确定时间序列协方差函数的方法

提出一种确定时间序列协方差函数的方法,它首先根据(多元)时间序列构造其互协方差函数随机序列、互相关函数随机序列或自协方差函数随机序列、自相关函数随机序列,然后采用谱分析和多点平均方法对互协方差函数随机序列、互相关函数随机序列或自协方差函数随机序列、自相关函数随机序列的趋势项进行分离,分别求得其周期项和非周期项的函数表达式,再综合给出整个趋势项函数。从而得到原时间序列的互协方差函数、互相关函数或自协方差函数、自相关函数的函数形式,并通过最小二乘方法确定其中的待定参数。该方法可用于时间序列协方差函数的建模、分析和预测,并且计算简单易行、精度高,便于实际应用。      

基于先验知识及其定量评估的自适应杂波抑制研究

 为了改善训练样本数受限的非均匀杂波环境中的系统检测性能,研究了基于先验知识及其定量评估的自适应杂波抑制算法。提出了使用经真实杂波信息白化后的先验杂波协方差矩阵与单位矩阵之差的谱范数,来定量评估杂波先验知识的准确程度,并给出了真实杂波协方差矩阵未知时的矩阵谱范数估计方法。结合先验知识定量评估结果,获得了具有先验知识约束时的杂波协方差矩阵最大似然估计方法。分别基于多脉冲相参雷达以及空时自适应雷达进行了杂波建模,在此基础之上分析了算法性能。仿真结果证实了该算法优于使用样本协方差矩阵及先验杂波信息形成杂波抑制权值的性能。     

内圈沟道损伤直径对滚动轴承振动性能的测度

采用中位数估计和Huber M估计相融合方法对未知分布的时间序列数据进行稳健处理,得到时间序列稳健数据,进一步得到时间序列数据的本征区间、变异率、中位数和平均值,组成时间序列数据的测度。该方法对不同沟道损伤直径条件下滚动轴承振动数据进行研究,结果发现:滚动轴承振动数据的变异率、中位数及平均值的变化趋势一致,与轴承的实际工况吻合,可以作为滚动轴承性能退化的测度。其中轴承正常运行时的变异率为10%与轴承寿命规定的10%失效率相同,轴承失效时的变异率89%和沟道损伤直径达到失效直径的89%相同。该测度准确地反映沟道损伤直径对轴承振动性能的影响,为滚动轴承性能预报提供可靠依据。该方法不需要知道时间序列数据的分布类型,为未知分布的时间序列数据的稳健处理提供一种方法。     

基于贝叶斯方法与稳健理论的滚动轴承摩擦力矩不确定度建立方法

基于贝叶斯方法与稳健化理论,提出一种未知分布时间序列不确定度的建立方法。该方法以中位数估计与Huber M估计融合方法分析时间序列数据的稳健性,构建贝叶斯先验分布,并与实验数据建立贝叶斯后验分布,创建以贝叶斯后验分布建立时间序列数据的不确定度。在显著性水平为0～0.1,通过对滚动轴承摩擦力矩分析,中位数估计与Huber M估计相融合方法确定了滚动轴承摩擦力矩稳健数据的边界值、显著性水平,构建了贝叶斯先验分布。以贝叶斯后验分布构建滚动轴承摩擦力矩不确定度。与经典统计学得到的不确定度比较,在相同置信水平下,该方法缩短了评估区间,提高了评估精度0～50%。该融合方法以稳健数据构建先验分布,提供一种贝叶斯方法先验分布建立方法;采用中位数估计与Huber M估计融合方法确定了数据显著性水平和边界值的确定,减小置信水平与稳健数据边界值主观确定的误差;为未知分布时间序列的不确定度建立提供了一种理论。     

未知互耦条件下混合信号波达方向估计

阵列天线互耦对导向矢量的扰动以及信号相干性对数据协方差矩阵造成的秩损,使得基于子空间正交性原理的超分辨波达方向估计(Direction-of-Arrival,DOA)算法性能恶化,甚至失效。针对这一问题,提出一种在相干与非相干信号混合状态下无需阵列互耦补偿的特征矢量平滑DOA估计算法。该算法对部分阵元接收数据的协方差矩阵特征分解,将得到的特征矢量平滑处理后构造等效协方差矩阵,抑制阵列互耦影响的同时完成混合信号DOA估计。在阵列互耦和信号相干性均未知的条件下,正确估计了信号DOA,无需互耦参数估计或补偿。计算机仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。     

