颗粒增强钛基复材缓进深切磨削加工研究

颗粒增强钛基复合材料(PTMCs)属于典型的难加工材料,在航空航天领域具有广阔应用前景.本文开展了PTMCs材料的缓进深切磨削研究,揭示了磨削用量和磨削方式(顺磨与逆磨)对磨削力与磨削温度的影响规律,同时利用有限元法分析了磨削温度场特征和材料去除机理.研究发现,缓进深切磨削PTMCs时,磨削力随工件进给速度和切深增加而增加,顺磨时的磨削力比逆磨大10％～20％,而顺磨的磨削温度要比逆磨约低10％.由于逆磨和顺磨工件的温度分布不同,当切深大于0.6mm、工件进给速度大于400mm/min时,顺磨比逆磨更易发生烧伤.在此基础上,提出了顺磨与逆磨条件下磨削温度场仿真计算的不同热源模型与边界条件,分别获得了两种磨削方式的温度分布特征,有限元仿真结果与试验结果相符.颗粒增强钛基复材磨削表面典型加工缺陷是表面涂覆和硬脆增强相破碎和拔出导致的孔洞,单颗磨粒切厚对硬脆增强相的去除行为有显著的影响.     

GH4169材料缓磨烧伤特征量的研究

本文论述了GH4169高温合金缓磨时各主要过程参量的变化特征,提供了相应的反映已磨表面形貌变化特征的SEM照片;并应用XPS对烧伤表层氧化膜组份进行了探讨。     

GH4169高温合金高速切削表层微观组织分布规律研究

高速切削过程中,剧烈的塑性变形和极高的切削温度容易引起已加工表层材料的微观组织缺陷,从而成为工件服役过程中疲劳断裂的潜在风险。本文结合试验测试和有限元仿真研究了GH4169高温合金高速加工表层材料的微观组织演变规律及形成机制。开展了高速正交切削试验,并通过电子背散射衍射（EBSD）技术观测了已加工表层材料的微观组织。随后,基于修正的Johnson–Cook本构模型建立了GH4169高温合金高速正交切削有限元分析模型,并获得切削过程中工件表层材料的温度场和应变场。结果表明,已加工表层材料的温度、应变和微观组织均呈现梯度分布特征,近表层材料的晶粒细化至纳米级。切削过程中产生的梯度分布的力–热载荷是导致已加工表层材料微观组织呈现梯度分布的原因。     

连续修正磨削

涡轮叶片榫齿采用缓进磨削加工,以代替传统的铣削加工,是七十年代的事。在磨削中,如果一次磨削量过大,工件表面会出现烧伤,在加工热导性不好的耐热合金时尤为明显。这是影响这种新工艺进一步提高效率(单位时间内的金属去除率)的主要原因。七十年代后期,人们对此进行了探讨,发现修正过的砂轮,进入磨削的前40秒钟内,磨     

断续缓磨射流冲击强化磨削弧区换热的实验研究

通过深切缓磨时磨削烧伤机理的分析,提出高压射流冲击强化磨削弧区换热新构想,并通过断续缓磨射流侧向冲击弧区的磨削实验显示其换热效果．     

钛合金风扇叶片磨抛加工性能试验研究

针对钛合金风扇叶片磨抛加工中砂轮易磨损、工件表面易烧伤的问题,开展了钛合金材料磨抛加工性试验研究,主要考察砂轮选型、磨抛工艺参数等关键因素对钛合金材料磨抛加工性的影响,并对试验结果进行了分析研究。试验结果表明,在保证工件表面加工质量(R_a0.8μm,表面无烧伤)的前提下,普通磨料砂轮GC46L10V磨抛加工钛合金的材料去除率和磨抛比分别可达5000mm~3/min和2.5,超硬磨料陶瓷结合剂CBN砂轮磨抛加工钛合金的材料去除率和磨抛比分别可达2000mm~3/min和4。基于研究结果,针对钛合金风扇叶片开展了砂带磨抛加工验证试验,工件加工质量良好。     

钎焊CBN砂轮缓磨镍基铸造高温合金的磨削加工性与表面完整性(英文)

