考虑随机型不确定性的浸入式颤振求解方法

气动弹性模型中的参数不确定性一般具有一定的分布规律,为了定量分析随机型参数不确定性对颤振的影响特性,考虑气动弹性系统中广义刚度的随机型不确定性,基于浸入式随机多项式展开(PCE)方法,在传统的颤振求解方法——p-k法的基础上,提出了针对不确定性气动弹性系统稳定性分析的增广p-k法——PCEPK(Polynomial Chaos Expansion with p-k)法,并将该方法应用到某机翼的颤振分析中,研究了均匀分布下的广义刚度不确定性对颤振边界的影响,并同基于结构奇异值μ理论的鲁棒颤振分析的结果和计算效率进行了对比。最后,采用标准的蒙特卡罗模拟(Monte Carlo Simulation,MCS)方法验证了结果的正确性。研究结果表明,PCEPK法计算的颤振边界范围是该分布下的"确定"结果,不因随机样本数而改变,克服了随机方法依赖样本数的缺点。同时,与基于结构奇异值理论的鲁棒颤振分析方法相比,它能够考虑不确定性参数分布对颤振特性的影响,具有更广泛的适用范围。     

鲁棒颤振裕度法的应用

介绍了一种新的确定颤振边界的方法——鲁棒颤振裕度法。利用结构奇异值理论将颤振理论模型和试飞数据有机结合起来,进行了颤振边界预测。仿真结果表明,该方法是可行的。     

二维翼段颤振的μ控制

 采用超声电机作为作动器来实现含控制面的翼段颤振鲁棒抑制。针对作者设计的二维翼段颤振主动抑制系统，通过理论与实验相结合的方法，建立了考虑沉浮方向阻尼和作动器模型参数不确定性的控制系统模型，设计了μ控制器，并对控制器做了降阶处理。数值仿真和风洞试验表明，μ控制器可有效地抑制颤振的发生，将颤振临界速度提高23.4%。相对于H_∞控制器，μ控制器的控制效果和鲁棒性更好。     

考虑气动不确定性的鲁棒机翼颤振抑制

对一柔性机翼颤振抑制的鲁棒控制律设计用作考虑频域气动不确定性的鲁棒气动侍服弹性稳定性分析，提出用最小控制功率使机翼稳定的问题。因此，在鲁棒闭环稳定约束情况下把数字优化用于简单低阶控制装置的范数最小化。通过对结构奇异值的上界和从线性稳定性分析得到的特征值提出约束，在优化问题上强制鲁棒稳定性，用增益调度综合得到的控制装置，并在风洞实验中演示了鲁棒机翼颤振抑制。     

一种高安全性颤振边界预测方法

传统的颤振试飞主要通过计算多个不同飞行状态下的阻尼比,外推出颤振临界速度,该方法存在一定的风险。为此,发展了一种基于亚临界响应的高安全性颤振边界预测方法。该方法利用三维弹性机翼在气流中的一个亚临界响应,解算出作用在机翼上的非定常模态气动力系数。通过系统辨识获得与动压无关的非定常气动力模型,进一步通过流固耦合分析求解颤振临界特性。并以AGARD 445.6机翼的颤振边界预测为例,在仿真环境中验证了该方法的可行性。在此基础上,进一步研究了一个固定马赫数下响应测试动压与颤振临界动压的比值对预测精度的影响。     

15米翼展太阳能飞机机翼颤振分析和刚度设计

太阳能飞机小刚度和大变形的特点导致其普遍存在颤振问题,因此有必要合理建立太阳能飞机的动力学模型并进行颤振分析。以国内某15米翼展太阳能飞机为研究对象,建立初始的动力学模型,然后根据目标颤振速度调节模型刚度,得到了与目标颤振速度匹配的机翼主梁刚度,从而实现太阳能飞机的动力学反向建模,并在此基础上进行颤振分析,形成完整的太阳能飞机颤振分析设计方法。结果表明:该机翼扭转刚度增大70%,其颤振速度可提高29%。本文方法可用于指导15米太阳能飞机的防颤振设计。     

