耐高温抗激光烧蚀涂层研制与性能表征

以有机硅树脂、聚碳硅烷和玻璃粉为黏结剂,添加Al2O3,BN,SiC,ZrO2,SiO2和碳纤维等耐热填料制备了抗烧蚀涂层,对其物理机械性能进行了表征,同时分别采用马氟炉、氧乙炔焰烧蚀对其耐热抗烧蚀性能进行了表征。研究结果表明:玻璃粉、BN对改善涂层裂纹起关键作用,ZrO2对提高涂层隔热和耐烧蚀性能至关重要。所研制涂层在厚度为1mm的30CrMnSiA钢基材表面涂覆600μm,经受3000℃氧乙炔焰4s烧蚀,钢基材不发生穿孔;900μm厚度的涂层在531W/cm2激光功率密度下照射4s,带涂层钢基材背面温度比同等辐照温度下,空白钢板背面温度下降1000℃左右。     

酚醛树脂基泡沫碳材料的烧蚀与隔热性能

为考察纳米孔径的酚醛树脂基泡沫碳材料的烧蚀与隔热性能,以酚醛树脂为碳源,环戊烷为发泡剂,吐温80为表面活性剂,对甲苯磺酸为固化剂,采用发泡固化碳化工艺制备了低密度泡沫碳材料。所制备的泡沫碳材料密度为0. 3 g/cm^3,压缩强度达到了11. 7 MPa。采用LFA457激光导热仪考察了泡沫碳材料在不同温度下(25、200、400、600℃)的导热性能,25℃下热导率为0. 141 W/(m·K),600℃下热导率为0. 344 W/(m·K);通过氧乙炔试验(30 s/60 s)对泡沫碳材料与C/C复合材料在同样的气流条件下隔热性能进行了比较,在材料正面烧蚀峰值温度泡沫碳材料比C/C复合材料高出约400℃的情况下,背面峰值温度比C/C复合材料仍低出150℃;通过氧乙炔试验考察泡沫碳材料的抗烧蚀性能,氧乙炔烧蚀60 s的线烧蚀率为0. 031 mm/s。试验结果证明低密度的泡沫碳材料同时具备优异的隔热与高温抗烧蚀性能。     

2D C/SiC-ZrB2复合材料的烧蚀性能

用ZrB2微粉对2D C/SiC基体进行改性,研究了化学气相渗透结合浆料浸渍及先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备2DC/SiC-ZrB2复合材料在氧-乙炔焰和1800℃甲烷风洞环境中的烧蚀行为.结果表明:在氧-乙炔环境中,2D C/SiC-ZrB2的线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率分别为6.1×10-2 mm/s和1.0×10 -2g/s,相对2D C/SiC复合材料而言,ZrB2微粉并没有提高C/SiC复合材料的抗烧蚀性能.在1800℃甲烷风洞环境中,涂层致密度起主要作用,涂层致密度相同时,复合材料的开气孔率越大,质量烧蚀率越大,ZrB2微粉的渗入对C/SiC复合材料的烧蚀性能影响不大.     

耐烧蚀防热隔热涂层的研制

根据某大型固体火箭发动机的飞行工作特性,在研究涂层的防热隔热机理的基础上,采用环氧改性有机硅树脂为基体树脂,加入耐温梯度分解混合填料及添加剂等制备了一种外防热涂层,并通过L9(33)正交实验确定了无机混合填料组分多聚磷酸铵、氢氧化铝和硼酸的最佳用量分别为4份、6份、3份.最后确定的涂层最佳配方试验结果:线烧蚀率为0.116 mm/s,热导率为0.28 W/(m·K),密度为1.28 g/cm3,附着力为11.84 MPa,表明该涂层具有良好的防热隔热性能且综合性能优良,满足了该固体火箭发动机的外部防热需求.     

C/C复合材料在再入模拟环境中烧蚀性能研究

为了研究轴棒法编织的高密度碳/碳(C/C复合材料在再入飞行时的烧蚀性能,采用热等离子体地面模拟再入烧蚀系统对C/C复合材料进行烧蚀试验。试验中分别采用氮气(N、氧气(O和空气作为工作气体,对比研究C/C复合材料在不同环境中的烧蚀率和烧蚀性能。结果表明,三种情况下试样的烧蚀率和微观形貌有很大差异;纯氧气时氧化反应的线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率分别为0.0423mm/s和0.0451g/s大于纯氮气时氮化反应的0.0314mm/s和0.0338g/s也大于空气成分时复合反应的0.0215mm/s和0.0208g/s在试样烧蚀的热影响区发生轻微开裂;三种工况下的烧蚀机理不同,分别是碳的升华、碳的氧化和碳氮反应的某种组合。     

