非线性气动弹性系统辨识

采用非迭代辨识算法研究非线性气动弹性系统特征。从系统的输入输出测量数据{uk,yk}kN=1中,用Ham-merstein Block-Oriented模型进行辨识。Block-Oriented模型辨识的重点是用一组与所研究系统动力学一致的先验正交基函数,本文采用气动弹性系统先验的极点信息构造正交基函数。最后,用二元机翼算例验证辨识方法的准确性。     

受地效影响飞机起飞着陆运动模型的参数辨识

利用基于最小模型误差法和线性不连续跳跃多重打靶法建立的非线性辨识法，辨识了飞机起飞着陆过程的非线性动态模型。对于包含复杂非线性项的动态系统，本方法可以从实际试验测量的系统非线性数据，确定飞机处于地面效应影响运动过程的系统模型，而不需要预先详细描述系统的非线性形式。算例表明该方法对于原始近似动态系统的状态估计是足够精确的。     

基于径向基神经网络的不确定非线性系统的鲁棒自适应控制

 针对能够采用仿射非线性表示的含有不确定动态的非线性系统 ,提出了一种鲁棒自适应控制方法 ,该方法根据离线辨识出的受控对象的已知部分 ,采用神经网络在线辨识其未知部分 ,并针对辨识得到神经网络模型采用反馈线性化方法设计出自适应控制器 ,同时引入滑模控制方法以增强控制系统的鲁棒性 ,从而实现鲁棒自适应控制。通过对具有未建模动态的非线性直升机空气动力学模型 ,设计了总距通道系统。仿真表明该方法是有效的。     

航天器捕获制动过程的质量特性在轨辨识方法研究

针对航天器系统质量、质心位置和惯性矩阵的在轨辨识问题提出一种解决方法:将系统所有未知参数以组的形式进行划分,每组未知参数都可以转化为线性表示形式,从而将一个非线性系统的参数辨识问题转化为若干个线性的子参数辨识问题;用递推式最小二乘法对每个子参数辨识问题进行求解,在对某组参数求解时所需的其他未知参数则用其估计值代替。通过该方法可将复杂非线性系统转化为若干线性系统实现系统参数在轨辨识。通过数值仿真对采用推进器激励的航天器的总质量、质心位置和惯性矩阵进行辨识,验证了方法的有效性。     

基于UKF的共轴式无人直升机模型辨识

建立了共轴式无人直升机系统非线性模型,并针对其非线性强,不同飞行模态下气动参数差异等问题,将无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)引入共轴式直升机系统非线性模型辨识,不但避免了直升机线性模型仅仅适用于悬停模态的局限性,同时为直升机系统在线自适应控制提供了基础条件,使得共轴式无人直升机自主全包线飞行成为可能.以北京航空航天大学FH-1共轴式无人直升机为例进行了仿真辨识实验.实验结果表明基于该方法的共轴式直升机在线非线性模型辨识不依赖于参数初值的选取,模型参数能在10s内收敛,各状态量辨识精度达到80%以上,明显高于传统的预报误差法(PEM),具有一定的实用性.      

基于迭代算法的复杂曲面零件三坐标测量快速精确定位方法

针对复杂曲面零件在三坐标测量过程中存在着定位难、定位精度低的问题,基于改进的迭代最近点算法,提出了考虑半径补偿的预定位与精定位的多级定位算法;并通过建立定位点几何误差与叶片定位精度的数学关系模型,结合贪婪算法与六点原则,给出了近优的定位点序列生成方法。结合定位算法与定位点序列,给出了复杂曲面零件定位迭代流程,并开发了三坐标测量定位系统。以涡轮叶片为例,通过的定位仿真和定位实验,结果表明:该系统只需测量12～18个点即可使得叶片定位误差在0.1mm以内,证明该系统能有效的提高复杂曲面零件的定位精度和效率。      