考虑随机和认知混合不确定性的航空发动机燃烧效率灵敏度分析

针对燃烧室初步设计阶段输入参数存在混合不确定性的特点,提出一种概率盒框架下的全局灵敏度分析方法。简单介绍了航空发动机燃烧效率的一维计算方法;在随机和认知混合不确定性的概率盒表征基础上,使用Sobol指标的上下限表征概率盒中随机与认知混合不确定性对响应的贡献程度;最后基于双层嵌套蒙特卡洛/非嵌入式多项式混沌展开（Monte Carlo Simulation/Non-intrusive Polynomial Chaos Expansion,MCS/NIPCE）方法对概率盒灵敏度指标进行求解,筛选出重要变量和次要变量,实现模型的降维。通过某航空发动机燃烧效率的全局灵敏度分析对所提出的方法进行了验证。研究结果表明,Sobol指标的上下限可以显著表征概率盒灵敏度指标,在保证计算精度的前提下,双层MCS/NIPCE方法的计算效率要远远高于传统双层蒙特卡洛（Monte Carlo Simulation, MCS/MCS）方法,可获得考虑随机和认知混合不确定性情况下燃烧效率输入参数的重要性排序。     

复杂结冰环境下飞机鲁棒飞行安全包线分析

结冰是威胁飞行安全的重要环境因素，研究复杂结冰环境下飞机的飞行安全包线对于飞行安全边界保护，确保飞机飞行安全具有重要意义。以RCAM为研究对象，利用时间尺度分离原则将飞机解耦成两个子系统，建立了考虑飞机横向运动的纵向运动模型和复杂结冰环境下鲁棒气动导数模型。基于可达集最优控制理论，以反向可达集作为飞机复杂结冰环境下的飞行安全包线，利用可达性分析研究结冰及横向滚转运动对飞行安全包线的影响，在此基础上，进一步分析考虑不同结冰程度下结冰位置、冰型及分布等不确定性结冰情况时飞机的鲁棒飞行安全包线。仿真结果表明，随着结冰程度增加，飞行安全包线不断收缩，当考虑结冰不确定性因素时，轻度结冰条件下的鲁棒飞行安全包线较重度结冰条件下收缩更为严重。因此，即使飞机只是遭遇轻度结冰，但当存在不确定性因素时，飞行风险仍然较大，飞行员应该保持警惕。研究结果可为飞机在复杂结冰环境下的边界保护提供支撑和参考。     

多控制面飞行器结构与配平鲁棒气动弹性优化方法

基于遗传算法,提出了一种考虑多控制面飞行器结构参数和配平关系中的不确定性的鲁棒气动弹性优化方法,并在一个带有主动气动弹性机翼(AAW)的复杂小展弦比飞机的结构和控制面传动比的鲁棒设计中得到了应用.以非概率形式来衡量设计变量的不确定性变化,采用单目标函数形式,并引入一个反映目标函数相对变化的额外约束来描述鲁棒优化问题.在...     

不完全概率信息的压杆稳定可靠性鲁棒设计

将可靠性设计理论和鲁棒设计方法相结合, 讨论了不完全概率信息的压杆稳定可靠性鲁棒设计问题, 提出了稳定可靠性鲁棒设计的计算方法.把可靠性灵敏度溶入可靠性优化设计模型之中, 将稳定可靠性鲁棒设计归结为满足可靠性要求的多目标优化问题.在基本随机参数的前四阶矩已知的情况下, 通过计算机程序可以实现不完全概率信息的压杆稳定可靠性鲁棒设计, 迅速准确地得到不完全概率信息的压杆稳定可靠性鲁棒设计信息.      

采用乘性速压摄动的频域颤振预测方法

 在鲁棒颤振分析方法基础上,提出一种乘性速压摄动表达式,使得颤振系统成为不确定性系统,并直接应用简谐气动力建立其μ框架,从而可以通过频域μ分析预测颤振临界点。导出了判定颤振临界点的μ极值条件,并给出其算法实现。该方法属于频域方法,在理论上具有良好的一致性;且无需求解颤振特征值,从根本上避免了经典的颤振分析方法中可能出现的“窜支”问题。计算结果表明,该方法与p-k法所得结果精度相当,适用于工程颤振分析。     

