西南空管局举办RNP新技术培训

7月16日，西南空管局在空管处和培训中心的组织下，举办了西南地区RNP新技术培训。西藏区局，昆明、贵阳、重庆空管中心（站）以及局本部管制和情报相关专业人员共计200余人参加了此次拧训。培训在西南空管局第一办公区视频会议室举行，采用了西南空管局远程视频传送方式进行。国航西南公司RNP飞行程序专家就RNP相关内容及西南地区运用情况进行了介绍。     

杜绝思想麻痹大意 确保RVSM运行安全——总局空管局局长苏兰根视察西南空管局工作

11月30日，总局空管局局长苏兰根一行前往西南空管局视察工作，听取了西南空管局RVSM正式运行一周的情况汇报，并走访了管制中心进近管制室等一线单位。     

系统规划 缜密部署 平稳过渡 上海区域管制中心运行过渡概貌

在民航总局、总局空管局和华东地区管理局的领导和关心下,民航华东空管局从2004年4月开始正式启动运行过渡工作。根据上海区域管制中心建设的总体目标,结合华东地区空管运行的实际情况,华东空管局对上海区域管制中心的运行过渡进行了系统规划,制定了《上海区域管制中心运行过渡     

总局王昌顺副局长检查北京ACC实施RVSM运行情况

11月23日，民航总局王昌顺副局长在总局空管局苏兰根局长、民航总局办公厅刘彦斌主任、华北空管局冯建业局长等领导陪同下检查了实施RVSM后北京ACC运行情况，了解存在的问题。     

总局空管局王利亚副局长检查华东空管局RVSM运行情况

11月22日至12月20日是缩小垂直间隔运行初期阶段，11月27日上午，总局空管局王利亚副局长在华东空管局常务副局长、上海区域管制中心主任王中东等领导陪同下，在区域管制大厅现场检查RVSM运行情况，并听取了管制运行部副主任关于RVSM运行一周来的总体情况汇报。     

总局空管局召开空管安全工作专题电视电话会议

针对空管系统近期出现的几起不安全事件,9月21日,总局空管局召开了空管安全工作专题电视电话会议。总局空管局苏兰根局长、张立志常务副局长、李宗冀副局长及总局空管局机关全体同志,地区空管     

民航空管工程建设管理工作会议在汕头召开

为加强民航空管工程建设管理工作，规范空管工程建设计划与组织运作，严格建设实施行为，使空管工程建设更加科学化、系统化、规范化，总局空管局于5月24-25日在汕头召开了空管工程建设管理工作会议。总局空管局领导、各地区空管局局长、分管副局长都参加了会议，体现了总局和地区空管局对空管工程建设的重视。     

总局空管局完成了郑州导航设备巡检工作

2005年1月14日，郑州空管中心配合总局空管局导航设备巡检小组完成了郑州导航设备的巡检工作。技术保障部针对导航设备状况、人员情况、设备环境、校飞情况进行了汇报，同时，总局空管局导航设备巡检小组检查了郑州空管中心设备的运行情况．提出了一些切实可行的意见，并针对人员、设备的管理作出了具体的指导。     

华东空管局编写完成《空中交通管制服务运行手册》

华东空管局经过八个月的策划、编写，于2006年10月，顺利完成了《空中交通管制服务运行手册》，并于近日通过了总局空管局专家评审组的评审，走出全国空管系统的第一步。     

了解需求 促进协调 实现“安全、容量、服务、效率”目标——民航空管保障服务工作座谈会召开

1月25日,民航空管保障服务工作座谈会在北京召开,总局空管局局长苏兰根、副局长王利亚、李宗冀和总局空管局机关各部门负     

Summary of medical investigations in the U.S.S.R. manned space missions.

The results of biomedical investigations carried out in the U.S.S.R. manned space missions are discussed. Their basic result is well-documented evidence that man can perform space flights of long duration. The investigations have demonstrated no direct correlation between inflight or postflight physiological reactions of crewmembers and flight duration. In all likelihood, this can be attributed to the fact that special exercises done inflight efficiently prevented adverse effects of weightlessness. However, human reactions to weightlessness need further study. They include negative calcium balance and anemia as well as vestibulo-autonomic disorders shown by crewmembers at early stages of weightlessness. Attention should be given to psychological, social-psychological and ethical problems that may also limit further increase in flight duration.     

ADS-B在美国

美国是“广播式自动相关监视”(ADS-B)技术研究和应用的先行者之一。继1991年,瑞典首次成功利用飞行座舱显示器(CDTI)演示ADS-B功能之后,美国从1992年就开始在芝加哥的O’Hare机场开展ADS-B技术的早期应用研究。进入21世纪,美国首先在阿拉斯加地区通用航空飞机上推广应用ADS-B技术。2002年,美国联邦航空局FAA终于出台了ADS-B数据链发展政策以及支持ADS-B技术发展的规划蓝图。一、美国的AD S-B技术发展规划(一)近期规划:(2002年—2006年)(1)定义ADS-B最初发展阶段的国内技术系统底层结构;(2)允许“袖珍型”(不具备上行广播…     

U.S. biological experiments in space.

