基于滑模的多无人机系统协同编队控制

针对具有非完整约束的多无人机系统编队控制问题，提出了一种基于滑模的协同编队控制算法。控制目标是使多无人机系统能够收敛到期望编队，并且能够跟踪上期望的运动轨迹。在领导-跟随结构中，编队的期望运动轨迹由一个动态的虚拟领导者来表示，仅部分跟随者先验已知虚拟领导者信息，并且所有跟随者之间只能局部交互信息。首先，采用分布式状态观测器，使所有跟随者能够在有限时间内估计出虚拟领导者的状态。然后，利用该观测器的估计状态，提出了基于滑模的协同编队控制算法。最后，基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论证明了多无人机系统的稳定性,并且通过5架无人机的仿真验证了所提算法的有效性。     

航天器有限时间输出反馈姿态控制

研究在角速度不可测时航天器的有限时间姿态控制问题。基于有限时间控制技术,提出了由修正Rodrigues参数进行姿态描述的航天器输出反馈姿态控制算法。首先设计了单个航天器的输出反馈姿态控制器,在没有角速度反馈时也能够保证航天器姿态在有限时间内调节到期望姿态。之后,设计了无需绝对角速度和相对角速度信息的多航天器分布式输出反馈姿态控制器。使用Lyapunov理论和图论,对闭环系统全局有限时间稳定性进行了严格的证明。最后对提出的控制算法进行了数值仿真,其结果验证了所设计的航天器输出反馈控制算法的可行性和有效性。     

基于有向图的航天器编队飞行自适应姿态协同控制

在有向通信拓扑下研究了编队航天器自适应姿态协同控制问题。针对航天器编队飞行系统中存在外部扰动和模型不确定性的情况,通过选取包含相对姿态误差和绝对姿态误差的辅助变量,提出了一种鲁棒自适应控制策略。提出了自适应律估计转动惯量矩阵和扰动上界等未知参数,并且利用Lyapunov稳定性理论分析了闭环系统的渐近稳定性。与滑模控制等传统鲁棒控制不同,所设计的鲁棒自适应控制器是连续的,更便于航天器编队飞行系统的实现。最后通过仿真验证了该控制策略能够实现高精度的编队飞行跟踪控制。     

巡检无人机编队轨迹跟踪控制研究

针对单架无人机在多线电路巡检工程中效率低下的问题,提出一种巡检无人机编队控制巡检方法。针对编队过程中的饱和输入现象,采用领导者-跟随者控制算法进行无人机编队控制;在控制过程中将饱和考虑为干扰量,采用指数收敛观测器对饱和输入量进行估计;在姿态子系统控制中加入指数观测器来设计控制律,提升了编队系统的鲁棒性,最后通过李雅普诺夫稳定性分析判断系统最终达到渐近稳定。仿真结果表明了所提出控制算法的有效性。     

基于距离的无人机编队路径跟踪控制

针对复杂通信环境下无人机编队跟踪控制问题，提出了基于距离的无人机编队路径跟踪容错控制方法。基于刚性图编队控制框架，引入距离误差，实现编队控制，并针对无人机编队生成的收敛速度问题，引入预设性能技术，以指定跟踪性能生成无人机编队。针对无人机执行器可能出现的故障，利用自适应滑模容错控制技术，实现具有容错性能的编队控制。考虑无人机在飞行环境中遇到的不确定扰动和模型自身存在的未建模动态，引入神经网络控制器，提高控制算法的抗干扰能力。最后，基于Lyapunov理论证明了所设计编队控制系统的稳定性，仿真验证了控制方法的有效性。     