一种扑翼飞行器气动参数的辨识方法

针对实际飞行中无法直接测量的扑翼飞行器气动参数辨识问题,结合刚体六自由度模型,提出一种基于迭代学习和人工鱼群法的扑翼飞行器隐式气动参数辨识方法。鉴于扑翼飞行器飞行试验中待辨识气动参数值难以直接测量、导致一般辨识算法中梯度难以求解的问题,提出基于摄动法的梯度方向寻优方法。考虑到待辨识参数数量及辨识结果对参数初始值的敏感性,该方法采用人工鱼群算法优化计算待辨识参数初始值。且针对迭代过程中损失函数易陷入局部最优和优化速度受限问题,采用变学习因子迭代学习策略。试验结果表明,所提出的算法能有效估算出扑翼飞行器气动参数。     

基于描述函数的燃烧振荡建模与仿真

针对贫预混燃烧在燃气轮机燃烧室中的燃烧振荡问题进行主动控制技术研究，一般需依赖于较为准确的火焰动力学模型，但是通过仿真或者试验测量得到完整、准确的非线性火焰动力学响应特性都存在较大的困难。针对该问题，本文基于声学分析，结合非线性建模方法的应用，提出了一种基于描述函数的热声耦合系统分析方法，既能够体现火焰非线性动力学过程的影响，又便于实验测量与系统辨识。本文针对旋流预混燃烧室的热声耦合特性进行了实验测量，通过系统辨识得到热声耦合系统的描述函数模型，在此基础上开展热声耦合系统时域仿真分析。实验测量结果表明，包含火焰动力学过程的声波传播过程具有较强的非线性特征，并且在一定频率范围内描述函数的幅值和相位随扰动量幅值变化规律体现出较一致的规律；仿真分析结果证明了辨识得到的描述函数可以对燃烧室中的热声耦合形成过程和极限环振荡特征进行描述。     

基于SVMα阶逆系统方法的非线性预测控制

针对一类未知非线性大时延系统,利用SVM特有的表达任意非线性映射能力,辨识得到非线性系统的α阶逆模型,然后将其串在原系统前组成SVMα阶伪线性复合系统。以此复合系统为被控对象,用预测控制方法实现对其有效控制。该方法不仅将非线性系统简化成伪线性系统,而且具有良好的控制效果,控制器设计简单。     

航空发动机神经网络自适应控制研究

本文研究神经网络自适应控制方法及其在航空发动机控制中应用。结合某型航空涡喷发动机,首先研究采用神经网络进行非线性动态系统辨识,包括神经网络模型辨识的格式、输入信号形式等问题。然后,提出了一种神经网络自适应控制方法,阐明了该方法基本结构、原理。最后,在选定的设计点处进行发动机控制系统设计,当偏离设计点时,利用神经网络很强的学习、适应能力,通过在线修正神经网络参数,使控制系统仍保持良好性能。      

考虑间隙非线性的控制舵非线性气动弹性分析

间隙结构的气动弹性系统非线性颤振问题是飞行器气动弹性力学工程领域的研究热点和难点,研究 考虑间隙非线性的控制舵系统的气动弹性特性具有重要意义。基于最小状态拟合方法获得时域降阶气动力模 型,并通过Lagrange方程获得系统非线性气动弹性方程;对比分析三种不同非线性控制舵系统的极限环颤振 及非线性动力学响应特性,并与等效线化法和时域仿真的结果进行一致性对比。结果表明:俯仰和扑动弹簧刚 度的变化对系统颤振边界有显著影响,当俯仰和扑动两个方向同时含有间隙非线性时,系统在线性颤振速度内 存在倍周期、混沌等复杂非线性动力学现象。     

Nonlinear flutter wind tunnel test and numerical analysis of folding fins with freeplay nonlinearities