CVD-SiC阵列结构对ZrB2/SiC涂层抗烧蚀性影响

采用飞秒激光在化学气相沉积(CVD)-SiC中间层表面制备不同尺寸的阵列,研究了阵列结构对ZrB₂/SiC涂层性能的影响。结果表明,随着激光刻蚀频次的增大,阵列结构的深度从30μm增大到150μm。采用氧乙炔烧蚀600 s,ZrB₂/SiC涂层烧蚀表面温度随CVD-SiC微结构深度增大而逐步降低,最低的表面温度达到1 700°C,下降了约200℃。烧蚀中心区域的颜色从白色过渡到浅灰色。对于激光刻蚀频次为5的试样,在600 s的单次烧蚀后,质量烧蚀率和线性烧蚀率分别为-7.4×10^-5 g/s和-13.3μm/s。阵列结构增大了ZrB₂/SiC涂层与CVD-SiC中间层的接触面积,从而增强了导热性能,减少了热积聚,进而改善了ZrB₂/SiC涂层的抗烧蚀性能。     

轴棒法编织C/C复合材料的超声速火焰烧蚀性能

为了研究轴棒法编织、高压浸渍-碳化致密工艺(HPIC)及高温处理工艺制成的高密度的碳/碳(C/C)复合材料在火箭发动机中的烧蚀性能,使用气氧和煤油超声速(HVO)火焰对复合材料进行含铝工况烧蚀/侵蚀实验,烧蚀时间为30s;对比研究了复合材料在有、无含铝粒子侵蚀时烧蚀性能的差别;分别用扫描电镜、微CT和表面能谱分析了不同工况烧蚀表面的形貌和成分。结果表明,在不同的烧蚀工况下,材料的表面粗糙度不同,微观形貌和烧蚀率也有很大差异;复合材料在无粒子侵蚀工况下的线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率的平均值分别是0.0318mm/s和0.0319g/s,烧蚀表面呈竹笋状和毛絮状,热化学烧蚀起主导作用;有粒子侵蚀时的线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率的平均值分别是0.0516mm/s和0.0353g/s,烧蚀表面呈钝竹笋状,纤维从根部断裂,热化学烧蚀和机械剥蚀同时起作用;在纤维和基体表面有Al2O3粒子沉积;含铝烧蚀/侵蚀的线烧蚀率是不含铝烧蚀的1.6倍,质量烧蚀率的1.1倍。在烧蚀区的内部,基体碳受热后开裂,而碳纤维与基体碳间的界面相受热后无明显变化。     

RTM型耐烧蚀酚醛树脂性能研究

对一种可用于RTM工艺的酚醛树脂的成型工艺性能和浇铸体性能进行研究,采用流变性能测试、热失重分析、氧-乙炔烧蚀等方法进行表征。结果表明:树脂的低黏度平台(≤800 mPa·s)长,且65～80℃的适用期均大于2 h;树脂浇铸体在800℃N_2氛围下残碳率为61.38%,线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率分别为0.167 mm/s和0.065 4 g/s。说明这种树脂可用作RTM注射成型且适合作为烧蚀防热复合材料的基体。     

功能涂料及多功能广用途改性剂

<正>1梯度功能轻质烧蚀涂料(1)T-98烧蚀涂料(2)TH-120轻质烧蚀涂料(3)TH-80烧蚀涂料(4)TH-60烧蚀涂料(5)THD-1室温固化烧蚀涂料以上涂料的固化温度有180、120、80、60℃及室温等,其线烧蚀率为-0.3-0.0496 mm/s,质量烧蚀率为78.8-40 mg/s,并且无烟。它们的密度有1.2、0.8、0.4及0.22 g/㎝3,可按设计要求调整。相应的热导率为0.45、0.14、0.08及0.055 W/(m.K)。通过防热专业的理论计算,可以获得很好的烧蚀性和隔热性能。     

CVD-SiC 涂层的C/ C-SiC 复合材料的抗烧蚀性能

采用CVD法,1 050℃在三维针刺C/C-SiC复合材料表面制备SiC涂层,研究稀释气体与载气流量比分别为4∶1和2∶1制备条件下涂层的晶体结构、表面和断面的微观形貌,对比了涂层前后C/C-SiC复合材料的抗烧蚀性能.结果表明:稀释气体流量降低其制备的SiC涂层更加平整致密,与基体结合程度更好,沉积产物均为单一的β-SiC结晶相.在600 s的氧化烧蚀下,两种流量比条件下制备CVD-SiC涂层的C/C-SiC复合材料的线烧蚀率比未涂层的分别降低34％和50％,质量烧蚀率分别降低70％和75％,抗氧化烧蚀性能明显提高.     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

