宽带信号的数字测向算法研究

数字测向是电子侦察领域的一项重要内容。本文介绍了多基线测向算法,时其解模糊原理及范围作了深入分析,并给出了常见宽带信号的数字鉴相算法。该算法时这些宽带信号采用非线性变换,将其变为常规信号后进行处理,估计出该宽带信号的方向。本算法在较低信噪比条件下仍有较高精度。     

双波束天线阵时空调制OFDM通信测向方法

为解决利用通信信号的测向和通信定位综合设计问题,提出了一种载有方向信息的OFDM时空调制技术。该技术采用两副同中心但方向图有偏差的特殊天线阵列发射,使单天线接收机接收的信号是OFDM特性,每个OFDM子载波调制信号载有空间方位信息和数字通信信息,接收机通过解调信号即可通信测向。文中详细介绍了非正交四相和非均匀八相子载波时空调制信号设计思想,阐述了子载波间伪随机码空间调制编码方法,给出了数据信息调解和方位角估计算法。计算机仿真结果表明:在高斯信道下系统的误码性能与普通PSK-OFDM一样,实现了在调制信号设计层面上的数字通信与测向的深度综合。     

基于人工拉格朗日点太阳帆的导航卫星自主定轨技术

为提高导航星座的自主导航能力,提出一种基于人工拉格朗日点太阳帆的导航卫星自主定轨方法。在导航卫星星间测距的基础上,利用太阳帆提供的空间实时位置信息,来消除导航星座的整体旋转和漂移对自主定轨的影响。选用第一类无奇点根数作为状态变量,利用EKF滤波器融合卫星动力学信息及两类测距信息进行自主定轨。利用GPS导航星座的IGS精密星历进行了仿真试验,仿真结果表明了该方法不仅能够保证导航卫星自主定轨的长期稳定性,且与结合星间测距和星间测向的自主定轨方法相比,定轨精度更高。     

惯性组合导航系统的融合技术研究

针对惯性组合系统中的多子导航系统，研究了“测量融合”的技术，文中讨论了测量融合的设计思想的方案，以惯性，全球卫星定位系统，无线电测距测向系统，地形辅助导航系统组合导航系统为例，研究了组合导航系统的融合算法，并进行了蒙特·卡洛法仿真计算，结果表明，系统的设计是合理的，为惯性组合导航系统提出了有实用价值的一种融合算法。     

互质阵中空间谱估计研究进展

阵列信号处理技术是信号处理领域一个重要分支,广泛应用于雷达、声呐、水电天文等领域。空间谱估计是阵列信号处理中一个主要研究热点,为了避免角度模糊,要求阵元间距要小于等于载波波长的一半。互质阵突破半波长的限制,其阵元间距一般大于半波长。因此,互质阵能够在阵元数固定的情况下,获得更大的阵列孔径。互质阵空间谱估计算法可以利用互质特性辨识目标源,且能够获得更高的测向精度与分辨率。互质阵空间谱估计研究逐渐成为当今阵列信号处理领域的热点。本文总结了互质线阵与互质面阵下的空间谱估计的研究进展,分析了互质阵列相对于普通均匀阵列在阵列孔径扩展以及提高空间自由方面的优势。仿真结果展现了互质阵下高效的波达方向估计性能。     

基线比值法相位解模糊算法

研究了由N-1个等比值双基线系统组成的N基线测向系统的相位解模糊算法。对每个双基线系统（Pnλ0/2,Pn＋1λ0/2）在（-p/2,p/2）,（-q/2,q/2）范围内进行一维整数搜索,寻找出一组相位模糊解（k0n,l0n）,根据二元一次不定方程,得到该双基线系统的模糊解,解的组数为Pn,Pn＋1的最大公约数（Greatest common divisor,GCD）,然后寻找由（P1λ0/2,P2λ0/2,P3λ0/3）构成的三基线系统的相位模糊解,解的组数为P1,P2和P3的最大公约数。以此类推,可得N基线系统的相位模糊解,如P1,P2,…,PN的最大公约数为1,那么就可得到惟一解,实现相位无模糊。该算法的计算量小,便于工程实现,仿真结果表明了算法的有效性。     

一种新的非结构动网格的生成方法

弹簧方法是一种常被采用的非结构动网格生成方法,文中采用一种新的非结构动网格生成方法即弹性体方法(Elastic solid method,ESM)。和弹簧方法相比,虽然弹性体方法的计算量大,但是可以处理大位移的情况,尤其善于处理网格扭转很厉害的情况。另外,采用弹性体方法可以减小网格重新生成的频率,从而可以减小映射误差,同时也可以减小网格重新生成带来的计算量。将两种方法的数值模拟结果进行对比,进一步表明该弹性体方法在处理动网格问题中的优势。     

基于带限随机信号相位谱的分数延时估计方法

传统延时估计方法的精度受采样间隔的限制。为提高精度,提出一种新的适用于宽带信号的分数延时估计方法。该方法将周期图法与抛物线插值应用于带限随机信号的互相关谱,可以获得连续的延时估计。文中通过一系列仿真实验对该方法与其他分数延时估计方法的性能进行比较。结果表明,该方法的性能优于其他估计方法,在信噪比较高的情况下,可以接近克拉美罗下界。由于发射信号具有宽带和随机的特点,该方法适用于低截获概率雷达。     

