A Real-Valued 2D DOA Estimation Algorithm of Noncircular Signal via Euler Transformation and Rotational Invariance Property

The problem of two-dimensional(2 D)direction of arrival(DOA)estimation for double parallel uniform linear arrays is investigated in this paper.A real-valued DOA estimation algorithm of noncircular(NC)signal is proposed,which combines the Euler transformation and rotational invariance(RI)property between subarrays.In this work,the effective array aperture is doubled by exploiting the noncircularity of signals.The complex arithmetic is converted to real arithmetic via Euler transformation.The main contribution of this work is not only extending the NC-Euler-ESPRIT algorithm from uniform linear array to double parallel uniform linear arrays,but also constructing a new 2 Drotational invariance property between subarrays,which is more complex than that in NCEuler-ESPRIT algorithm.The proposed 2 DNC-Euler-RI algorithm has much lower computational complexity than2 DNC-ESPRIT algorithm.The proposed algorithm has better angle estimation performance than 2 DESPRIT algorithm and 2 D NC-PM algorithm for double parallel uniform linear arrays,and is very close to that of 2 D NC-ESPRIT algorithm.The elevation angles and azimuth angles can be obtained with automatically pairing.The proposed algorithm can estimate up to 2(M-1)sources,which is two times that of 2 D ESPRIT algorithm.Cramer-Rao bound(CRB)of noncircular signal is derived for the proposed algorithm.Computational complexity comparison is also analyzed.Finally,simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed algorithm.     

双平行线阵中基于Euler变换传播算子的二维DOA估计算法

考虑双平行线阵中非圆信号二维波达方向 (Direction of arrival,DOA) 估计问题,提出了一种基于Euler变换传播算子（Propagator method,PM）的二维DOA 估计算法。该算法利用非圆信号的特性,扩展了接收数据矩阵,使得角度估计性能优于二维PM算法。同时采用Euler变换把非圆PM算法中的复数运算转换为实数运算,降低计算复杂度,角度估计性能逼近非圆PM算法。该算法可以实现二维角度的自动配对,与传统PM算法相比,可同时估计出更多的信源。该算法的优越性均可在文中得到验证。     

Computationally Efficient MUSIC-Based Algorithm for Joint Direction of Arrival (DOA) and Doppler Frequency Estimation in Monostatic MIMO Radar

The problem of joint direction of arrival (DOA) and Doppler frequency estimation in monostatic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar is studied and a computationally efficient multiple signal classification (CE-MUSIC) algorithm is proposed.Conventional MUSIC algorithm for joint DOA and Doppler frequency estimation requires a large computational cost due to the two dimensional (2D) spectral peak searching.Aiming at this shortcoming,the proposed CE-MUSIC algorithm firstly uses a reduced-dimension transformation to reduce the subspace dimension and then obtains the estimates of DOA and Doppler frequency with only one-dimensional (1D) search.The proposed CE-MUSIC algorithm has much lower computational complexity and very close estimation performance when compared to conventional 2D-MUSIC algorithm.Furthermore,it outperforms estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT) algorithm.Meanwhile,the mean squared error (MSE) and Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) of joint DOA and Doppler frequency estimation are derived.Detailed simulation results illustrate the validity and improvement of the proposed algorithm.     

A Generalized Propagator Algorithm for Localization of Non-circular Sources Using Arbitrary Array Geometry

A propagator-based algorithm for direction of arrival(DOA)estimation of noncoherent one-dimensional(1-D) non-circular sources is presented such as binary phase shift keying(BPSK) and amplitude modulation(AM). The algorithm achieves DOA estimation through searching a 1-D spectrum,which is newly formed on the basis of the rank reduction criterion,and works well without knowledge of the non-circular phases. And then,a searchfree implementation of the algorithm is also developed by using the polynomial rooting technique. According to the noncircular property,the algorithm can virtually enlarge the array aperture,thus significantly improving its estimation accuracy and enabling it to handle more sources than the number of sensors. Moreover,the algorithm requires no rotational invariance,so it can be applied to arbitrary array geometry and dispense with the high-complexity procedure of the eigen-decomposition of the correlation sample matrix. Finally,numerical simulations verify the performance and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

Computationally Efficient Direction of Arrival Estimation for Improved Nested Linear Array

Nested linear array enables to enhance localization resolution and achieve under-determined direction of arrival(DOA)estimation. In this paper,the traditional two-level nested linear array is improved to achieve more degrees of freedom(DOFs)and better angle estimation performance. Furthermore,a computationally efficient DOA estimation algorithm is proposed. The discrete Fourier transform(DFT)method is utilized to obtain coarse DOA estimates,and subsequently,fine DOA estimates are achieved by spatial smoothing multiple signals classification(SS-MUSIC)algorithm. Compared to SS-MUSIC algorithm,the proposed algorithm has the same estimation accuracy with lower computational complexity because the coarse DOA estimates enable to shrink the range of angle spectral search. In addition,the estimation of the number of signals is not required in advance by DFT method. Extensive simulation results testify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