基于PX4飞控的多旋翼无人机编队跟踪系统设计

为解决单架无人机续航能力不足、执行任务单薄、应用场合受限等问题，目前多无人机协同跟踪具有极其重要的研究价值。以多旋翼无人机为研究对象，设计了一种基于 PX4飞控的多旋翼无人机协同编队系统。利用飞控底层软件，将设计的制导律进行移植，通过ROS系统对无人机进行外部控制，各个僚机和长机之间能够实时获取其他无人机位置，然后通过控制器得到指令速度，从而形成预设跟踪编队。仿真实验结果表明，整个编队系统对目标的跟踪精确有效，并且所设计的制导律可以在PX4飞控架构下实现对地面目标的编队跟踪，提高了多旋翼编队跟踪系统的稳定性。     

单推力航天器交会对接轨迹规划及跟踪控制

针对单推力航天器交会对接问题，提出一种轨迹规划及跟踪算法。首先，考虑到追踪航天器只沿本体X轴安装推力器，且推力方向固定，为了实现从起始位置转移至期望位置并满足姿态要求，基于三维螺旋线设计两阶段转移轨迹，根据初末位置以及末端速度方向要求，求解螺旋线参数。该螺旋线可以保证在初末速度方向固定情况下，曲率积分最小。其次，为了降低轨迹跟踪难度并减小初始时刻的位置跟踪控制力，需要将转移轨迹初始速度与追踪星X轴重合。传统螺旋线无法满足该约束条件。本文对传统螺旋线进行改进，提出一种旋转螺旋线轨迹设计方法。通过引入姿态旋转矩阵，将螺旋线在三维空间旋转，在不改变曲线形状的前提下满足初末位置及速度方向要求。然后，为了跟踪转移轨迹以及跟踪期望推力方向，提出基于CLF（Control Lyapunov Function）的滑模控制策略，当追踪星X轴与期望推力方向夹角较大时，采用CLF，保证最优性；当姿态误差收敛至滑模面附近时，切换为滑模控制，以提升系统鲁棒性。最后，通过仿真验证旋转螺旋线相比于传统螺旋线的优势。     

多无人机绳索悬挂协同搬运固定时间控制

针对多无人机绳索悬挂协同搬运跟踪控制问题,设计了一种新的固定时间协同跟踪控制算法。首先,通过旋量分析,计算系统不同状态下的有效旋量空间,并根据静力学平衡计算系统在有效旋量空间约束下的拉力容许裕度。其次,在保证绳索张紧以及最大拉力约束的条件下,基于微分平坦性以及绳索拉力优化分配算法,规划编队的期望跟踪轨迹。然后,基于Udwadia-Kalaba方程建立系统动力学模型,设计了连续的基于类超扭滑模和积分滑模的鲁棒控制项,以补偿系绳拉力给无人机造成的扰动,并设计了基于双极限齐次性原理的固定时间无人机协同外环位置控制器。针对无人机内环姿态稳定控制,设计了固定时间姿态稳定控制器。仿真结果表明,绳索拉力满足张紧和最大拉力约束,且设计的固定时间协同跟踪控制算法保证了系统在固定时间内稳定跟踪期望轨迹。     

输入饱和下多航天器分布式固定时间输出反馈姿态协同控制

研究有向通信拓扑结构下存在输入饱和时多航天器分布式固定时间输出反馈姿态协同控制问题。首先，针对只有部分航天器可以获得主航天器姿态和角速度状态信息问题，设计了一个固定时间主航天器状态观测器来观测主航天器状态信息。针对航天器无法测量自身角速度的情况，设计了一个固定时间航天器角速度观测器，实现了在固定时间内观测出航天器角速度信息。然后，基于固定时间主航天器状态观测器和固定时间航天器角速度观测器，设计一个固定时间输出反馈姿态追踪控制器，并证明了系统固定时间稳定性。此外，仿真结果也验证了所提控制策略的有效性。     

一种精确鲁棒的刚体航天器特征轴旋转控制策略(英文)