Methods and advances in the study of aeroelasticity with uncertainties

Uncertainties denote the operators which describe data error, numerical error and model error in the mathematical methods. The study of aeroelasticity with uncertainty embedded in the subsystems, such as the uncertainty in the modeling of structures and aerodynamics, has been a hot topic in the last decades. In this paper, advances of the analysis and design in aeroelasticity with uncertainty are summarized in detail. According to the non-probabilistic or probabilistic uncer- tainty, the developments of theories, methods and experiments with application to both robust and probabilistic aeroelasticity analysis are presented, respectively. In addition, the advances in aeroelastic design considering either probabilistic or non-probabilistic uncertainties are introduced along with aeroelastic analysis. This review focuses on the robust aeroelasticity study based on the structured singular value method, namely the ~t method. It covers the numerical calculation algo- rithm of the structured singular value, uncertainty model construction, robust aeroelastic stability analysis algorithms, uncertainty level verification, and robust flutter boundary prediction in the flight test, etc. The key results and conclusions are explored. Finally, several promising problems on aeroelasticity with uncertainty are proposed for future investigation.     

Reliability and Sensitivity Analysis of Transonic Flutter Using Improved Line Sampling Technique

The improved line sampling (LS) technique, an effective numerical simulation method, is employed to analyze the probabilistic characteristics and reliability sensitivity of flutter with random structural parameter in transonic flow. The improved LS technique is a novel methodology for reliability and sensitivity analysis of high dimensionality and low probability problem with implicit limit state function, and it does not require any approximating surrogate of the implicit limit state equation. The improved LS is used to estimate the flutter reliability and the sensitivity of a two-dimensional wing, in which some structural properties, such as frequency, parameters of gravity center and mass ratio, are considered as random variables. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based unsteady aerodynamic reduced order model (ROM) method is used to construct the aerodynamic state equations. Coupling structural state equations with aerodynamic state equations, the safety margin of flutter is founded by using the critical velocity of flutter. The results show that the improved LS technique can effectively decrease the computational cost in the random uncertainty analysis of flutter. The reliability sensitivity, defined by the partial derivative of the failure probability with respect to the distribution parameter of random variable, can help to identify the important parameters and guide the structural optimization design.     

Epistemic uncertainty quantification in flutter analysis using evidence theory

Aimed at evaluating the structural stability and flutter risk of the system, this paper manages to quantify epistemic uncertainty in flutter analysis using evidence theory, including both parametric uncertainty and method selection uncertainty, on the basis of information from limited experimental data of uncertain parameters. Two uncertain variables of the actuator coupling system with unknown probability distributions, that is bending and torsional stiffness, which are both described with multiple intervals and the basic belief assignment(BBA) extricated from the modal test of actuator coupling systems, are taken into account. Considering the difference in dealing with experimental data by different persons and the reliability of various information sources, a new combination rule of evidence––the generalized lower triangular matrices method is formed to acquire the combined BBA. Finally the parametric uncertainty and the epistemic uncertainty of flutter analysis method selection are considered in the same system to realize quantification. A typical rudder of missile is selected to examine the present method, and the dangerous range of velocity as well as relevant belief and plausibility functions is obtained. The results suggest that the present method is effective in obtaining the lower and upper bounds of flutter probability and assessing flutter risk of structures with limited experimental data of uncertain parameters and the belief of different methods.     

一种改进的航空发动机结构概率风险评估方法

针对航空发动机适航条款FAR33.75中关于发动机限寿件(ELLP)结构失效概率要求,提出了一种基于Kriging和蒙特卡罗半径外重要抽样(MCROIS)混合的结构概率风险评估方法。该方法针对ELLP高维、小失效概率事件以及极限状态函数为隐式、高度非线性的特点,利用Kriging元模型模拟隐式极限状态函数,然后通过主动学习迭代算法,计算最优点(MPP,最接近设计验算点的样本点),更新实验设计(DOE)并提高Kriging元模型的模拟精度。在此基础上,利用Kriging元模型确定最优抽样半径,构造半径外重要抽样密度函数,在最优抽样半径确定区域进行抽样,通过构造主动学习函数,使样本点更多落在抽样半径确定的球区域附近,加速失效概率计算的收敛,并构建了ELLP风险概率模型,解决了高维、小失效概率事件以及隐式、非线性极限状态函数的发动机结构概率风险评估难题,以某型发动机低压压气机轮盘为应用示例,与传统的蒙特卡罗仿真(MCS)方法进行了对比,验证了该方法的高效率、鲁棒性和仿真精度。     

