太阳帆航天器研究及其关键技术综述

综述了国内外关于太阳帆航天器的研究成果。介绍了太阳帆航天器的构型与材料、姿态控制、轨道控制及任务分析、试验验证及动力学仿真分析等的研究进展,讨论了太阳帆航天器轻质高强度帆体、折叠储存与展开控制、结构设计、姿态控制、地面试验及在轨演示验证,以及测试与诊断等关键技术,分析了未来太阳帆航天器的发展趋势。     

空间站大型机构研究综述

分析了空间站大型机构的基本类型。综述了盘绕式太阳帆版展开机构、周边式对接机构、转位机构,以及大型机械臂的工作原理、性能特点、关键技术、适用范围和典型应用性能。讨论了空间环境机构的共性技术及主要发展趋势,可为我国空间站的建设与发展提供参考。     

充气式天基太阳能电站方案构想

为了解决现有天基太阳能电站面临的技术难度和成本问题,尽早使其实用化,文章提出了一种新型充气式球形天基太阳能电站概念。概述了新型电站的工作原理、系统构成及功能,重点分析了通过采用球形柔性薄膜太阳能电池和空间充气展开结构材料技术,新型电站无须对日定向,能高效折叠存储升空和大大降低发电模块质量。文章还对新型电站总体设计、折叠展开、在轨刚化、高精度姿态控制及大功率电量存储和传输等关键技术进行了简要论述,可为未来天基太阳能电站的技术发展提供参考。     

大型空间可展开天线技术研究

大型空间可展开天线设计是一项极具挑战性的任务,与传统天线设计相比在很多方面都有所不同。文章首先介绍了大型空间可展开天线的结构特点和分类,然后从应用业务、工作频段、发射时间、供应商和天线类型五方面总结了大型空间可展开天线的应用现状,展望了发展趋势。最后讨论了大型空间可展开天线设计的关键技术问题,包括机械、热、电和测试等技术,可供我国大型空间可展开天线的研究参考。     

太阳帆航天器姿态控制技术综述

太阳帆作为一种无工质消耗的新型航天器推进技术,逐渐受到国内外航天界的广泛关注。文章首先综述了太阳帆航天器控制技术的发展现状,重点分析了太阳帆航天器姿态控制技术的特点和难点;其次,按照执行机构的不同,分别介绍了近年来国内外航天领域提出的多种太阳帆航天器姿态控制方案,针对各个方案的优缺点加以分析;最后,对该领域未来的发展前景进行了展望。     

太阳帆技术综述

文章简要阐述了太阳帆的概念、主要结构和技术,参考美国L’Garde公司的太阳帆展开设计,对涉及的充气及刚化予以概述,为研究分析太阳帆的展开技术提供借鉴。     

太阳帆航天器的轨道动力学和轨道控制研究

研究了太阳帆轨道动力学和利用太阳帆推进实现非开普勒轨道的太阳帆控制问题 ,推导了Gauss形式的太阳帆探测器密切轨道六要素微分方程,分析了太阳帆的轨道控制设 计方法,描述了适合太阳帆姿态控制的执行机构。在此理论基础上以SPORT计划作为设计实 例,并进行了设计与仿真,实现了任务要求的目标轨道。     

太阳帆技术综述

文章简要阐述了太阳帆的概念、主要结构和技术，参考美国L’Garde公司的太阳帆展开设计，对涉及的充气及刚化予以概述，为研究分析太阳帆的展开技术提供借鉴。     

大型空间可展开天线反射器研究现状与展望

大型空间可展开天线是卫星载荷重要的组成部分，是新一代航天器的关键产品。回顾了当今国内外大型空间可展开天线发展状况，介绍了多种典型的大型空间可展开天线反射器。总结分析了大型空间可展开天线反射器研制的关键技术。同时，对大型空间可展开天线，尤其是大于50 m的极大型展开天线反射器结构技术的发展进行了展望。     

太阳帆参数对稳定性的影响

太阳帆的轨道和姿态控制是太阳帆研究的重要领域。在同时考虑太阳帆轨道和姿态的情况下,研究了太阳帆在悬浮轨道的被动稳定飞行问题。通过设计帆的面积和支撑有效载荷杆的长度,使太阳帆在轨被动稳定飞行,主要研究了两个参数对太阳帆稳定性的影响。研究结果表明,太阳帆的面积对帆的稳定性影响较大,面积较小时太阳帆总能被动稳定。杆的长度对帆的稳定性影响不大,给定杆的长度,通过设计太阳帆的面积总能使太阳帆被动稳定。     

Ultralight deployable booms for solar sails and other large gossamer structures in space