特征轴旋转表征了两个方位之间的最短角路径,通常被看做是一种拟最小时间的快速姿态机动策略。本文在动力学方程中考虑了外部扰动和系统参数不确定性,基于时变滑模控制技术(TVSMC)研究了刚体航天器特征轴旋转的鲁棒控制问题。首先,通过一个TVSMC算法揭示了所提出鲁棒特征轴旋转策略的主要特点,并且证明了全局滑模的特点和闭环系统的稳定性,给出了特征轴旋转的必要条件。然后,为了抑制全局抖振,提高控制精度,提出了一种基于扰动观测器的时变滑模控制(DOTVSMC)算法。其中,采用边界层方法来削弱抖振并设计了扰动观测器来补偿不期望的影响。在航天器的姿态表征参数选择上,采用了没有冗余性的修正罗德里格斯参数(MRP)。最后,采用数值仿真来验证提出方法的有效性,并采用调宽调频(PWPF)技术来调制开关推力器。     

Coordinated attitude control for flexible spacecraft formation with actuator configuration misalignment

This paper investigates the coordinated attitude control problem for flexible spacecraft formation with the consideration of actuator configuration misalignment. First, an integral-type sliding mode adaptive control law is designed to compensate the effects of flexible mode, environmental disturbance and actuator installation deviation. The basic idea of the Integral-type Sliding Mode Control (ISMC) is to design a proper sliding manifold so that the sliding mode starts from the initial time instant, and thus the robustness of the system can be guaranteed from the beginning of the process and the reaching phase is eliminated. Then, considering the nominal system of spacecraft formation based on directed topology, an attitude cooperative control strategy is developed for the nominal system with or without communication delay. The proposed control law can guarantee that for each spacecraft in the spacecraft formation, the desired attitude objective can be achieved and the attitude synchronization can be maintained with other spacecraft in the formation. Finally, simulation results are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.     

Delay Depending Decentralized Adaptive Attitude Synchronization Tracking Control of Spacecraft Formation

This paper deals with the problem of cooperative attitude tracking with time-varying communication delays as well as the delays between inter-synchronization control parts and self-tracking control parts in the spacecraft formation flying. First, we present the attitude synchronization tracking control algorithms and analyze the sufficient delay-dependent stability condition with the choice of a Lyapunov function when the angular velocity can be measured. More specifically, a class of linear filters is developed to derive an output feedback control law without having direct information of the angular velocity, which is significant for practical applications with low-cost configurations of spacecraft. Using a well-chosen Lyapunov-Krasovskii function, it is proven that the presented control law can make the spacecraft formation attitude tracking system synchronous and achieve exponential stability, in the face of model uncertainties, as well as non-uniform time-varying delays in communication links and different control parts. Finally, simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes.     

采用框架角受限控制力矩陀螺的航天器姿态机动控制

以框架角受限的金字塔构型控制力矩陀螺(CMG)为执行机构,研究了航天器欧拉姿态机动控制问题.考虑控制力矩及航天器角速度约束等因素,对已有的姿态机动控制律进行了改进,使其能实现绕欧拉轴的大角度姿态机动.同时考虑力矩陀螺框架角受限情况,通过适当加入空转指令对框架角进行重构,设计了复合控制形式的控制力矩陀螺操纵律,并通过过渡...     

Super twisting controller for on-orbit servicing to non-cooperative target

A relative position and attitude coupled controller is proposed for rendezvous and docking between two docking ports located in different spacecraft. It is concerned with servicing to a tumbling non-cooperative target spacecraft in arbitrary orbit subjected to external disturbances.By considering both kinematic and dynamical coupled effects of relative rotation on relative translation, a coupled dynamic model is established to represent the relative motion of docking port on target spacecraft with respect to another on the service spacecraft. The spacecraft control is based on the second order sliding mode algorithm of super twisting(ST). It is schemed to manipulate the relative position and attitude synchronously. A formal proof of the finite time convergence property of the closed-loop system is derived theoretically by the second method of Lyapunov. Numerical simulations with the designed ST controller are presented to validate the analytic analysis by contrast with the twisting control algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed relative position and attitude integrated controller is characterized by high precision, strong robustness and high reliability.     

