一种长航时惯导定位误差评估的新方法

针对长航时惯导传统定位误差评估中存在的问题,提出了一种新的基于惯导误差传播函数拟合的定位误差评价新方法。基于长航时惯导系统定位误差传播模型的特点,采用三角函数建立了误差传播拟合函数,主要包含舒拉周期、地球周期和傅科周期,反映了惯导的长期误差特性。提出了惯导误差契合度的定义和计算方法,实现了对长航时惯导系统定位误差的量化评估。对两套精度大致相同的长航时惯导舰载实验数据进行了对比分析,结果表明新的评估方法能够给出更合理的定位性能优劣判断。最后,针对长航时自主导航需求提出了综合导航技术的改进建议。     

一种基于外推信息的惯导/陆基单站导航修正方案

提出了一种基于外推信息的陆基单站测距信息惯导修正方案,该方案一方面利用陆基测距系统融合捷联惯导系统（SINS）的导航信息进行惯导误差修正,充分发挥惯导系统和陆基导航系统各自的优点,进行系统间的取长补短,有效地减小导航误差;另一方面将陆基/SINS修正结果送入状态估计器求解法向速度,解算实时载体轨迹的待修正量,进而执行载体速度和方向修正,进一步提高了导弹命中精度。     

一种新的基于可解释性置信规则库的飞轮健康状态评估模型

飞轮系统的稳定运行对于航天器在轨安全影响重大，因而对飞轮系统进行健康状态评估至关重要。在进行飞轮系统健康状态评估建模时，不仅要求模型能够处理各种不确定性以保障评估结果的准确性，同时要求其具有透明合理的评估过程与可解释、可追溯的评估结果。因此，在深入研究置信规则库（BRB）建模方法的基础上，构建了一种新的基于可解释性建模的置信规则库（BRB-e）飞轮系统健康状态评估模型。首先，结合飞轮系统特征对模型的可解释性建模准则进行定义；在此基础上，设计了BRB-e评估模型的推理过程；然后，基于鲸鱼优化算法（WOA），提出了一种具有可解释性约束的BRBBRB-ee模型参数优化方法；最后，通过对某飞轮系统中轴承组件的评估案例研究，验证了模型在飞轮系统健康状态评估中的有效性。对比研究表明，BRBBRB-ee模型在评估结果准确性和评估过程可解释性方面具有一定的优势。     

捷联惯导系统大失准角下的初始对准研究

针对捷联惯导系统初始对准过程中的大失准角情况,建立了基于欧拉平台误差角概念的捷联惯导系统(SINS)非线性误差模型,对于具有加性噪声的动态方程,当状态方程为非线性而观测方程为线性时,将一种简化的UKF滤波方法运用到捷联惯导系统初始对准中,并在静基座下对捷联惯导系统大失准角初始对准进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,随着失准角的增大,简化的UKF比EKF估计精度更高,是一种在进行捷联惯导系统大失准角条件下的初始对准时实用方法。     

瞄准吊舱捷联惯导系统快速传递对准方法

 新型瞄准吊舱系统中安装捷联惯导系统,使其在跟踪、探测目标的同时具备一定的自主导航能力。吊舱系统中的捷联惯导一般采用较低精度的惯性器件配置,且传递对准实现过程受到机动条件的严格限制。针对该问题提出了一种“比力积分/角速度匹配”传递对准方法,利用主惯导导航信息与惯性器件输出,以及子惯导惯性器件输出实现子惯导的对准。推导了基于主、子惯导系统误差的数学模型,详细分析了器件精度与低动态条件对系统状态量可观测度的影响,并针对低精度惯性器件与低动态条件下的传递对准性能进行了数字仿真。仿真结果表明,该方法在器件低精度与低动态条件下,对准性能达到5′,优于常规传递对准方法,可满足瞄准吊舱捷联惯导系统的快速对准性能要求。     

平台惯导阻尼网络的优化研究

为削弱惯导系统工作状态的频繁切换对系统动态性能的影响,在对比国外装备以及近几年国内学者研究成果的基础上,探讨了基于自动补偿技术和自适应控制方案的惯导系统阻尼网络优化方法,提高了机动情况下传统惯导动态性能。     

飞行试验中对惯导系统真航向精度的一种评估方法

介绍了一种惯导系统真航向角精度的试飞评估方法.用GP S信息计算出飞行航迹作为参考基准,准确测出惯导系统输出的航迹角误差,以此间接评估惯导系统的真航向角精度.试飞结果表明,该方法科学可行.     