基于统计局部方法的模型适配检测与分离

提出一种新的过程模型失配检测方法,通过模型预测误差与外部激励信号的相关性分析获取初始残差函数,并利用统计局部方法分析残差函数。该方法可以分离扰动和过程模型的失配。相对于直接相关性分析方法,该方法能够通过单一的统计量指示过程模型是否失配,具有简单直观的特点,而且可以通过滑动窗口的办法,便于在线检测,同时,该方法能够提高检测灵敏度。仿真研究证实了该方法的有效性。     

基于多点优化法进行可靠性数据折算

为了将非成败型试验数据折算为成败型数据,在分析现有方法局限性的基础上提出多点优化法。该方法于原始置信分布上选取多个折算控制点,并取这些位置点上的误差平方和作为目标函数,进而利用优化算法求解获得折算后的成败型数据和置信分布。该方法没有现有方法的局限性,是一种普遍适用的折算方法。算例表明,该方法较其他现有方法,如二阶矩法,点估计下限法,两点法以及近似优化两点法等,在应用范围、折算精度和计算量方面具有明显的优势,是一种简单而行之有效的折算方法。     

A Generalized Propagator Algorithm for Localization of Non-circular Sources Using Arbitrary Array Geometry

A propagator-based algorithm for direction of arrival(DOA)estimation of noncoherent one-dimensional(1-D) non-circular sources is presented such as binary phase shift keying(BPSK) and amplitude modulation(AM). The algorithm achieves DOA estimation through searching a 1-D spectrum,which is newly formed on the basis of the rank reduction criterion,and works well without knowledge of the non-circular phases. And then,a searchfree implementation of the algorithm is also developed by using the polynomial rooting technique. According to the noncircular property,the algorithm can virtually enlarge the array aperture,thus significantly improving its estimation accuracy and enabling it to handle more sources than the number of sensors. Moreover,the algorithm requires no rotational invariance,so it can be applied to arbitrary array geometry and dispense with the high-complexity procedure of the eigen-decomposition of the correlation sample matrix. Finally,numerical simulations verify the performance and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

Computationally Efficient Direction of Arrival Estimation for Improved Nested Linear Array

Nested linear array enables to enhance localization resolution and achieve under-determined direction of arrival(DOA)estimation. In this paper,the traditional two-level nested linear array is improved to achieve more degrees of freedom(DOFs)and better angle estimation performance. Furthermore,a computationally efficient DOA estimation algorithm is proposed. The discrete Fourier transform(DFT)method is utilized to obtain coarse DOA estimates,and subsequently,fine DOA estimates are achieved by spatial smoothing multiple signals classification(SS-MUSIC)algorithm. Compared to SS-MUSIC algorithm,the proposed algorithm has the same estimation accuracy with lower computational complexity because the coarse DOA estimates enable to shrink the range of angle spectral search. In addition,the estimation of the number of signals is not required in advance by DFT method. Extensive simulation results testify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

Low-Complexity DOA Estimation of Noncircular Signals for Coprime Sensor Arrays

This paper presents a low-complexity method for the direction-of-arrival(DOA)estimation of noncircular signals for coprime sensor arrays. The noncircular property is exploited to improve the performance of DOA estimation. To reduce the computational complexity,the rotational invariance propagator method(RIPM)is included in the algorithm. First,the extended array output is reconstructed by combining the array output and its conjugated counterpart. Then,the RIPM is utilized to obtain two sets of DOA estimates for two subarrays. Finally,the true DOAs are estimated by combining the consistent results of the two subarrays. This illustrates the potential gain that both noncircularity and coprime arrays provide when considered together. The proposed algorithm has a lower computational complexity and a better DOA estimation performance than the standard estimation of signal parameters by the rotational invariance technique and Capon algorithm. Numerical simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm.     

A Real-Valued 2D DOA Estimation Algorithm of Noncircular Signal via Euler Transformation and Rotational Invariance Property

The problem of two-dimensional(2 D)direction of arrival(DOA)estimation for double parallel uniform linear arrays is investigated in this paper.A real-valued DOA estimation algorithm of noncircular(NC)signal is proposed,which combines the Euler transformation and rotational invariance(RI)property between subarrays.In this work,the effective array aperture is doubled by exploiting the noncircularity of signals.The complex arithmetic is converted to real arithmetic via Euler transformation.The main contribution of this work is not only extending the NC-Euler-ESPRIT algorithm from uniform linear array to double parallel uniform linear arrays,but also constructing a new 2 Drotational invariance property between subarrays,which is more complex than that in NCEuler-ESPRIT algorithm.The proposed 2 DNC-Euler-RI algorithm has much lower computational complexity than2 DNC-ESPRIT algorithm.The proposed algorithm has better angle estimation performance than 2 DESPRIT algorithm and 2 D NC-PM algorithm for double parallel uniform linear arrays,and is very close to that of 2 D NC-ESPRIT algorithm.The elevation angles and azimuth angles can be obtained with automatically pairing.The proposed algorithm can estimate up to 2(M-1)sources,which is two times that of 2 D ESPRIT algorithm.Cramer-Rao bound(CRB)of noncircular signal is derived for the proposed algorithm.Computational complexity comparison is also analyzed.Finally,simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed algorithm.     