基于循环追踪控制的卫星编队构形调整控制律设计

卫星编队控制问题中，分布式控制优于主从式控制，在编队控制中应用日益广泛。提出了一种基于循环追踪算法的分布式控制策略，分析了该方法的优势。由于循环追踪算法存在编队中心由初始几何中心固定并与运动过程无关的弱点，引进了虚拟灯塔导引进行联合控制实现编队中心可变。建立了三维空间相对运动数学模型，设计非线性循环追踪算法与虚拟灯塔导引联合控制律，对全员联合控制与单星联合控制其余卫星采用非线性循环追踪控制两种方案的计算结果进行比较。结果表明，全员联合控制律的控制方案优于仅单星采用联合控制的方案，两种方案均可实现卫星编队按指定构形运动。     

Coordinated Multiple Spacecraft Attitude Control with Communication Time Delays and Uncertainties

In this paper, we consider the coordinated attitude control problem of spacecraft formation with communication delays, model and disturbance uncertainties, and propose novel synchronized control schemes. Since the attitude motion is essential in non-Euclidean space, thus, unlike the existing designs which describe the delayed relative attitude via linear algorithm, we treat the attitude error and the local relative attitude on the nonlinear manifold-Lie group, and attempt to obtain coupling attitude information by the natural quaternion multiplication. Our main focus is to address two problems:1) Propose a coordinated attitude controller to achieve the synchronized attitude maneuver, i.e., synchronize multiple spacecraft attitudes and track a time-varying desired attitude; 2) With known model information, we achieve the synchronized attitude maneuver with disturbances under angular velocity constraints. Especially, if the formation does not have any uncertainties, the designer can simply set the controller via an appropriate choice of control gains to avoid system actuator saturation. Our controllers are proposed based on the Lyapunov-Krasovskii method and simulation of a spacecraft formation is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of theoretical results.     

Fully distributed time-varying formation tracking control for multiple quadrotor vehicles via finite-time convergent extended state observer

This paper investigates a time-varying anti-disturbance formation problem for a group of quadrotor aircrafts with time-varying uncertainties and a directed interaction topology. A novel Finite-Time Convergent Extended State Observer (FTCESO) based fully-distributed formation control scheme is proposed to enhance the disturbance rejection and the formation tracking performances for networked quadrotors. By adopting the hierarchical control strategy, the multi-quadrotor system is separated into two subsystems: the outer-loop cooperative subsystem and the inner-loop attitude subsystem. In the outer-loop subsystem, with the estimation of disturbing forces and uncertain dynamics from FTCESOs, an adaptive consensus theory based cooperative controller is exploited to ensure the multiple quadrotors form and maintain a time-varying pattern relying only on the positions of the neighboring aircrafts. In the inner-loop subsystem, the desired attitude generated by the cooperative control law is stably tracked under a FTCESO-based attitude controller in a finite time. Based on a detailed algorithm to specify the cooperative control protocol, the feasibility condition to achieve the time-varying anti-disturbance formation tracking is derived and the rigorous analysis of the whole closed-loop multi-quadrotor system is given. Some numerical examples are conducted to intuitively demonstrate the effectiveness and the improvements of the proposed control framework.     

空间多刚体系统编队及姿态的协同综合控制

针对由多个非线性系统组成的多子系统的协同控制问题,给出了一种基于输出反馈的协同控制律的设计方法,并将其应用于空间多个刚体的编队控制和姿态的协同控制系统中,给出了空间多刚体系统编队控制及姿态协同控制问题有解的充分条件,设计了多刚体编队及姿态稳定的协同综合控制律。仿真结果表明,这种控制方法是有效的、可行的,所设计的控制器能够使整个刚体系统在空间运行过程中保持一定的队形,并且同时稳定控制描述各个刚体系统姿态的四元数。