一种导航精度的综合评估表示方法

为了评估表示导航系统精度, 提出一种基于雷达图的综合评估表示方法, 包括速度、位置、姿态精度的评估表示。雷达图具有可视化的优点, 便于进行优劣分 析、综合评价,因此可以直观地将导航系统的精度表达出来。以捷联惯导系统和全球卫 星定位系统的组合导航系统精度对比分析为例进行研究,采用雷达图的方式取得了较好 的对比分析效果。将雷达图应用在组合导航系统的精度评估中,可简明直观地考核其精 度和性能,这为导航系统精度评估表示提供了一种有效的手段。     

舰载捷联惯导数字仿真器的设计与研究

针对舰载惯导系统在边界工作条件尤其是极地地区性能评估存在实时输出数据难度大的问题,以舰艇的运动特性为依据,建立舰艇的运动学模型和惯性器件的数学模型,设计了一种舰载捷联惯导系统数字仿真器,实现了在不同的航行状态、不同的海况条件,以及不同的惯性器件精度条件下惯导系统的实时仿真,仿真输出的数据在虚拟多功能显示器以文字和曲线的形式显示。结果表明,该仿真器能灵活的模拟各种导航参数,有助于突破舰载导航系统性能评估受试验海域和试验载体等因素限制的局限性,可以为研究边界工作条件下惯导系统性能提供试验依据。     

基于捷联惯导系统的车载导弹动态快速对准技术

导弹的惯导系统初始对准时间和精度直接影响武器装备的机动性和打击精度,如何缩短弹体惯导系统的对准时长以减少车载陆基导弹发射准备时间是各国装备研发人员的重要研究方向.以基于捷联惯导系统的车载陆基导弹行进间快速对准技术为研究对象,对车载主系统和弹载子系统的动态快速传递对准原理进行了分析,建立了详细的误差模型,并进行了多种载车行进状态下的仿真分析和实验验证.研究结果表明,采用动态传递对准的方法可实现子惯导系统在50s内对准过程的姿态收敛,实现了对多种动态情况下的子系统对准精度和对准时间的分析和评估,验证了所提出方案的可行性与准确性.     

基于AHP的DS/FH混合扩频测控系统抗干扰效能评价

针对DS/FH(Direct Sequence/Frequency Hopping,直扩/跳频)混合扩频测控系统抗干扰问题,提出一种效能评价方法.基于任务需求,构建系统抗干扰效能评估指标体系;将三角模糊数、指数标度和层次分析法相结合,提出一种改进的TFN-AHP(Triangular Fuzzy Number-Analytic Hierarchy Process,三角模糊数-层次分析法),提高了较小指标的区分度,剔除了极端数据,最大限度发挥专家的经验知识,实现了指标赋权的客观程度,最后通过AHP对不同设备系统关于指标体系判断矩阵的确定、一致性检验和层次总排序,实现了系统抗干扰效能的评价和选择.分析结果表明,该评价方法能够实现不同设备的抗干扰效能评估,有助于用户对设备的选择.     