双平行线阵中基于Euler变换传播算子的二维DOA估计算法

考虑双平行线阵中非圆信号二维波达方向 (Direction of arrival,DOA) 估计问题,提出了一种基于Euler变换传播算子（Propagator method,PM）的二维DOA 估计算法。该算法利用非圆信号的特性,扩展了接收数据矩阵,使得角度估计性能优于二维PM算法。同时采用Euler变换把非圆PM算法中的复数运算转换为实数运算,降低计算复杂度,角度估计性能逼近非圆PM算法。该算法可以实现二维角度的自动配对,与传统PM算法相比,可同时估计出更多的信源。该算法的优越性均可在文中得到验证。     

互耦补偿的神经网络算法用于均匀圆阵波达方向估计

径向基函数神经网络方法在阵列信号处理中得到广泛应用。但是，阵列天线单元间耦合对基函数中心的影响会降低波达方向估计的精度，因此有必要对神经网络的输入数据进行互耦补偿，以生成正确的基函数中心。本文首先利用矩量法计算天线阵的广义阻抗矩阵，再使用直接数据域算法对神经网络的训练数据进行互耦补偿，神经网络训练完成后，神经网络用于实现波达方向估计。仿真结果表明，神经网络算法和直接数据域算法结合具有补偿效果好，计算量小的特点。     

Computationally Efficient MUSIC-Based Algorithm for Joint Direction of Arrival (DOA) and Doppler Frequency Estimation in Monostatic MIMO Radar

The problem of joint direction of arrival (DOA) and Doppler frequency estimation in monostatic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar is studied and a computationally efficient multiple signal classification (CE-MUSIC) algorithm is proposed.Conventional MUSIC algorithm for joint DOA and Doppler frequency estimation requires a large computational cost due to the two dimensional (2D) spectral peak searching.Aiming at this shortcoming,the proposed CE-MUSIC algorithm firstly uses a reduced-dimension transformation to reduce the subspace dimension and then obtains the estimates of DOA and Doppler frequency with only one-dimensional (1D) search.The proposed CE-MUSIC algorithm has much lower computational complexity and very close estimation performance when compared to conventional 2D-MUSIC algorithm.Furthermore,it outperforms estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT) algorithm.Meanwhile,the mean squared error (MSE) and Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) of joint DOA and Doppler frequency estimation are derived.Detailed simulation results illustrate the validity and improvement of the proposed algorithm.     

声矢量传感器阵中基于Kalman滤波和OPASTd的DOA跟踪算法

研究了声矢量传感器阵动目标角度跟踪问题,并提出了声矢量传感器阵中 一种基于Kalman滤波和正交压缩近似投影子空间跟踪(Orthonormal projection approximation and subspace tracking of deflation, OPASTd)的波达方向(Direction of arrival,DOA)跟踪算法。该算法通过OPASTd算法来进行DOA的跟踪,从而克服了PASTd算法由于在某些情况下振荡但不收敛进而压缩数据、在迭代更新中由特征向量的不准确性产生误差累积等原因引起破坏信号子空间正交性的缺陷。Kalman滤波和OPASTd相结合算法可在估计角度的同时进行数据关联,与传统的PASTd算法相比,角度跟踪性能更好。该算法的优越性均可在文中得到验证。     

ESPRIT算法在单快拍阵列信号中的应用

ESPRIT算法利用旋转不变技术估计信号参数,是近年来提出的阵列信号处理理论的一个新领域,它具有高分辨率、高精度、不需空间搜索等优点。单快拍总被当作相干信号处理,本文采用了Teoplitz结构协方差矩阵估计,起了空间平滑作用,所以可以估计相于信号源的波达方向(DOA),与标准空间平滑协方差矩阵估计相比较,Teoplitz协方差阵估计在总体上提高了信噪比,并且不牺牲阵列孔径。 计算机模拟结果表明,基于Teoplitz结构协方差矩阵的TLS-ESPRIT算法在20dB信噪比下,可以分辨出相隔0.2瑞利波束宽度的空间信号。     

极化敏感均匀圆阵中PARAFAC信号检测算法

分析了极化敏感均匀圆阵接收到的信号，该信号具有三线性模型特征。提出了极化敏感均匀圆阵中平行因子信号检测算法。该算法利用三线性交替最小二乘（TALS）算法估计出信源矩阵，然后对其进行判决。仿真结果表明；该算法误码率性能接近于非盲解相关方法;与非盲解相关方法相比，在较高的SNR情况下误码率相差不到2dB；且在阵列扰动情况下仍具有较好的误码率性能。该算法无需空域信息和极化信息，是一种盲鲁棒方法。