target Recognition Using Sparse Representation

Sparse representation is a new signal analysis method which is receiving increasing attention in recent years. In this article, a novel scheme solving high range resolution profile automatic target recognition for ground moving targets is proposed. The sparse representation theory is applied to analyzing the components of high range resolution profiles and sparse coefficients are used to describe their features. Numerous experiments with the target type number ranging from 2 to 6 have been implemented. Results show that the proposed scheme not only provides higher recognition preciseness in real time, but also achieves more robust performance as the target type number increases.     

Dynamics,stability, and control of a four-cable mount system for wind tunnel test

A four-cable mount system is proposed for full-model wind tunnel flutter tests, which may adjust the pitch and roll attitude of the aircraft scaled model and ensure that the model is not subjected to cable tension. The system provides sufficient support to simulate the free flight of the aircraft by applying appropriate spring stiffness and cable tensions. The proposed four-cable mount system is modeled based on Lagrange mechanics, and its dynamics equations consider aerodynamic effects. The singularity of the system and its bifurcation characteristics under flow conditions are analysed to determine the supercritical bifurcation phenomenon for different tension levels and distances from the front suspension point to the mass centre of the model. The mathematical expressions of the longitudinal flight stability of the cable mount system are derived by linearising the system dynamics equations using small perturbations. The influence of the cable tension, spring stiffness, suspension point position, and other factors on the flight stability of the aircraft are analysed. A feedforward control algorithm is proposed to minimize the total elastic potential energy of the system. The results show that the model is in the level flight state when the elastic potential energy of the four-cable mount system is minimized. A feedback control design method is proposed based on the Lyapunov stability theory to derive the closed-loop stability conditions. The system dynamics model that includes the aircraft rigid body model, flexible cables, pulleys, springs, aerodynamic model, and servo motor control is established using the flexible multibody dynamics method. A multibody dynamics solver and Simulink are used to simulate the attitude adjustment of the model in the wind tunnel and verify the supercritical bifurcation characteristics of the system and the effectiveness of the feedback and feedforward control.     

直升机尾桨/尾梁耦合动稳定性分析

根据激振实验数据,应用加速度响应频响函数方程组求解尾桨毂中心处的各阶模态频率,采用加速度导纳圆方法求得尾梁在尾桨毂中心处各阶模态的质量、阻尼和刚度。利用特征值方法分析了尾桨/尾梁耦合共振动稳定性。结果表明,尾梁纵向和垂向一阶模态是可能与尾桨摆振后退型模态产生耦合共振的危险模态,提高尾桨减摆器储能模量和尾梁一阶固有频率有利于提高系统稳定性。     

硬式加油伸缩杆非线性解耦控制仿真研究

多输入/输出、耦合、非线性硬式空中加油伸缩杆解耦控制是加油控制系统设计的关键。当系统满足一定条件时,采用逆系统方法将原系统等效为线性系统,并在此基础上对解耦系统进行PI控制,以实现满意的控制效果。通过MATLAB/SIMULINK建立了伸缩杆模型并设计了解耦控制器,仿真结果表明该解耦方法很好地消除了系统间的耦合作用,能够满足工程设计的需要。