基于PTE的多雷达航迹融合算法

针对杂波背景下的多雷达航迹融合时局部估计误差互协方差矩阵未知的问题，提出基于目标存在概率（PTE）的航迹融合算法，提升了正确航迹率和跟踪精度。首先，通过综合概率数据关联得到单接收站的目标航迹估计集合和对应的目标存在概率。然后，在局部估计误差互协方差矩阵未知的条件下，基于PTE信息提出不带记忆的综合广义凸组合航迹融合算法。进而将前一帧的融合状态进行反馈，提出带记忆的综合广义凸组合航迹融合算法。仿真验证了所提算法的有效性。     

基于模糊自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波器的异步电动机无速度传感器控制

针对传统扩展卡尔曼滤波器(EKF)固定的噪声协方差矩阵在观测感应电动机转速时不能同时满足系统动态和静态下精确估计的问题,提出了一种模糊自适应调整噪声协方差的方法。该方法可以根据状态鉴别器输出状态,经模糊自适应调整噪声协方差矩阵参数,解决了系统在动态和静态时对噪声协方差矩阵中不同参数需求的问题。仿真表明所提模糊自适应EKF转速估计精度更高,有效地提高了系统的抗干扰能力。     

DOA估计算法性能分析及仿真

分析了几种常见空间谱估计算法的结构,提出了一种未知信源数的高分辨DOA估计算法。该算法继承了求根MUSIC算法优越的性能,直接利用阵列接收数据的协方差矩阵,无须预判信源个数和进行特征值分解,实现高分辨谱估计,同时在信噪比较小时,仍能保持较高的角度分辨力。最后通过大量的计算机仿真实验比较了各种算法的性能,证明了新算法理论的正确性和有效性。     

基于序列二次规划优化阈值的NSCT高斯噪声图像滤波方法

提出了一种基于序列二次规划(SQP)优化阈值的非下采样Contourlet变换(NSCT)图像高斯白噪声去除方法。该方法利用广义交叉验证(GCV)准则作为优化指标,使用序列二次规划算法对NSCT域的去噪阈值进行优化,能够在噪声方差等图像先验知识未知的情况下得到最优去噪阈值。确定阈值后,采用非线性阈值函数对Contourlet系数进行处理。实验结果表明与其他Contourlet域去噪方法相比,该方法能有效去除图像的高斯白噪声,提高图像的峰值信噪比,并较好地保留图像的边缘信息。     

辅助动力装置控制系统传感器智能解析余度方法

针对辅助动力装置(APU)控制系统传感器故障,提出了一种基于协方差优化集成极限学习网络(COSELM)的传感器智能解析余度方法。该方法能够根据在线序列预测误差的最小方差来自适应更新单个在线序列极限学习机的权重系数,发挥和权衡各个学习模型的优势,通过提高模型算法的稳定性和泛化性,改善传感器智能解析余度的精度。通过在某辅助动力装置控制系统传感器解析余度的验证表明,提出的COSELM方法可以解决传感器在发生偏置故障时的信号重构问题,重构误差不超过1%,适用于不同辅助动力装置个体,为其提供可靠的解析余度。     

Noise covariances estimation for systems with bias states

This paper presents a new approach to noise covariances estimation for a linear, time-invariant, stochastic system with constant but unknown bias states. The system is supposed to satisfy controllable/observable conditions without bias states. Based on a restructured data representation, the covariance of a new variable that consists of measurement vectors is expressed as a linear combination of unknown parameters. Noise covariances are then estimated by employing a recursive least-squares algorithm. The proposed method requires no a priori estimates of noise covariances, provides consistent estimates, and can also be applied when the relationship between bias states and other states is unknown. The method has been applied to strapdown inertial navigation system initial alignment. Simulation results indicate a satisfactory performance of the proposed method     

Noise subspace techniques in non-gaussian noise using cumulants

We consider noise subspace methods for narrowband direction-of-arrival or harmonic retrieval in colored linear non-gaussian noise of unknown covariance and unknown distribution. The non-gaussian noise covariance is estimated via higher order cumulants and combined with correlation information to solve a generalized eigenvalue problem. The estimated eigenvectors are used in a variety of noise subspace methods such as multiple signal classification (MUSIC), MVDR and eigenvector. The noise covariance estimates are obtained in the presence of the harmonic signals, obviating the need for noise-only training records. The covariance estimates may be obtained nonparametrically via cumulant projections, or parametrically using autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models. An information theoretic criterion using higher order cumulants is presented which may be used to simultaneously estimate the ARMA model order and parameters. Third- and fourth-order cumulants are employed for asymmetric and symmetric probability density function (pdf) cases, respectively. Simulation results show considerable improvement over conventional methods with no prewhitening. The effects of prewhitening are particularly evident in the dominant eigenvalues, as revealed by singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis     