基于飞机油箱模型形状特征油量测量切片步长选择方法研究

 在分析飞机数字式油量测量过程中目前广泛使用的切片法油量测量原理的基础上,针对现有的定步长切片法无法得到准确、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库的缺陷,结合对飞机油箱模型形状特征的分析,提出了基于飞机油箱模型形状特征的油量测量切片步长选择方法。此方法包括切片步长整体和局部选择两个过程,整体选择以实现相邻两切片平面所夹油箱模型体积近似相等为目的来确定切片步长,以体现油箱模型截面整体变化规律;局部选择以设计切片平面与截面突变平面重合或尽可能接近的方式,突出油箱截面的局部变化特征。实验结果表明：该切片步长选择方法较定步长方法能够建立更为合理、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库,从而提高了油量测量精度。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

二维翼段颤振的μ控制

 采用超声电机作为作动器来实现含控制面的翼段颤振鲁棒抑制。针对作者设计的二维翼段颤振主动抑制系统，通过理论与实验相结合的方法，建立了考虑沉浮方向阻尼和作动器模型参数不确定性的控制系统模型，设计了μ控制器，并对控制器做了降阶处理。数值仿真和风洞试验表明，μ控制器可有效地抑制颤振的发生，将颤振临界速度提高23.4%。相对于H_∞控制器，μ控制器的控制效果和鲁棒性更好。     

航空发动机管路测量数据分割方法

 为了提高航空发动机管路测量数据的反求建模效率,提出了一种区域增长分割算法。该方法主要是利用管路表面在曲面索引系数映射、主曲率映射、高斯映射上的特性,并基于均值漂移算法和遗传算法提出了区域分割算法中种子区域的选择策略。然后利用区域增长分割方法实现了对管路测量数据的分割。经过仿真和实测数据验证,所提管路分割算法具有较好的分割质量和效率。     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

Interfacial Properties Modification of Carbon Fiber/ Polyarylacetylene Composites

This work was dedicated to performing surface oxidation and coating treatments on carbon fibers (CF) and investigating the changes of fiber surface properties after these treatments, including surface composition, relative volume of functional groups, and sur- face topography with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atom force microscopy (AFM) technology. The results show that, after oxidation treatments, interfacial properties between CF and non-polar polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin are remarkably modified by removing weak surface layers and increasing fiber surface roughness. Coating treatment by high char phenolic resin solution after oxida- tion makes interface of CF/PAA composites to be upgraded and the interfacial properties further bettered.     

Thermal Stresses and Cracks During the Growth of Large-sized Sapphire with SAPMAC Method

本文利用有限元法对冷心放肩微量提拉法(SAPMAC)生长大尺寸蓝宝石单晶过程中的热应力进行了模拟计算,应用临界缺陷理论解释了裂纹的萌生与扩展机理。研究表明,晶体内的热应力主要与晶体生长速率,环境温度和结晶取向有关;较大热应力多出现在结晶界面,放肩、收尾以及直径急剧变化等位置;最大热应力总是出现在籽晶与新生晶体的界面附近。裂纹将在临界缺陷位置产生,并在应力作用下沿a或m面扩展。计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,通过晶体生长系统和生长工艺的改进,对晶体的开裂问题得到了有效的抑制。     

Optimization Design System for Composite Structures Based on Grid Technology

To solve the topology optimization of complicated multi-objective continuous/discrete design variables in aircmit structure design, a Parallel Pareto Genetic Algorithm （PPGA） is presented based on grid platform in this paper. In the algorithm, the commercial finite element analysis （FEA） software is integrated as the calculating tool for analyzing the objective functions and the filter of Pareto solution set based on weight information is introduced to deal with the relationships among all objectives. Grid technology is utilized in PPGA to realize the distributed computations and the user interface is developed to realize the job submission and job management locally/remotely. Taking the aero-elastic tailoring of a composite wing for optimization as an example, a set of Pareto solutions are obtained for the decision-maker. The numerical results show that the aileron reversal problem can be solved by adding the limited skin weight in this system. The algorithm can be used to solve complicated topology optimization for composite structures in engineering and the computation efficiency can be improved greatly by using the grid platform that aggregates numerous idle resources.