The flutter characteristics of folding control fins with freeplay are investigated by numerical simulation and flutter wind tunnel tests. Based on the characteristics of the structures, fins with different freeplay angles are designed. For a 0° angle of attack, wind tunnel tests of these fins are conducted, and vibration is observed by accelerometers and a high-speed camera. By the expansion of the connected relationships, the governing equations of fit for the nonlinear aeroelastic analysis are established by the free-interface component mode synthesis method. Based on the results of the wind tunnel tests, the flutter characteristics of fins with different freeplay angles are analyzed. The results show that the vibration divergent speed is increased, and the divergent speed is higher than the flutter speed of the nominal linear system. The vibration divergent speed is increased along with an increase in the freeplay angle. The developed free-interface component mode synthesis method could be used to establish governing equations and to analyze the characteristics of nonlinear aeroelastic systems. The results of the numerical simulations and the wind tunnel tests indicate the same trends and critical velocities.     

Nonlinear system identification framework of folding fins with freeplay using backbone curves

Due to wear and manufacturing tolerance, the freeplay is unavoidable in the hinges of folding fins, which exerts significant effects on the aerodynamic characteristics. This paper proposes a backbone-curve-based framework for the dynamical identification of folding fins containing the freeplay nonlinearity. With no need to measure the input force signal and the response signals of nonlinear related Degrees of Freedom (DOFs), the proposed method is more direct and elegant than most existing nonlinear identification approaches, and it contains three steps: Firstly, the underlying linear model of the folding fin structure is obtained through the modal test on its linear sub-parts, and then, the harmonic approximation solves the analytical expressions of the backbone curves of measurable DOFs. Secondly, response data measured from the sine-sweep test are used to extract the fitting points of backbone curves for these DOFs. Finally, the curve fitting approach is applied to identify the freeplay parameters. A series of numerical experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. A real-life folding fin structure is also employed to illustrate how the method can be applied. These examples demonstrate that the identification framework can give an accurate dynamic model of the folding fin structure.     

Nonlinear aeroelastic analysis of the folding fin with freeplay under thermal environment

The nonlinear aeroelastic behavior of a folding fin in supersonic flow is investigated in this paper. The finite element model of the fin is established and the deployable hinges are represented by three torsion springs with the freeplay nonlinearity. The aerodynamic grid point is assumed to be at the center of each aerodynamic box for simplicity. The aerodynamic governing equation is given by using the infinite plate spline method and the modified linear piston theory. An improved fixed-interface modal synthesis method, which can reduce the rigid connections at the interface, is developed to save the problem size and computation time. The uniform temperature field is applied to create the thermal environment. For the linear flutter analyses, the flutter speed increases first and then decreases with the rise of the hinge stiffness due to the change of the flutter coupling mechanism. For the nonlinear analyses, a larger freeplay angle results in a higher vibration divergent speed. Two different types of limit cycle oscillations and a multiperiodic motion are observed in the wide range of airspeed under the linear flutter boundary. The linear flutter speed shows a slight descend in the thermal environment, but the effect of the temperature on the vibration divergent speed is different under different hinge stiffnesses when there exists freeplay.     

具有不对称间隙的二元机翼自激振动的混沌分析

利用数值方法分析了无预荷载情况下具有不对称间隙的气动弹性非线性与结构非线性耦合的二元机翼颤振问题的动力学响应.通过研究速度比U*/U*L从零逐渐增大到1时系统的全局演化规律,发现在无预荷载的不对称分段线性系统中存在混沌运动形式,并对其进行具体分析,得到产生混沌的原因,为进一步控制和减小颤振提供理论帮助,对飞机的飞行结构设计及飞机结构的日常维护具有指导意义.     