A new interpretable fault diagnosis method based on belief rule base and probability table

It is vital to establish an interpretable fault diagnosis model for critical equipment. Belief Rule Base (BRB) is an interpretable expert system gradually applied in fault diagnosis. However, the expert knowledge cannot be utilized to establish the initial BRB accurately if there are multiple referential grades in different fault features. In addition, the interpretability of BRB-based fault diagnosis is destroyed in the optimization process, which reflects in two aspects: deviation from the initial expert judgment and over-optimization of parameters. To solve these problems, a new interpretable fault diagnosis model based on BRB and probability table, called the BRB-P, is proposed in this paper. Compared with the traditional BRB, the BRB-P constructed by the probability table is more accurate. Then, the interpretability constraints, i.e., the credibility of expert knowledge, the penalty factor and the rule-activation factor, are inserted into the projection covariance matrix adaption evolution strategy to maintain the interpretability of BRB-P. A case study of the aerospace relay is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Novel attitude determination method by integration of electronic level meter,INS, and low-cost turntable for level attitude evaluation and calibration of INS

Attitude references are greatly needed for the evaluation and calibration of Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs), which are widely used in gravimeter, marine, and aeronautical navigation. High-accuracy turntable, INS, and Global Navigation Satellite System have been utilized to verify the performance of relatively low-accuracy INS. The accuracy requirement of the attitude reference continuously increases with the rapid improvement of inertial sensors and navigation algorithms. However, the cost of attitude determination system increases rapidly with the increase of attitude accuracy requirement. To solve this limitation, the integration of level meter, INS, and low-cost turntable is proposed to provide level attitude, such as roll and pitch. The turntable is utilized to rotate the INS. An integration model of the level meter and INS is built to estimate the level attitude and reduce the cost of the turntable. The proposed method successfully avoids the dependence on high-accuracy turntables. An observability degree analysis is conducted to improve the level attitude accuracy further. The simulation and turntable test results indicate that the proposed method can provide high-accuracy level attitude without high-accuracy INS or turntable and is applicable to error calibration and attitude evaluation of INS.     

基于RTS滤波的GPS+BDS非差非组合PPP/INS紧组合模型

GPS高精度定位技术在动态复杂环境中,其定位精度、可靠性和连续性因卫星信号频繁失锁而变差。为此,提出了采用基于RTS滤波(Rauch-Tung-Striebel Filter)的GPS+BDS非差非组合PPP(Precise Point Positioning)与INS(Inertial Navigation System)紧组合模型的策略来克服GPS在动态定位中的弱点。其中,采用GPS+BDS双系统观测数据,可提高PPP解算中的可用卫星数,改善星站间定位几何强度和提高PPP收敛速度;采用PPP/INS紧组合,利用INS的自主定位特性和短期高精度特性,可有效改善复杂环境下的定位精度和连续性;采用RTS滤波,可进一步提高PPP/INS紧组合性能。首先推导了GPS+BDS非差非组合函数模型、PPP/INS紧组合函数模型和RTS滤波函数模型,然后利用一组车载动态数据,对动态GPS PPP、GPS+BDS PPP、GPS/INS紧组合、GPS+BDS PPP/INS紧组合和基于RTS的GPS+BDS PPP/IMU紧组合的定位、测速和定姿性能进行分析。实验结果表明,该方案可有效提高定位(58%～72%)、测速(74%～82%)和定姿(4%～23%)精度,特别是对卫星失锁期间的定位性能改善尤为明显。     

基于信度规则库的惯性平台健康状态参数在线估计

 实时准确的健康状态预测是规划惯性平台系统及时、经济的维修策略的关键技术。由于平台系统的健康状态是不能够直接观测的,假设平台系统的特征参数监测数据是可以获取到的,而且平台系统的健康状态与特征量是相关的。基于信度规则库(BRB),以平台系统的状态监测特征参数作为BRB系统的输入,以平台的健康状态作为输出结果,组建了惯性平台健康状态预测系统。为了克服现有BRB参数优化方法的不足,实现实时状态预测,基于期望最大化(EM)算法,研究了健康状态预测系统的参数在线估计算法。该算法在获取系统新的输入输出信息后,就对参数进行更新。利用本文提出的方法对惯性平台系统的健康状态实时预测问题进行了实验分析,实验结果表明：该方法可以有效地实现惯性平台系统健康状态预测模型参数实时估计;与参数离线优化方法相比,该方法不仅在预测精度上,而且在运行时间上都具有明显的优势;在工程实际中有良好的应用潜力。     