Past U.S. space biological experiments in space, using non-human specimens, are discussed and evaluated. Current plans for future experimentation in this field are also given.     

U.S. prebreathe protocol

This paper identifies and describes the prebreathe protocol currently used by the U.S. Space Shuttle Program to provide astronauts the capability to safely perform extravehicular activity. A comparison of planned vs actual prebreathe experience through the STS-37 Mission is also provided.     

Aquatic modules for bioregenerative life support systems based on the C.E.B.A.S. biotechnology

Most concepts for bioregenerative life support systems are based on edible higher land plants which create some problems with growth and seed generation under space conditions. Animal protein production is mostly neglected because of the tremendous waste management problems with tetrapods under reduced weightlessness. Therefore, the “Closed Equilibrated Biological Aquatic System” (C.E.B.A.S.) was developed which represents an artificial aquatic ecosystem containing aquatic organisms which are adpated at all to “near weightlessness conditions” (fishes Xiphophorus helleri, water snails Biomphalaria glabrata, ammonia oxidizing bacteria and the rootless non-gravitropic edible water plant Ceratophyllum demersum). Basically the C.E.B.A.S. consists of 4 subsystems: a ZOOLOGICASL COMPONENT (animal aquarium), a BOTANICAL COMPONENT (aquatic plant bioreactor), a MICROBIAL COMPONENT (bacteria filter) and an ELECTRONICAL COMPONENT (data acquisition and control unit). Superficially, the function principle appears simple: the plants convert light energy into chemical energy via photosynthesis thus producing biomass and oxygen. The animals and microorganisms use the oxygen for respiration and produce the carbon dioxide which is essential for plant photosynthesis. The ammonia ions excreted by the animals are converted by the bacteria to nitrite and then to nitrate ions which serve as a nitrogen source for the plants. Other essential ions derive from biological degradation of animal waste products and dead organic matter. The C.E.B.A.S. exists in 2 basic versions: the original C.E.B.A.S. with a volume of 150 liters and a self-sustaining standing time of more than 13 month and the so-called C.E.B.A.S. MINI MODULE with a volume of about 8.5 liters. In the latter there is no closed food loop by reasons of available space so that animal food has to be provided via an automated feeder. This device was flown already successfully on the STS-89 and STS-90 spaceshuttle missions and the working hypothesis was verified that aquatic organisms are nearly not affected at all by space conditions, i . e. that the plants exhibited biomass production rates identical to the ground controls and that as well the reproductive, and the immune system as the the embryonic and ontogenic development of the animals remained undisturbed. Currently the C.E.B.A.S. MINI MODLULE is prepared for a third spaceshuttle fligt (STS-107) in spring 2001. Based on the results of the space experiments a series of prototypes of aquatic food production modules for the implementation into BLSS were developed. This paper describes the scientific disposition of the STS-107 experiments and of open and closed aquaculture systems based on another aquatic plant species, the Lemnacean Wolffia arrhiza which is cultured as a vegetable in Southeastern Asia. This plant can be grown in suspension culture and several special bioreactors were developed for this purpose. W. arrhiza reproduces mainly vegetatively by buds but also sexually from time to time and is therefore especially suitable for genetic engineering, too. Therefore it was used, in addition, to optimize the C.E.B.A.S. MINI MODULE to allow experiments with a duration of 4 month in the International Space Station the basic principle of which will be explained. In the context of aquaculture systems for BLSS the continuous replacement of removed fish biomass is an essential demand. Although fish reproduction seems not to be affected in the short-term space experiments with the C.E.B.A.S. MIMI MODULE a functional and reliable hatchery for the production of siblings under reduced weightlessness is connected with some serious problems. Therefore an automated “reproduction module” for the herbivorous fish Tilapia rendalli was developed as a laboratory prototype. It is concluded that aquatic modules of different degrees of complexity can optimize the productivity of BLSS based on higher land plants and that they offer an unique opportunity for the production of animal protein in lunar or planetary bases.     

DR.Q.SCIENCE QUEST

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A 6 D.O.F. opto-inertial tracker for virtual reality experiments in microgravity.

Gravity plays a role in many different levels of human motor behavior. It dictates the laws of motion of our body and limbs, as well as of the objects in the external world with which we wish to interact. The dynamic interaction of our body with the world is molded within gravity's constraints. The role played by gravity in the perception of visual stimuli and the elaboration of human movement is an active research theme in the field of Neurophysiology. Conditions of microgravity, coupled with techniques from the world of virtual reality, provide a unique opportunity to address these questions concerning the function of the human sensorimotor system. The ability to measure movements of the head and to update in real time the visual scene presented to the subject based on these measurements is a key element in producing a realistic virtual environment. A variety of head-tracking hardware exists on the market today, but none seem particularly well suited to the constraints of working with a space station environment. Nor can any of the existing commercial systems meet the more stringent requirements for physiological experimentation (high accuracy, high resolution, low jitter, low lag) in a wireless configuration. To this end, we have developed and tested a hybrid opto-inertial 6 degree-of-freedom tracker based on existing inertial technology. To confirm that the inertial components and algorithms will function properly, this system was tested in the microgravity conditions of parabolic flight. Here we present the design goals of this tracker, the system configuration and the results of 0g and 1g testing.