Future solar sail spacecraft which do not need any rocket motors and propellants are a promising option for long-term exploration missions in the solar system. However, they will require ultralight reflective foils and deployable booms which will allow for the unfolding of huge sails. The achievement of an acceptable ratio of reflective sail area and structural mass, which results in a still small, but significant acceleration under the photon pressure of sunlight, is extremely challenging. The same challenging deployment technique is required for the unfolding of large reflector membranes or antennas (gossamer structures). The key elements are the booms which must be stowable in a very small envelope before they reach their destination in space. Such booms were developed by DLR and have been successfully tested under zero-g-conditions during a parabolic flight campaign in February 2009. It could be convincingly demonstrated that the unfolding process is both controllable and reproducible. The booms consisted of two co-bonded omega-shaped carbonfiber half shells with 0.1 mm wall thickness each and had a weight of only 62 g per meter. Two different deployment technologies were tested, one based upon an inflatable 12 μm thick polymer hose inside the boom, the other one using an electromechanical uncoiling device at the tip of each boom. In the latter case, the uncoiling devices will radially fly away from the spacecraft, such that they become “expendable deployment mechanisms” and their mass does not count any more for the spacecraft mass that needs to be accelerated or actively controlled.     

太阳帆结构分析

太阳帆是人类向太空发射的一种宇宙探测器。本文推导建立了太阳帆结构分析的理论方程组；利用数值计算方法进行了全结构分析；采用罚函数法，确定了满足各种技术条件下的转速及辐条长度之间的可用范围；同时，在引入某些假设的前提下，得出了方程组的近似理论解。它们为太阳帆强度分析、结构形状保持能力提供了论理基础，也为太阳帆的设计提供了依据。本文最后提供了某实际发射的太阳帆结构的分析结果。本文的分析手段可作为大型柔性结构分析的参考     

The Aurora project: A new sail layout

Aurora spacecraft is a scientific probe propelled by a “fast” solar sail whose first goal is to perform a technology assessment mission. The main characteristic of the sail is its low mass, which implies the absence of a plastic backing of the aluminum film and the lightness of the whole structure. In previous structural studies the limiting factor has been shown to be the elastic stability of a number of structural members subject to compressive loads. An alternative structural layout is here suggested: an inflatable beam, which is kept pressurized also after the deployment, relieves all compressive stresses, allowing a very simple configuration and a straightforward deployment procedure. However, as the mission profile requires a trajectory passing close to the Sun, a configuration different from the ‘parachute’ sail proposed in another paper, must be used.     

国内外先进推进技术发展综述

航天运输领域发展的核心目标包括提高运载能力、降低发射成本及减少发射准备时间等。相对于传统的化学推进技术,先进推进技术采用新能源或新机理,旨在从根本上满足未来对有效载荷、发射成本和发射周期的要求。对国内外组合动力装置、核聚变动力推进、离子推进、激光推进、核子脉冲推进、太阳帆推进、磁场帆推进、布萨德喷气推进、反物质推进等先进推进技术的研究进展进行综述和可行性分析,并给出了发展启示。     

Sensitivity studies of the deployment of a square inflatable solar sail with vanes

This paper summarizes the results of numerical experiments to determine the sensitivity of the final attitude of an inflatable solar sail with vanes after deployment to various parameters affecting the deployment process. These parameters are: in- and out-of-plane asymmetries during deployment, length inflation profile, and vane deployment failures. We show how robust the sail deployment is to geometric asymmetries before a 35° off-Sun angle is reached. Differential delays in the time to inflate the booms and a boom sweep-back angle affect the stability favorably. Adjacent vane failures to deploy affect the stability unfavorably, while the failure of opposing vanes is acceptable. Realistic boom length rate profiles obtained during ground tests are used in the simulation showing that failing adjacent vanes in conjunction with initial inflation delays in adjacent booms represent the worst case. We also demonstrate that by feeding back attitude and attitude rate measurements so that a corrective action is taken during the deployment, the final attitude can be maintained very close to the initial attitude, thus mitigating the attitude changes incurred during deployment.     

太阳帆推进技术研究现状及其关键技术分析

详细阐述太阳帆推进技术作为深空探测的技术方面的应用优势、技术特征、工作原理,总结了国外对太阳帆推进技术研究的历史发展和研究现状,并对太阳帆推进的关键技术进行分析,在此基础上,提出了我国发展太阳帆相关推进技术的必要性、发展策略和途径。     

大型构件伸展与锁（压）紧释放技术

介绍了大型构件伸展与锁（压）紧释放机构的国内外发展概况及主要分类形式。从动力源的选择和力（矩）裕度分析、传动副的选择与润滑、间隙非线性关节的建模与分析、改善结构的阻尼特性四个方面论述了伸展机构的关键技术。讨论了支撑与紧固点的选择、压紧点的选择、锁（压）紧与释放形式的选择和实现、锁（压）紧预载设计及加载和测量方法等四项锁紧释放机构的关键技术,展望了伸展与锁紧释放机构的前景。     

空间太阳能电站的关键技术及发展建议

1968年美国的P. Glaser博士最早提出空间太阳能电站（SSPS）概念构想。作为一个巨大的空间系统,空间太阳能电站的技术难度非常大,其真正实现预计还需要几十年的时间。文章通过对国外典型空间太阳能电站概念及其关键技术进行比较分析,在此基础上初步提出空间太阳能电站关键技术体系和发展建议。