Real-time fault detection method based on belief rule base for aircraft navigation system

Real-time and accurate fault detection is essential to enhance the aircraft navigation system’s reliability and safety. The existent detection methods based on analytical model draws back at simultaneously detecting gradual and sudden faults. On account of this reason, we propose an online detection solution based on non-analytical model. In this article, the navigation system fault detection model is established based on belief rule base (BRB), where the system measuring residual and its changing rate are used as the inputs of BRB model and the fault detection function as the output. To overcome the drawbacks of current parameter optimization algorithms for BRB and achieve online update, a parameter recursive estimation algorithm is presented for online BRB detection model based on expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed method is verified by navigation experiment. Experimental results show that the proposed method is able to effectively realize online parameter evaluation in navigation system fault detection model. The output of the detection model can track the fault state very well, and the faults can be diagnosed in real time and accurately. In addition, the detection ability, especially in the probability of false detection, is superior to offline optimization method, and thus the system reliability has great improvement.     

Systematic methods for knowledge acquisition and expert systemdevelopment [for combat aircraft]

Nine cooperating rule-based systems, collectively called AUTOCREW which were designed to automate functions and decisions associated with a combat aircraft's subsystems, are discussed. The organization of tasks within each system is described; performance metrics were developed to evaluate the workload of each rule base and to assess the cooperation between the rule bases. Simulation and comparative workload results for two mission scenarios are given. The scenarios are inbound surface-to-air-missile attack on the aircraft and pilot incapacitation. The methodology used to develop the AUTOCREW knowledge bases is summarized. Issues involved in designing the navigation sensor selection expert in AUTOCREW's NAVIGATOR knowledge base are discussed in detail. The performance of seven navigation systems aiding a medium-accuracy inertial navigation system (INS) was investigated using Kalman filter covariance analyses. A navigation sensor management (NSM) expert system was formulated from covariance simulation data using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method and the ID3 algorithm     

A novel combination belief rule base model for mechanical equipment fault diagnosis

Due to the excellent performance in complex systems modeling under small samples and uncertainty, Belief Rule Base(BRB) expert system has been widely applied in fault diagnosis. However, the fault diagnosis process for complex mechanical equipment normally needs multiple attributes, which can lead to the rule number explosion problem in BRB, and limit the efficiency and accuracy. To solve this problem, a novel Combination Belief Rule Base(C-BRB) model based on Directed Acyclic Graph(DAG) structu...     

Performance evaluation of complex systems using evidential reasoning approach with uncertain parameters

The composition of the modern aerospace system becomes more and more complex. The performance degradation of any device in the system may cause it difficult for the whole system to keep normal working states. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the performance of complex aerospace systems. In this paper, the performance evaluation of complex aerospace systems is regarded as a Multi-Attribute Decision Analysis (MADA) problem. Based on the structure and working principle of the system, a new Evidential Reasoning (ER) based approach with uncertain parameters is proposed to construct a nonlinear optimization model to evaluate the system performance. In the model, the interval form is used to express the uncertainty, such as error in testing data and inaccuracy in expert knowledge. In order to analyze the subsystems that have a great impact on the performance of the system, the sensitivity analysis of the evaluation result is carried out, and the corresponding maintenance strategy is proposed. For a type of Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) used in a rocket, the proposed method is employed to evaluate its performance. Then, the parameter sensitivity of the evaluation result is analyzed, and the main factors affecting the performance of IMU are obtained. Finally, the comparative study shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

GPS/惯性组合方式讨论与导航精度分析

 本文讨论GPS/惯性组合两种方式的优缺点。并以GPS伪距和伪距率与惯导组合为例,按GPS测量误差的不同,以及使用差分机等情况,仿真计算了机载使用的组合导航性能,进行了详细的精度分析。结果表明,这种组合的导航精度比GPS和惯导各自的导航精度高。在采用差分GPS机与惯导组合后,位置误差将进一步减少,使组合导航具有开辟例如飞机进场着陆等新的使用领域的可能性。