SIRTF — The moderate mission

The Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF) has been planned by NASA and the US scientific and aerospace communities as a cryogenically-cooled observatory for infrared astronomy from space. Within the past few years, severe pressures on NASA's budget have led to the cancellation of many programs and to dramatic rescoping of others; SIRTF is in the latter category. This paper describes the resulting redefinition of SIRTF and the technical innovations which have made it possible to package SIRTF's key scientific capabilities into the envelope of a moderate-class mission.     

Grazing-incidence telescopes for X-ray astronomy

We review the progress made at our laboratory over the past several years in developing grazing-incidence imaging X-ray optics. Mirrors, detection systems and dispersion techniques are discussed and experimental results are given. We discuss the application of two telescope systems to a number of experimental observations in X-ray astronomy.     

原子干涉陀螺仪精密测量及应用

由于原子干涉陀螺仪具有灵敏度高和长期稳定性好等特点,在惯性导航、精密测量、测地学等领域有着重要的应用前景,因此,研制高精度原子干涉陀螺仪具有重要的科学意义和应用价值,已成为当今研究的热点课题之一。首先综述了国内外原子干涉陀螺仪的研究进展和发展趋势。然后分析了广义相对论检验和惯性导航应用对原子干涉陀螺仪的需求,介绍了10余年来在原子干涉仪、萨格纳克效应和原子干涉陀螺仪方面取得的研究成果。最后讨论了原子干涉陀螺仪的优缺点,并展望了原子干涉陀螺仪的发展机遇及其在精密测量和惯性导航领域面临的挑战。     

21世纪初军用飞行器战术技术要求的新内容——隐身能力

本文从战争的启示、系统工程分析的结论及反隐身技术的威胁等三方面,论证了“隐身能力”对未来军用飞行器的重要性。文中着重分析了21世纪初军用飞行器战术技术要求的新内容——“隐身能力”所包括的三个内容:（1）飞行器的散射特性及辐射特性;（2）飞行器的电子干扰能力;（3）飞行器所用的战术隐身技术。     

H6飞机最大起飞质量数学模型的研究

正确确定最大起飞质量，对于轰炸机和大型运输机的起飞安全有着非常重要的意义。确定最大起飞质量，以往多采用作图的方法，由于影响最大起飞质量的因素比较复杂，所以比较准确的数学模型未曾建立。近几年来对这个问题进行了多方面的探讨，得出一个计算Ｈ６最大起飞质量比较准确的数学模型。此数学模型的建立为其它轰炸机、运输机最大起飞质量的计算开辟了一条新路，对工程应用具有一定的参考价值。     

Design and application of solar sailing: A review on key technologies

Solar sail technology has been proposed and developed for space explorations with advantages of low launch cost, no-propellant consumption, and continuous thrust, which has great potentials in earth polar detection, interstellar explorations and etc. The development of solar sail has made significant progress in structural design, manufacturing, materials, orbit transfer, and stability control in the past few decades, which makes meaningful contributions to astronomy, physics, and aerospace science. Technological breakthroughs of Solar Radiation Pressure (SRP) propulsion and interstellar transfer have been achieved in current solar sail missions. However, there are still many challenges and problems need to be solved. This paper attempts to summarize the research schemes and potential applications of solar sailing in space missions from the viewpoint of key technologies, so as to provide an overall perspective for researchers in this field. Analyses of the key technologies of solar sailing system design are provided. Finally, challenges and prospective development of solar sailing are discussed.     

加大改革力度,建立有效机制,为把南航建设成第一流科技大学而奋斗

 今年10月20日是南京航空学院建校40周年纪念日。40年来南航已培养了三万多名高级科技人才,完成了千余项重要科研成果,研制成功无人驾驶飞机、直升机及轻型飞机,为国防现代化及经济建设作出了重大贡献。学院现有6000余名学生,3000余名教职工。有15个系、部,29个专业,22个硕士点,10个博士点,3个国家重点学科,3个博士后流动站;已形成了既是教育中心,又是科研中心的完整体系。今后南航将进一步解放思想,强化竞争意识,主动适应经济建设和社会发展的需要,建立人才培养、科学研究和产业开发的新机制,在教育的数量、质量、结构、效益等方面再上一个新台阶,把南航建设成为一所具有航空航天特色、在国内外有广泛影响的第一流的全国重点科技大学。     

The problem of period detection in sources of hard gamma-ray emission

Thanks to the efforts of several research groups on high energy gamma-ray astronomy, the analysis techniques for periodicity searches in this field have improved noticeably over recent years. A brief review of the main problems involved in the analysis and of the technologies now available is given in this paper with an eye to what can be achieved by the planned gamma-ray satellite experiments.     

