双模复合寻的导引头数据融合算法

提出利用最小航迹距离法进行双模航迹关联的算法;利用最大似然估计法导出了双模复合探测器的数据融合结果.给出了融合后的目标状态估计和估计误差协方差阵,为双模复合寻的导引头的性能分析和算法研究提供了新的技术途径.     

未知互耦条件下混合信号波达方向估计

阵列天线互耦对导向矢量的扰动以及信号相干性对数据协方差矩阵造成的秩损,使得基于子空间正交性原理的超分辨波达方向估计(Direction-of-Arrival,DOA)算法性能恶化,甚至失效。针对这一问题,提出一种在相干与非相干信号混合状态下无需阵列互耦补偿的特征矢量平滑DOA估计算法。该算法对部分阵元接收数据的协方差矩阵特征分解,将得到的特征矢量平滑处理后构造等效协方差矩阵,抑制阵列互耦影响的同时完成混合信号DOA估计。在阵列互耦和信号相干性均未知的条件下,正确估计了信号DOA,无需互耦参数估计或补偿。计算机仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。     

计算航路上飞行冲突概率的一种方法

针对飞机在航路飞行时航迹变化的一般情形,考虑预估航迹可能存在的各种误差,修正了航迹改变后的航迹预估误差协方差矩阵,用于改进了的三维飞行冲突概率计算方法.最后用Mome-Carlo.方法验证了计算结果的正确性并对结果进行了分析.     

基于改进的FCM和信息熵修正的航迹融合算法

在局部航迹信息质量不均衡条件下,选择所有局部航迹进行航迹融合的算法会造成系统航迹质量下降。为了提高跟踪性能,提出了一种基于改进的模糊C均值(FCM)和信息熵修正的航迹融合算法。通过交互式多模型(IMM)滤波后的航迹信息对聚类数据做“质量”修正,改进后的FCM算法对局部航迹进行聚类分析,利用信息熵和隶属度对局部航迹进行选择和融合,达到修正聚类中心和提高系统航迹质量的效果。仿真结果表明：当多个传感器跟踪机动目标时,在传感器的观测精度发生变化和存在量测丢失的情况下,该算法的跟踪性能优于已知的航迹融合算法。     

基于归一化互相关的系统误差配准算法

雷达组网中由于系统误差存在,航迹不能正确关联,因而无法进行有效的误差配准。为了解决这一问题,理论分析了系统误差对目标航迹的影响并将该影响表示为目标航迹的旋转和平移量,结合图像信号时频域特性,提出了一种基于归一化互相关的误差配准算法。该算法采用归一化互相关来估计和补偿组网雷达目标航迹到融合中心航迹的相对旋转参数和平移参数,从而为后面的系统误差配准提供可靠的航迹关联数据。     

鲁棒EKF在脉冲星导航系统中的应用

针对脉冲星导航系统的滤波问题,传统的扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)算法存在不能克服系统模型存在不确定性参数以及乘性噪声等缺陷,提出一种鲁棒EKF算法。首先,分析了状态预测误差方程和估计误差方程,利用统计学原理,得到了状态预测方差矩阵和状态估计方差矩阵计算等式。由于系统模型存在不确定性参数,状态预测协方差矩阵和状态估计协方差矩阵无法计算;因此,利用4个重要矩阵不等式,分析并找到预测方差矩阵和状态估计方差矩阵的上界。最后,利用状态估计误差协方差矩阵上界设计状态增益矩阵,使得状态估计协方差矩阵的迹最小。将该算法对脉冲星导航系统进行仿真,仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性。     

新生目标强度未知的双门限粒子PHD滤波器

传统粒子概率假设密度(PHD)滤波器假定新生目标强度已知,当新生目标在整个观测区域随机出现时不再适用。为解决新生目标强度未知时的多目标跟踪问题,提出了一种基于量测信息的双门限粒子PHD(PHD-DT)滤波器。首先基于似然函数设定门限对存活目标量测进行粗提取,利用上一时刻的目标估计值构建圆形波门进行精细提取,并对门限设定方法进行分析,然后根据提取结果对目标PHD进行分解,得到存活目标和新生目标的PHD预测及更新表达式,最后给出了滤波器的实现方法并同基于量测驱动的PHD(PHD-M)滤波器和Logic+联合概率数据互联(JPDA)方法进行了仿真对比。仿真结果表明,在新生目标强度未知时,PHD-DT可有效避免Logic+JPDA在杂波背景下因航迹起始错误带来的估计误差,并较好地解决了PHD-M的目标数目过估问题,多目标估计性能更优,且杂波越强性能优势越明显。     

基于运动状态的航迹起始算法研究

 针对传统的基于逻辑的航迹起始方法在量测扩展过程中存在的弊端，提出了基于目标运动状态的航迹起始算法，并给出了更为精确的起始波门构造方法。利用目标的位置信息形成候选目标航迹，在候选目标航迹扩展过程中，采用提出的修正Hough变换提取目标状态信息，并根据目标〖JP2〗的状态信息对候选航迹进行检验。仿真结果表明，该算法比其他基于逻辑的方法有更低的虚警概率，并且对存储空间要求低，适于工程应用。     