缓进给磨削工艺适合于成型磨削,尤其在复杂型面构件的高效精密磨削中具有广阔应用前景。本文采用钎焊CBN砂轮进行了镍基铸造高温合金K424的缓磨试验,重点研究了工艺参数(砂轮线速度、工件进给速度、切深)对磨削加工性与表面完整性的影响,包括磨削力与磨削温度、磨削比能、尺寸稳定性、加工表面形貌、亚表面层的显微硬度与金相组织变化、残余应力。结果显示,尽管K424合金的磨削比能高达200-300J/mm3,但在钎焊CBN砂轮缓进给磨削K424合金过程中,磨削温度仅约为100℃。采用砂轮线速度22.5m/s、工件进给速度0.1m/min,以及切深0.2mm的工艺参数加工出满足尺寸精度要求的直槽。磨削表面未发现磨削烧伤与显微裂纹,并且呈压应力状态。     

弹性磨头气驱主轴的磨抛接触特性研究

针对复杂形状工件磨抛的问题,设计了一种配有弹性磨头的小体积、高转速的气驱主轴。建立了该主轴磨抛加工过程的理论去除函数模型,并通过了试验验证。结果表明,仿真和试验得到的去除函数高度吻合,且均接近高斯型,属于理想的去除函数。在此基础上,采用气驱磨抛主轴与弹性树脂磨头进行了磨抛试验,探究了各个主要工艺参数对工件表面质量的影响。磨抛后工件表面粗糙度Ra由3.588μm降至0.401μm,证明该气驱主轴可用于高精度磨抛,并为复杂形状工件的高速磨抛提供了一定的理论依据。     

离子束抛光热场数值仿真分析

本文采用有限元分析软件ANSYS模拟了离子束加工KDP晶体表面的温度场和热应力场分布。入射表面温度随离子束作用时间增加而增加并随离子束扫描周期呈现周期性变化。工件表面热应力受温度变化影响呈现一定的周期性,且压应力大于拉应力。仿真结果为进一步优化KDP晶体离子束抛光过程中的工艺参数,减小加工中热效应的不利影响提供一定的理论指导。     

飞机刹车副温度场的瞬态有限元模型

飞机制动过程中刹车装置产生的高温可使摩擦材料发生热降解,导致摩擦系数变化,出现热衰退现象,影响飞机的安全性能,因此飞机刹车副瞬态温度场分析日益受到关注。针对飞机刹车副瞬态温度场建立了具有对流和热辐射两种边界条件的有限元计算模型,分析了边界条件对温度场的影响,并用ANSYS对其进行仿真计算。仿真计算得到的温度与刹车副经验温度基本吻合,证明了所建立的有限元计算模型合理、可行,为飞机刹车装置温度场分析、计算和研究提供理论支持。     

Grindability and Surface Integrity of Cast Nickel-based Superalloy in Creep Feed Grinding with Brazed CBN Abrasive Wheels

The technique of creep feed grinding is most suitable for geometrical shaping, and therefore has been expected to improve effectively material removal rate and surface quality of components with complex profile. This article studies experimentally the effects of process parameters (i.e. wheel speed, workpiece speed and depth of cut) on the grindability and surface integrity of cast nickel-based superalloys, i.e. K424, during creep feed grinding with brazed cubic boron nitride (CBN) abrasive wheels. Some important factors, such as grinding force and temperature, specific grinding energy, size stability, surface topography, microhardness and microstructure alteration of the sub-surface, residual stresses, are investigated in detail. The results show that during creep feed grinding with brazed CBN wheels, low grinding temperature at about 100 °C is obtained though the specific grinding energy of nickel-based superalloys is high up to 200-300 J/mm³. A combination of wheel speed 22.5 m/s, workpiece speed 0.1 m/min, depth of cut 0.2 mm accomplishes the straight grooves with the expected dimensional accuracy. Moreover, the compressive residual stresses are formed in the burn-free and crack-free ground surface.     

K417航空叶片材料缓进深磨烧伤特征及烧伤程度判别

 利用扫描电镜、电子探针、x射线光电子谱仪等测试分析手段,按照传统的烧伤分档标准对K417铸造镍基高温合金缓进磨削时烧伤表面的形成机理及烧伤表面层物理性态所发生的种种变化进行了系统的研究。文中针对高温合金本身的特点,结合性态测试与疲劳试验结果指出:仅有紫色档才可能对零件的使用寿命构成实质性损伤。     

Feasibility study of creep feed grinding of 300M steel with zirconium corundum wheel

The ultrahigh strength 300M steel has been commonly used in the manufacture of aircraft landing gear and rotor shaft parts due to its excellent mechanical properties. Creep feed grinding is one of the essential operations during the whole component manufacturing processes. In this work, the feasibility of creep feed grinding of 300M steel by using the hard zirconium corundum wheel was theoretically and experimentally evaluated. A variety of responses including grinding forces, temperature fields...     