Hybrid simulation codes with application to shocks and upstream waves

Hybrid codes in which part of the plasma is represented as particles and the rest as a fluid are discussed. In the past few years such codes with particle ions and massless, fluid electrons have been applied to space plasmas, especially to collisionless shocks. All of these simulation codes are one-dimensional and similar in structure, except for how the field equations are solved. We describe in detail the various approaches that are used (resistive Ohm's law, predictor-corrector, Hamiltonian) and compare results from the various codes with examples taken from collisionless shocks and low frequency wave phenomena upstream of shocks.     

Aspects of neutrino astronomy

A broad overview of the current status of experimental neutrino astronomy is presented. Particular emphasis is given to the major recent developments that have occurred during the last few years. It is concluded that these developments and the next generation of experiments currently being installed signifies the coming of age of neutrino astronomy.     

Recent advance in nonlinear aeroelastic analysis and control of the aircraft

A review on the recent advance in nonlinear aeroelasticity of the aircraft is presented in this paper. The nonlinear aeroelastic problems are divided into three types based on different research objects, namely the two dimensional airfoil, the wing, and the full aircraft. Different non- linearities encountered in aeroelastic systems are discussed firstly, where the emphases is placed on new nonlinear model to describe tested nonlinear relationship. Research techniques, especially new theoretical methods and aeroelastic flutter control methods are investigated in detail. The route to chaos and the cause of chaotic motion of two-dimensional aeroelastic system are summarized. Var- ious structural modeling methods for the high-aspect-ratio wing with geometric nonlinearity are dis- cussed. Accordingly, aerodynamic modeling approaches have been developed for the aeroelastic modeling of nonlinear high-aspect-ratio wings. Nonlinear aeroelasticity about high-altitude long- endurance （HALE） and fight aircrafts are studied separately. Finally, conclusions and the chal- lenges of the development in nonlinear aeroelasticity are concluded. Nonlinear aeroelastic problems of morphing wing, energy harvesting, and flapping aircrafts are proposed as new directions in the future.     

Spectres auroraux

Summary The paper presents a review of the main spectroscopic studies of polar aurora accomplished during the past eight years.In a first part, the few new results concerning knowledge of the spectrum itself are examined. They concern detailed spectrum analysis, a few spectral features (sodium doublet, helium lines) and the extension of spectral observations to very low wavelengths (3000 to 1000 Å). The main features discovered in this region are the Vegard-Kaplan and Lyman-Birge-Hopfield systems as well as the 1304 oxygen line. A comparison of observed and theoretical intensities shows serious discrepancies, not all of which may be attributed to difficulties of observation. Next is given classification, from a spectral point of view, of the various kinds of auroral phenomena, with respect to altitude and latitude. Particular attention is given to high altitude and sunlit aurorae, and to low intensity, non discrete aurorae observed around the 70th degree (geomagnetic) and around the polar cap.A second part underlines the influence of two important parameters, time and location, mainly as a possible means of detection of different mechanisms.As far as the time parameter is concerned, a few pages are devoted to statistical analysis of the great wealth of observational data accumulated over twenty or thirty years.It is shown that important conclusions emerge from such studies. Very small scale time variations are mainly concerned with the study of metastable states, their lifetimes and de-excitation due to shocks between particles. Differences of spectra with the location of the observed emitting volume is a much more recent subject, which has, however, produced important results. These concern mainly observations made from rockets, although a few results have been obtained from the ground. All these indicate significant differences that may shed some light on the difficult problem of mechanisms. The latter has not been developed, since a recent review has been written on the subject. The same is true for the very important problem of hydrogen emissions.The last pages are concerned with the latest developments of experimental methods, with some stress on image tubes, which will probably be one of the main detecting devices for observing auroral spectra in the near future.     