基于航迹质量评估的雷达和ADS-B数据融合方法

雷达和广播式自动相关监视系统（ADS-B）的数据融合是监视“黑飞”无人机和飞鸟等目标的有效手段,然而两种传感器跟踪性能差异较大且易波动,会带来融合精度下降问题。提出一种基于航迹质量评估的雷达和ADS-B 数据融合方法,首先量化评估局部航迹精度、数据更新次数和传感器测量误差对局部航迹质量的影响,其次综合计算局部航迹的质量加权因子,最后基于分布式融合结构完成异步航迹融合处理。结果表明：本文提出的融合处理方法能有效提高融合跟踪精度,在传感器跟踪性能出现波动的情况下,跟踪误差均优于传统航迹融合方法。实际工程应用中的融合效果也验证了本文方法有助于实现对低空合作和非合作式目标的综合监视。     

基于低可探测性的参考航迹规划

根据分层规划思想,确定参考航迹是进行航迹规划时首先要解决的问题。在充分考虑雷达探测的各种环境因素及飞行器RCS方位分布特性的基础上,将雷达对目标发现概率作为参考航迹的一个重要评价指标,基于自适应进化算法,采用新的遗传算子,最终生成综合考虑雷达威胁和飞行距离的参考航迹。结果表明,该航迹规划模型能根据对低可探测性和航程的不...     

Performance evaluation for MAP state estimate fusion

This paper presents a quantitative performance evaluation method for the maximum a posteriori (MAP) state estimate fusion algorithm. Under ideal conditions where data association is assumed to be perfect, it has been shown that the MAP or best linear unbiased estimate (BLUE) fusion formula provides the best linear minimum mean squared estimate (LMMSE) given local estimates under the linear Gaussian assumption for a static system. However, for a dynamic system where fusion is recursively performed by the fusion center on local estimates generated from local measurements, it is not obvious how the MAP algorithm will perform. In the past, several performance evaluation methods have been proposed for various fusion algorithms, including simple convex combination, cross-covariance combination, information matrix, and MAP fusion. However, not much has been done to quantify the steady state behavior of these fusion methods for a dynamic system. The goal of this work is to present analytical fusion performance results for MAP state estimate fusion without extensive Monte Carlo simulations, using an approach developed for steady state performance evaluation for track fusion. Two different communication strategies are considered: fusion with and without feedback to the sensors. Analytic curves for the steady state performance of the fusion algorithm for various communication patterns are presented under different operating conditions.     

An efficient algorithm for multisensor track fusion

An efficient algorithm for track-to-track fusion by incorporating cross-covariance between tracks created by dissimilar sensors is described. An analytical solution of this problem is complicated if cross-correlation between sensors tracking the same target is taken into account. An explicit solution of the cross-covariance matrix at steady state is derived in terms of an integral. It is shown that solution of this integral involves inversion of a matrix whose elements are functions of parameters of individual trackers. Structure of this matrix is analyzed. An efficient analytical solution for inversion of this matrix is obtained. For fusion of similar sensors, it is shown that this matrix is reduced to the Routh-Hurwitz matrix which arises in the study of steady state stability of linear systems. Numerical results showing the amount of reduction of fused track covariance by taking into account the effects of cross-correlation between candidate tracks for fusion is also presented     

On optimal track-to-track fusion

Track-to-track fusion is an important part in multisensor fusion. Much research has been done in this area. Chong et al. (1979, 1986, 1990) among others, presented an optimal fusion formula under an arbitrary communication pattern. This formula is optimal when the underlying systems are deterministic, i.e., the process noise is zero, or when full-rate communication (two sensors exchange information each time they receive new measurements) is employed. However, in practice, the process noise is not negligible due to target maneuvering and sensors typically communicate infrequently to save communication bandwidth. In such situations, the measurements from two sensors are not conditionally (given the previous target state) independent due to the common process noise from the underlying system, and the fusion formula becomes an approximate one. This dependence phenomena was also observed by Bar-Shalom (1981) where a formula was derived to compute the cross-covariance of two track estimates obtained by different sensors. Based on this results a fusion formula was subsequently derived (1986) to combine the local estimates which took into account the dependency between the two estimates. Unfortunately, the Bayesian derivation made an assumption that is not met. This work points out the implicit approximation made and shows that the result turns out to be optimal only in the ML (maximum likelihood) sense. A performance evaluation technique is then proposed to study the performance of various track-to-track fusion techniques. The results provide performance bounds of different techniques under various operating conditions which can be used in designing a fusion system.     