断续磨削时的脉动温度场解析

文章构造了周期变化的移动热源模型,并引进卷积概念建立了计算断续磨削时工件表层非稳态脉动温度场的理论公式。该公式可以包容连续磨削的情况,且可计算任意时刻的瞬态温度分布。文中利用推得的公式对断续磨削时的温度场及其降温机理作了深入的研究     

Grinding force and surface quality in creep feed profile grinding of turbine blade root of nickel-based superalloy with microcrystalline alumina abrasive wheels

Creep feed profile grinding of the fir-tree blade root forms of single crystal nickel-based superalloy was conducted using microcrystalline alumina abrasive wheels in the present study. The grinding force and the surface quality in terms of surface topography, subsurface microstructure, microhardness and residual stress obtained under different grinding conditions were evaluated comparatively. Experimental results indicated that the grinding force was influenced significantly by the competing predominance between the grinding parameters and the cross-sectional root workpiece profile. In addition, the root workpiece surface, including the root peak and valley regions, was produced with the large difference in surface quality due to the nonuniform grinding loads along the root workpiece profile in normal section. Detailed results showed that the surface roughness, subsurface plastic deformation and work hardening level of the root valley region were higher by up to 25%, 20% and 7% in average than those obtained in the root peak region, respectively, in the current investigation. Finally, the superior parameters were recommended in the creep feed profile grinding of the fir-tree blade root forms. This study is helpful to provide industry guidance to optimize the machining process for the high-valued parts with complicated profiles.     

Suppression of Surface Burn in Grinding of Titanium Alloy TC4 Using a Self-inhaling Internal Cooling Wheel

Based on analysis of surface average temperature and burn degree, this article obtains the threshold temperature of surface burn in grinding titanium alloy with cup wheels. Meanwhile, the impact of the burn degree on the metallographic structure of workpiece surface and metallurgical phase transformations is investigated. In order to reduce the grinding temperature and improve the grinding efficiency, a self-inhaling structure cup segmented wheel is developed to generate internal cooling effect. The internal cooling technology is compared with traditional cooling conditions in the grinding experiments on TC4 (Ti-6Al-4V). The results indicate that the self-inhaling internal cooling wheel can reduce the grinding surface temperature by 30% or more, and the grinding efficiency doubles. Utilizing water-based semi-synthetic coolant, the segmented wheel with the self-inhaling structure can further reduce the grinding temperature by about 50%.     

Effect of creep feed grinding on surface integrity and fatigue life of Ni3Al based superalloy IC10

Ni₃Al-based superalloy IC10 is widely used in high temperature components of aero-engines because of its superior mechanical properties. In this paper, the creep feed grinding properties of IC10 were investigated experimentally. The effects of grinding parameters on the grinding forces and temperature were examined. Moreover, the influences of surface roughness and hardening on the high-cycle fatigue life of IC10 specimens were studied. To control the creep feed grinding parameters and enhance the fatigue life of IC10 components, the experimental results were summarized to offer a useful reference point. It is concluded that, the grinding depth is the most important factor which influencing the grinding forces and temperature; the surface roughness is the main and unfavorable factor on the fatigue life of IC10, while the surface hardening has a positive influence on the fatigue life; to obtain a better surface quality and improve the fatigue life of IC 10, the recommended grinding parameter domain involves wheel speed ∈ [15, 20] m/s, feed rate ∈ [150, 200] mm/min, and grinding depth ∈ [0.4, 0.5] mm.     

表面硬化钢磨削表层质量的研究

 表面硬化钢磨削时容易引起烧伤,本文以单位面积磨削功率北P_c″作为磨削过程特征参量,应用各种测量技术评价磨削表层状态。试验表明,不同的磨削表层质量与P_c″有很好的对应关系。     

ELID成形磨削实验研究与表面粗糙度预测

为了探究ELID成型磨削中磨削参数和电解参数对表面粗糙度的影响规律,基于未变形切屑厚度模型,考虑砂轮上磨粒出刃高度的随机性以及ELID磨削中氧化膜的影响,建立了针对ELID磨削的表面粗糙度预测模型。单因素实验研究了ELID成形磨削电源参数对表面粗糙度的影响规律,并探讨了电解电流与氧化膜厚度之间的关系。全因子实验以工件转速、砂轮转速和进给切深为影响因素,研究了磨削参数对表面粗糙度的影响规律,并对预测模型进行了验证。结果表明:磨削参数中,其他条件一定时,表面粗糙度随砂轮转速的增大而减小,随工件转速和切深的增大而增大;同时对于粗糙度的预测误差达到了8.75%,预测模型有效可靠。