某型飞机平尾间隙研究和改进

分析某型飞机平尾安装和使用过程中间隙问题产生的原因,探讨影响锥形衬套与平尾转轴、大轴承内圈之间间隙的因素,从理论上对平尾转轴的受力状况和安装间隙之间的关系进行了研究,找出现有飞机存在的问题并进行排故和处理,为后续飞机提出设计改进措施。     

Instrumentation for X-ray astronomy

Less than five decades ago, the first X-ray observations of the sky were made using simple devices such as film and geiger counters with crude collimators. These instruments were carried aloft by sounding rockets and made observations lasting only a few minutes at most. Today, orbiting observatories, utilizing high-resolution CCDs at the focus of arc sec optics, have lifetimes measured in years. To maintain the pace of discovery in X-ray astronomy, detectors must continue to evolve into devices of ever increasing sensitivity and sophistication. Further progress depends upon a host of technologies: grazing incidence optics, proportional counters, semiconductors, calorimeters, etc. In this article we present a brief qualitative overview of these technologies and of the principles behind them, as well as some examples of how they are employed in scientific missions for X-ray observations at energies up to 100 keV.     

The future of space infrared astronomy

Conclusion I can remember vividly when Tim Hawarden first came into my office about 7 years ago and talked very excitedly about passively-cooled space infrared telescopes. He was sufficiently persuasive that we even managed to get the idea into the various forward-look exercises in which the SERC indulges every year. The idea has evolved considerably since then and the climax of that activity was when Tim presented the case for POIROT to the European Space Agency a couple of years ago. The project did very well indeed as it passed through the peer-review committees and was unlucky just to miss being selected for further study.Since then, the momentum has continued largely through the enthusiasm of Tim and of Harley Thronson's advocacy in the USA. It is my view that the time has come when the agencies have to take these proposals very seriously indeed as the way forward for space infrared astronomy. Our goal over the next two days is to expose all the issues which have to be addressed to convert the concept into a realistic space mission.     

On the Performance of Video Band Complex Correlators

The performance data for various correlation schemes for Gaussian signals converted from the intermediate frequency band to the video band are derived and discussed. The folded-band conversion scheme is shown to have significant advantages for continuum observations in radio astronomy.     

考虑排放影响的飞机多学科优化设计

随着民用航空运输业的发展,飞机对气候环境的影响越来越受到重视。为了满足未来飞机设计中经济性和环保性等指标,有必要在飞机概念设计阶段综合考虑成本和排放的影响。本文使用全球平均温度变化作为衡量飞机排放对气候影响的标准,分析了飞机巡航高度和速度对于排放物的影响。进一步,通过整合气动、重量、成本和排放等学科模型,建立了飞机概念设计阶段的多学科优化框架。基于该优化框架,以机翼平面形状、飞行速度和高度等参数为优化变量,分别以排放最小和成本最低为目标,进行了单目标和多目标优化设计研究。Pareto最优前沿的优化结果显示,单位排放成本的高低会影响成本相对于排放性能的变化趋势。     

Plans for submillimetre and infrared satellites in Japan

I describe plans for submillimetre and infrared satellites which are now under discussion among Japanese infrared and millimetre astronomers. We propose a submillimetre and/or infrared mission to be launched around 2000 with a main reflector 1–2 m in diameter and cooled down to 50–150 K. This mission, although a small one, will be able to contribute significantly to the advance in submillimetre and infrared astronomy if its role is specified for suitable purposes like surveys.     

军用飞机雷达吸波结构复合材料研究进展

对军用飞机雷达吸波结构复合材料研究所涉及的技术问题和难点进行论述，对其结构组成和国外应用研究情况进行介绍。     

舰尾流环境中载机纵向QFT/TECS控制系统设计

为了消除舰尾流对载机着舰过程产生的影响,同时完成低动压状态下飞行速度与高度的解耦工作,基于定量反馈理论/总能量控制理论(QFT/TECS)设计了纵向着舰控制系统。针对着舰过程中数学模型所具有的不确定因素及舰尾流对下滑航迹的影响,以载机高度变化率为控制对象,使用定量反馈理论结合推力补偿系统进行了内回路鲁棒控制律设计。外回路控制律设计是以总能量控制理论为基础,通过粒子群优化算法对待调控制参数进行寻优,进而实现了对高度、速度等参数的精确控制,完成了载机纵向着舰轨迹与速度的解耦工作。仿真结果表明,该控制律在拥有较强的鲁棒性的基础上具有良好的解耦控制能力,实现了载机着舰段的高度与速度的解耦控制,明显提高了载机对着舰轨迹的跟踪能力,可满足不确定条件下载机的着舰要求。