Passive target tracking using maximum likelihood estimation

Estimation of target trajectory from passive sonar bearings and frequency measurements in the presence of multivariate normally distributed noise, with unknown inhomogeneous general covariance, is modeled as a nonlinear multiresponse parameter estimation problem. It is shown that maximum likelihood estimation in this case is identical to optimizing a determinant criterion which has a concise form and contains no elements of unknown covariance matrix. A Gauss-Newton type algorithm using only the first-order derivatives of the model function and a new convergence criterion, is presented to implement such estimation. The simulation results demonstrate that performance of the maximum likelihood estimation method with the above noise model is superior to that with the traditional noise assumption     

A new adaptive Kalman filter for navigation systems of carrier-based aircraft

The features of carrier-based aircraft’s navigation systems during the approach and landing phases are investigated. A new adaptive Kalman filter with unknown state noise statistics is proposed to improve the accuracy of the INS/GNSS integrated navigation system. The adaptive filtering algorithm aims to estimate and adapt the unknown state noise covariance Q in high dynamic conditions, when the measurement noise covariance R is assumed to be known empirically in advance. The new adaptive Kalman ...     

A Stochastic Algorithm for Sensitivity Analysis

A direct stochastic sensitivity analysis algorithm is developed for linear dynamical systems having incompletely known input statistics. The new algorithm extends previous results by applying covariance propagation concepts which utilize as a forcing function the sensitivity covariance matrix associated with the uncertainty in the elements of the system input covariance matrix itself. The developed algorithm is evaluated in the context of a generalized sensitivity analysis formulation involving nonlinear transformations on the input signals. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the usefulness of the new algorithm.     

基于约束最小冗余线阵与干扰对消的测向方法

针对有源干扰背景下信号源和干扰源的个数超过线阵的自由度而产生线阵饱和现象,提出一种将约束最小冗余线阵与干扰对消技术相结合的测向方法。通过将无源状态和有源状态下线阵输出数据的协方差矩阵进行对消运算去除有源干扰和噪声分量,并对约束最小冗余线阵的波达方向(DOA)估计算法进行改进,构造了新的协方差Toeplitz矩阵,有效抑制了由阵列非均匀性导致的伪峰,提高了阵列的DOA估计性能。仿真结果表明:该算法在低信噪比背景下具有抗有源干扰能力,扩展了阵列孔径,并具有较高的测向精度和鲁棒性。     

EMD-EKF方法研究

应用扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)时需要估计量测噪声的统计特性。文中针对观测噪声统计特性描述不准确导致的EKF性能下降的问题,利用经验模态分解方法(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)可以分离信号和噪声的特性,提出了一种在未知量测噪声条件下的EKF方法。该方法可以跟踪观测噪声的变化,即实现了对量测噪声的估计,从而解决了在未知量测噪声的情况下的EKF问题。仿真结果表明可运用于无源定位中。     

Airborne/spacebased radar STAP using a structured covariance matrix

It is shown that partial information about the airborne/spacebased (A/S) clutter covariance matrix (CCM) can be used effectively to significantly enhance the convergence performance of a block-processed space/time adaptive processor (STAP) in a clutter and jamming environment. The partial knowledge of the CCM is based upon the simplified general clutter model (GCM) which has been developed by the airborne radar community. A priori knowledge of parameters which should be readily measurable (but not necessarily accurate) by the radar platform associated with this model is assumed. The GCM generates an assumed CCM. The assumed CCM along with exact knowledge of the thermal noise covariance matrix is used to form a maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) of the unknown interference covariance matrix which is used by the STAP. The new algorithm that employs the a priori clutter and thermal noise covariance information is evaluated using two clutter models: 1) a mismatched GCM, and 2) the high-fidelity Research Laboratory STAP clutter model. For both clutter models, the new algorithm performed significantly better (i.e., converged faster) than the sample matrix inversion (SMI) and fast maximum likelihood (FML) STAP algorithms, the latter of which uses only information about the thermal noise covariance matrix.     

Theory of partially adaptive radar

This work extends the recently introduced cross-spectral metric for subspace selection and dimensionality reduction to partially adaptive space-time sensor array processing. A general methodology is developed for the analysis of reduced-dimension detection tests with known and unknown covariance. It is demonstrated that the cross-spectral metric results in a low-dimensional detector which provides nearly optimal performance when the noise covariance is known. It is also shown that this metric allows the dimensionality of the detector to be reduced below the dimension of the noise subspace eigenstructure without significant loss. This attribute provides robustness in the subspace selection process to achieve reduced-dimensional target detection. Finally, it is demonstrated that the cross-spectral subspace reduced-dimension detector can outperform the full-dimension detector when the noise covariance is unknown, closely approximating the performance of the matched filter.