重访机制驱动的多无人机协同动目标搜索方法

为实现多无人机高效捕获灰色任务区域内的移动目标，考虑传感器探测概率与虚警概率，提出了重访机制驱动的协同搜索规划（RMD-CSP）方法，以降低目标遗漏与误判概率。考虑无人机飞行性能约束，以最大化任务执行效能为目标建立多无人机协同搜索模型。根据目标先验信息初始化环境搜索信息图（包括目标概率分布图、环境不确定度图与环境搜索状态图），利用无人机实时探测信息，基于贝叶斯准则持续更新搜索信息图。定制基于环境不确定度更新的重访机制，通过增加长时间未被重访区域的环境不确定度，引导无人机搜索该区域，降低移动目标的遗漏概率；定制基于目标函数权重更新的重访机制，引导无人机快速重访发现新的疑似目标的区域，对疑似目标进行再次确认，减少由于传感器虚警概率造成的目标误判概率。采用滚动时域规划架构，将搜索规划问题分解为一系列短时域规划问题，提升了求解效率。在典型任务想定下，通过数值仿真试验验证了所提方法的有效性。仿真结果表明，RMD-CSP能够在秒级时间内生成每个时域的搜索航迹，相比于光栅式搜索方法与标准的概率启发式搜索方法，能够引导无人机捕获更多的移动目标，同时减少误判次数，有效提升了多无人机协同搜索的任务效能。     

A novel optimal data fusion algorithm and its application for the integrated navigation system of missile

For Inertial Navigation System(INS)/Celestial Navigation System(CNS)/Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS) integrated navigation system of the missile, the performance of data fusion algorithms based on the Cubature Kalman Filter(CKF) is seriously degraded when there are non-Gaussian noise and process-modeling errors in the system model. Therefore, a novel method is proposed, which is called Optimal Data Fusion algorithm based on the Adaptive Fading maximum Correntropy generalized high-degree...     

Joint sensor registration and track-to-track fusion for distributed trackers

Sensor registration deals with the correction of registration errors and is an inherent problem in all multisensor tracking systems. Traditionally, it is viewed as a least squares or a maximum likelihood problem independent of the fusion problem. We formulate it as a Bayesian estimation problem where sensor registration and track-to-track fusion are treated as joint problems and provide solutions in cases 1) when sensor outputs (i.e., raw data) are available, and 2) when tracker outputs (i.e., tracks) are available. The solution to the latter problem is of particular significance in practical systems as band limited communication links render the transmission of raw data impractical and most of the practical fusion systems have to depend on tracker outputs rather than sensor outputs for fusion. We then show that, under linear Gaussian assumptions, the Bayesian approach leads to a registration solution based on equivalent measurements generated by geographically separated radar trackers. In addition, we show that equivalent measurements are a very effective way of handling sensor registration problem in clutter. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm adequately estimates the biases, and the resulting central-level trucks are free of registration errors.     

多局部节点异步抗差航迹关联算法

为解决航迹异步与系统误差并存情况下的多局部节点航迹关联问题,提出一种基于区间序列离散度的多局部节点异步抗差航迹关联算法。定义区间型数据集的离散信息度量,给出系统误差下航迹序列区间化方法,通过累次积分计算离散度,结合多维分配进行关联判定。针对多局部节点上报目标不完全一致现象,设置零号航迹管理关联质量。与传统算法相比,无需时域配准,可在系统误差下对异步航迹直接关联。仿真结果表明,算法能在局部节点上报目标不完全一致场景下实现有效关联,且正确关联率随局部节点数目的增加或目标密集程度的增大而提高。     

多目标跟踪的核粒子概率假设密度滤波算法

提出一种新的多目标跟踪算法：核粒子概率假设密度滤波算法(KP-PHDF)。算法的创新点在概率假设密度滤波算法(PHDF)的目标状态提取步骤,以粒子概率假设密度滤波算法为框架,并运用结合了mean-shift算法的核密度估计(KDE)理论进行概率假设密度(PHD)分布的二次估计、提取PHD峰值位置作为目标状态估计值。分析与多目标跟踪(MTT)仿真的结果表明,与现有序列蒙特卡罗概率假设密度滤波算法（SMC-PHDF）相比,在相同仿真条件下新算法的估计精度提高30.5%。     

Track-to-track fusion with dissimilar sensors

An analysis is described of a kinematic state vector fusion algorithm when tracks are obtained from dissimilar sensors. For the sake of simplicity, it is assumed that two dissimilar sensors are equipped with nonidentical two-dimensional optimal linear Kalman filters. It is shown that the performance of such a track-to-track fusion algorithm can be improved if the cross-correlation matrix between candidate tracks is positive. This cross-correlation is introduced by noise associated with target maneuver that is common to the tracking filters in both sensors and is often neglected. An expression for the steady state cross-correlation matrix in closed form is derived and conditions for positivity of the cross-correlation matrix are obtained. The effect of positivity on performance of kinematic track-to-track fusion is also discussed     

基于ECEF的广义最小二乘误差配准技术

 雷达组网数据处理首先要进行误差配准,来准确地估计和消除系统误差。传统的误差配准技术多基于球极投影,当雷达之间距离较远时,给配准结果引入一定的误差。基于地球中心坐标系(ECEF),提出了一种广义最小二乘的ECEF-GLS误差配准技术,较好地解决了远距离误差配准问题,误差分析表明,如果忽略模型线性化引入的误差,配准结果达到了CRLB下限。最后,使用仿真数据验证了算法的性能,并和Zhou提出的基于ECEF坐标系的最小二乘ECEF-LS误差配准算法进行了比较。