Numerical studies of a non-linear aeroelastic system with plunging and pitching freeplays in supersonic/hypersonic regimes

The flutter and post flutter of a two-dimensional double-wedge lifting surface with combined freeplay and cubic stiffness nonlinearities in both plunging and pitching degrees-of-freedom operating in supersonic/hypersonic flight speed regimes have been analyzed. In addition to the structural nonlinearities, the third-order piston theory aerodynamics is used to evaluate the unsteady non-linear aerodynamic force and moment. Such model accounts for stiffness and damping contributions produced by the aerodynamic loads. Responses involving limit cycle oscillation and chaotic motion are observed over a large number of parameters that characterizes the aeroelastic system. Results of the present study show that the freeplay in the pitching degree-of-freedom and soft/hard cubic stiffness in the pitching and plunging degrees-of-freedom have significant effects on the LCOs exhibited by the aeroelastic system in the supersonic/hypersonic flight speed regimes. The simulations also show that the aeroelastic system behavior is greatly affected by physical structural parameters, such as the radius of gyration and the frequency ratio, especially in post-flutter regimes, when accounting for all system nonlinearities. It has been shown that at high Mach numbers the non-linear aerodynamic stiffness yields detrimental effects from the aeroelastic point of view, while the damping one do not.     

Nonlinear dynamics of a two dimensional airfoil with freeplay in an inviscid compressible flow

A state space model for the aerodynamic loads calculated by means of a linearized CFD code which models the inviscid compressible flow is used to analyze the dynamic behavior of a two dimensional airfoil with a freeplay structural nonlinearity in pitch. The state space aeroelastic equations of motion are utilized to study the existence of Hopf bifurcation points and of limit cycle oscillations. Comparisons between the solutions of the coupled Euler-structural equations and the state space equations are provided.     

基于模态综合法的含间隙折叠舵面动态特性分析

基于模态综合法对含间隙折叠舵面的非线性动态特性进行了研究。首先根据折叠舵面的结构特性建立含铰链连接的有限元模型，并采用双协调自由界面模态综合法对折叠舵面的有限元模型进行降阶。其次对不含间隙的折叠舵面进行扫频和模态实验，检验有限元模型及其降阶动力学模型的精度，并基于模型修正得到铰链的等效线性连接刚度。最后将等效线性连接刚度和间隙值进行组合，得到不同间隙下铰链的非线性连接刚度，完成含间隙折叠舵面的非线性动力学模型建立。基于非线性动力学模型对含间隙折叠舵面进行数值扫频，计算结果与实验扫频结果吻合良好，验证了所建立非线性动力学模型的精度及其在含间隙折叠舵面非线性动态特性分析中的可行性。     

Structural Nonlinear Flutter Characteristics Analysis for an Actuator-fin System with Dynamic Stiffness

The flutter characteristics of an actuator-fin system are investigated with structural nonlinearity and dynamic stiffness of the electric motor. The component mode substitution method is used to establish the nonlinear governing equations in time domain and frequency domain based on the fundamental dynamic equations of the electric motor and decelerator. The existing describing function method and a proposed iterative method are used to obtain the flutter characteristics containing preload freeplay nonlinea...     

基于Broyden法的旋翼多体系统气动弹性分析

建立了旋翼多体系统气动弹性模型并给出了一种适合于该模型响应计算的数值计算方法。采用柔性多体系统动力学方法建立旋翼气动弹性模型,利用驱动约束显著简化约束方程形式,集成大变形桨叶模型,准确考虑变形的非线性,适合于对采用柔性结构的先进旋翼进行气动弹性分析。基于Broyden法改进隐式积分法积分一步中非线性方程的求解,避免求取切线矩阵和矩阵求逆运算,保持隐式积分法具有较好稳定性的同时提高计算效率,解决了旋翼多体系统气动弹性力学方程隐式表达且具有较强非线性和较高刚性比造成的响应计算困难。通过模型旋翼桨叶响应计算验证了结构模型与气动弹性响应求解方法。采用建立的气动弹性模型计算悬停和前飞状态旋翼气动弹性稳定性,与试验结果对比验证了模型的正确性。研究了不同的稳定性计算方法、桨叶结构模型和入流模型等对悬停和前飞稳定性计算的影响,结果表明本文所采用的结构、气动模型及气动弹性稳定性计算方法提高了气动弹性稳定性分析精度。