Match Point Solution for Robust Flutter Analysis in Constant-Mach Prediction

This paper presents a method for robust flutter computation which uses flight altitude as the perturbation variable in order to obtain a match point solution. The air density and sound speed of standard atmosphere model are approximated as the polynomial function of altitude, such that the flight altitude becomes the single perturbation variable that describes the aeroelastic system. The uncertainties of generalized stiffness and damping are considered and the uncertain aeroelastic system can be formulated as linear fractional transformation （LFT） representation which is suitable for/.t analysis framework. Finally, the match point solutions of robust flutter margins can be computed with structured singular value （SSV） theory. The robust flutter analysis method provided in this paper is suitable for constant-Mach flight flutter test and provides valuable reference for flight envelope expansion.     

机翼颤振的区间有限元分析(英文)

The influences of uncertainties in structural parameters on the flutter speed of wing are studied. On the basis of the deterministic flutter analysis model of wing, the uncertainties in structural parameters are considered and described by interval numbers. By virtue of first-order Taylor series expansion, the lower and upper bound curves of the transient decay rate coefficient versus wind velocity are given. So the interval estimation of the flutter critical wind speed of wing can be obtained, which is more reasonable than the point esti- mation obtained by the deterministic flutter analysis and provides the basis for the further non-probabilistic interval reliability analysis of wing flutter. The flow chart for interval fmite element model of flutter analysis of wing is given. The proposed interval finite element model and the stochastic finite element model for wing flutter analysis are compared by the examples of a three degrees of freedom airfoil and fuselage and a 15° sweptback wing, and the results have shown the effectiveness and feasibility of the presented model. The prominent advantage of the proposed interval finite element model is that only the bounds of uncertain parameters are required, and the probabilistic distribution densities or other statistical characteristics are not needed.     

涡轮叶片多学科可靠性及稳健设计优化

为了得到一种适用于涡轮叶片复杂结构并同时考虑可靠性及稳健性的多学科设计优化方法,将6sig-ma可靠性及稳健设计优化方法与多学科可行方法(MDF)相结合,采用二阶Taylor展开法进行可靠性及稳健性分析,实现了涡轮叶片多学科6sigma可靠性及稳健设计优化。使用Kriging近似模型并不断提高模型精度,解决了多学科可行方法计算量较大的问题。实例分析表明,与确定性多学科设计优化相比,采用该方法得到的涡轮叶片可靠性及稳健性均有大幅度提高,同时设计目标最优,满足工程应用的要求,验证了该方法在工程应用中的可行性。     

一类基于颤振行列式的颤振分析新方法

提出了一类基于颤振行列式的颤振分析新方法,分别采用颤振行列式值的模,或颤振矩阵的模最小特征值这两个指标的频域下界,来直接确定颤振临界点.根据这两个指标在颤振临界点附近取极小值的特点,编制了相应的算法.数值算例验证了这两个指标在确定颤振临界点时的等价性.该方法与传统颤振分析方法的结果精度相当,并且根据颤振临界点处的颤振特征向量还可以定量给出各模态参与颤振耦合的程度.      

基于本征方程的柔性机翼非线性颤振分析

柔性机翼在气动载荷作用下常常会产生较大的变形,颤振特性会随之发生变化,针对此问题线性理论常常难以进行合理的预测。以几何精确本征梁模型建立了机翼的运动方程,耦合ONERA-EDlin非线性气动模型,建立了柔性机翼的非线性气动弹性分析模型。利用Newton-Raphson和Backward-Differentiation-Formula(BDF)分别求解机翼的静态变形和动态响应,基于机翼平衡位置附近的线性化方程来判断系统的稳定性,进而确定颤振临界速度。通过算例验证了模型的准确性,并分析了不同刚度、后掠角、机翼安装角等参数对颤振速度的影响。