虚拟阵列测向性能分析

针对相干信号源测向以及模糊的实际问题,提出一种基于任意形状平面阵列的测向方法。经计算机仿真,证明该方法的有效性。     

互耦补偿的神经网络算法用于均匀圆阵波达方向估计

径向基函数神经网络方法在阵列信号处理中得到广泛应用。但是，阵列天线单元间耦合对基函数中心的影响会降低波达方向估计的精度，因此有必要对神经网络的输入数据进行互耦补偿，以生成正确的基函数中心。本文首先利用矩量法计算天线阵的广义阻抗矩阵，再使用直接数据域算法对神经网络的训练数据进行互耦补偿，神经网络训练完成后，神经网络用于实现波达方向估计。仿真结果表明，神经网络算法和直接数据域算法结合具有补偿效果好，计算量小的特点。     

声矢量传感器阵中基于Kalman滤波和OPASTd的DOA跟踪算法

研究了声矢量传感器阵动目标角度跟踪问题,并提出了声矢量传感器阵中 一种基于Kalman滤波和正交压缩近似投影子空间跟踪(Orthonormal projection approximation and subspace tracking of deflation, OPASTd)的波达方向(Direction of arrival,DOA)跟踪算法。该算法通过OPASTd算法来进行DOA的跟踪,从而克服了PASTd算法由于在某些情况下振荡但不收敛进而压缩数据、在迭代更新中由特征向量的不准确性产生误差累积等原因引起破坏信号子空间正交性的缺陷。Kalman滤波和OPASTd相结合算法可在估计角度的同时进行数据关联,与传统的PASTd算法相比,角度跟踪性能更好。该算法的优越性均可在文中得到验证。     

A Status Graph Based Control Allocation Algorithm of Digital Micro-Thruster Array for Micro/Nano-Satellites Orbit Control Application

Digital micro-thruster arrays can be used for special missions of micro/nano-satellites with the requirements of high precision and small impulse. This paper presents a novel control allocation algorithm for the digital micro-thruster array,namely status graph based control allocation(SGBCA)algorithm,which aims at finding the optimal micro thrusters combination scheme to realize the sequential control synthesis for micro/nano-satellite during real-time orbit control tasks. A mathematical model is set up for the control allocation of this multivariate over-actuated system.Through dividing thrusters into disjoint segments by offline calculation and combining segments dynamically online to provide a sequence of the required impulse for the micro/nano-satellite,the time complexity of the control allocation algorithm decreases significantly. All levels of impulse can be generated by the digital micro thruster arrays and the service life of the arrays can be extended using the segment converting strategy proposed in this paper. The simulation indicates that the algorithm can satisfy the requirements of real-time orbit control for micro/nano-satellites.     

大时延扩展CDMA信道下空时多用户检测

提出了基于平行因子分析的大时延扩展CDMA信道下空时多用户检测算法.文中建立了大时延扩展CD-MA信道下接收信号新模型,它将接收信号看成是2个三线性模型之和,并提出了广义三线性交替最小二乘的算法(TALS-G)进行空时多用户检测.仿真结果说明:TALS-G算法具有较好误码率性能,且该方法在阵列扰动情况下仍有较好的性能.它无需信道衰落系数和DOA信息,是盲信号检测方法,具有鲁棒性.     

极化敏感均匀圆阵中PARAFAC信号检测算法

分析了极化敏感均匀圆阵接收到的信号，该信号具有三线性模型特征。提出了极化敏感均匀圆阵中平行因子信号检测算法。该算法利用三线性交替最小二乘（TALS）算法估计出信源矩阵，然后对其进行判决。仿真结果表明；该算法误码率性能接近于非盲解相关方法;与非盲解相关方法相比，在较高的SNR情况下误码率相差不到2dB；且在阵列扰动情况下仍具有较好的误码率性能。该算法无需空域信息和极化信息，是一种盲鲁棒方法。     

ESPRIT算法在单快拍阵列信号中的应用

ESPRIT算法利用旋转不变技术估计信号参数,是近年来提出的阵列信号处理理论的一个新领域,它具有高分辨率、高精度、不需空间搜索等优点。单快拍总被当作相干信号处理,本文采用了Teoplitz结构协方差矩阵估计,起了空间平滑作用,所以可以估计相于信号源的波达方向(DOA),与标准空间平滑协方差矩阵估计相比较,Teoplitz协方差阵估计在总体上提高了信噪比,并且不牺牲阵列孔径。 计算机模拟结果表明,基于Teoplitz结构协方差矩阵的TLS-ESPRIT算法在20dB信噪比下,可以分辨出相隔0.2瑞利波束宽度的空间信号。     

自适应阵列天线中应用Kalman补偿算法的探讨

为了补偿在自适应阵列天线中应用Kalman算法时,由于模型误差和计算误差所引起的自适应阵列天线性能的损失,本文引入Kalman补偿算法,即自适应Kalman渐消记忆滤波算法及自适应Kalman参量识别滤波算法,获得了有益的结果。最后在上述两种算法的基础上,导出了一种新的算法,该算法具有上述两种算法的优点。     

线性方程组的并行算法及在Transputer系统上的实现

在“一种有效的多Transputer系统的并行算法——ABC法”一文的基础上,本文进一步研究将ABC法用于变带宽矩阵线性方程组的求解问题,对线性方程组的系数矩阵采用了逐行一维存储方式,提出了相应的并行Gauss消元法,给出了该算法的效率.分析结果表明,带宽越大方程阶数越高,这种算法的效率就越高。因此本算法适用于高阶的大带宽线性方程组的求解问题. 根据本文的算法,编制了线性方程组的并行求解程序,并分别在一个、二个和四个T414系统上做了若干算例,结果表明本文分析的结论是正确的。     

一种应用于水流的纹影特性光流测速算法

本论文基于光流优化算法，发展了一种适用于水流的纹影特性光流测速算法。在存在密度梯度的条件下，纹影图像的亮度反映了流场折射率的一阶导数，结合纹影亮度方程和流体连续性方程推导了适用于水的物理约束条件，采用二阶散度–旋度正则化作为空间平滑约束条件，基于两个约束条件构建了能量方程，通过变分法对能量方程进行最小化求解获得速度场。以热羽流为例，使用该算法对浮力羽流纹影图像进行了计算，并与互相关算法和传统光流算法的结果进行了比较。结果显示:本研究提出的算法能更好地体现流动特性，得到更高的空间分辨率。该方法基于纹影图像，无需在流场中添加示踪粒子，对流场无干扰，具有结构简单、使用方便等优点。     

多约束实数权的直接数据域算法在空时自适应处理中的应用

传统的空时自适应处理算法通过权矢量幅度和相位的改变来实现,本文研究了空时自适应处理中一种改进的直接数据域(Directdata domain,DDD)算法。该方法仅通过权矢量幅度的改变,对一次样本数据进行处理,有效地抑制杂波和干扰,实现对目标信号的正确估计。采用实数权减小了运算量,降低系统的复杂程度。当目标信号的方向与天线波束指向有偏差时,采用多约束的方法,保证系统在目标信号方向的增益。仿真结果表明该方法的有效性。     

基于线性参数变化自适应观测器的鲁棒故障诊断

基于线性参数变化自适应观测器,研究了一类具有外部扰动的不确定线性参数变化系统的鲁棒故障诊断问题。针对飞控系统具有非线性和时变的特点,运用了线性参数变化技术,提出一种基于线性参数变化自适应观测器的自适应故障估计算法来估计故障信息。为降低外部扰动对故障估计的影响,引入了H∞鲁棒性能指标来设计线性参数变化自适应观测器以及故障估计算法。结果表明,该方法具有良好的故障估计性能,且对外部扰动具鲁棒性。设计过程中,将参数的求解转化为线性矩阵不等式（LMIs）约束下的凸优化问题。最后,将该方法应用于直升机线性参数变化飞控系统执行器故障诊断,仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性。     

动态系统元器件失效率的矩独立重要性测度分析

针对不确定性元器件失效率对动态系统失效概率影响程度的度量问题,研究了动态系统元器件失效率的重要性分析方法。分析了不确定性情况下动态系统失效概率的特点;依据Borgonovo的矩独立灵敏度分析思想,提出了两种新的矩独立不确定性重要性测度,给出了基于蒙特卡罗数值仿真的一般求解方法,分别用来分析系统工作时间给定和在区间变化两种情况下元器件失效率不确定对系统失效概率分布函数的贡献程度;建立了重要性测度的高效算法,通过稀疏网格积分技术将多元函数的积分问题转化成一元函数积分的张量积组合,通过Edgeworth级数方法将响应量分布函数的求解问题转化为基于其前四阶矩的失效概率估计,从而有效降低了功能函数的调用次数,提高了重要性测度的求解效率。最后,通过两个算例验证了所提方法的合理性和算法的高效性。     

噪声与共振环境下的数字助听器鲁棒声源定位法

提出了一种噪声与共振环境下的数字助听器鲁棒声源定位方法,该方法基于房间共振模型和多通道自适应特征值分解算法,利用自适应次梯度投影方法迭代地估计声源至各麦克风的脉冲响应系数,从而获得各麦克风对的时延差,并利用几何方法计算声源位置。针对眼镜数字助听器四元麦克风方阵的仿真表明,所提出的自适应次梯度投影方法在强噪声环境中的鲁棒性和定位精度优于传统NLMS算法。     

基于失真度评估的时变聚焦多波束形成算法

为 了在保证声呐成像质量的 前提下，缓解近场聚焦精度与计算复杂度之间的矛盾，文中提出了一种基于失真度评估的时 变聚焦多波束形成算法。首先，建立近场时变聚焦模型，将聚焦点的时间结构和半圆形阵列 的空间结构联系起来，获得了各个聚焦点精确的延时信息；其次，在兼顾波束方向图的各项 性能指标的基础上，利用二阶锥规划（Second-order cone programming, SOCP）方法设计 了各个聚焦点的最优权值；最后，构建散焦波束失真度的评估模型，并在失真度阈值的约束 下，合理地选择了几个必要的聚焦面。仿真和测试结果表明，该算法减轻了硬件计算和存储 的压力，提高了工程的可实现性，而且对复杂多变的探测场景取得了很好的成像效果。