平凡的浪漫——神九航天员刘旺妻子王玮专访

航天城里处处可见的彩旗昭示着又一次重大任务的临近。每个人都是一种蓄势待发的姿态。2012年6月11日下午。在中国航天员中心的办公室里，我们见到了王玮。对她的第一印象是朴素、温柔，一袭过肩长发．声音像是和煦的春风拂过。面对我们的采访，她更多的将话题转向了自己的丈夫。对于自己，“感觉都是琐事。没什么可谈的”。     

又见体验营

有时候我觉得自己是世上最幸福的人。虽然还来不及慢慢回味,就坐上返家的火车,但闭上眼睛,过去四天里的每一秒都像一段美妙的音乐,回响在我的脑海。这不是梦。太多的记忆值得慢慢品味,太多的故事值得慢慢讲述。     

向外太空播种生命

如果其他的行星上没有生命,那就送一点儿去那里。地球的第一次星际远征似乎是一场灾难。在漫长的旅途中,绝大多数的乘客都死于辐射病。当太空船最终抵达目的地时,它一头栽在了一个荒凉的行星表面。密封舱开裂,渗入的外星空气又结果了许多剩下的远征队员。     

四爻——六四

六四,括囊,无咎,无誉——扎起口袋而没有灾难,是因为谨言慎行,所以没有灾害。洞穴生活和夜行性哺乳动物在幸运地度过了“撞击冬天”,随即大量繁殖,一支迁居到树上的哺乳类,成为原始的灵长类,形似松鼠。45．5岁（5000万年前）～现在。随着地球气温的逐渐上升,原始灵长类逐渐大型化。大约在4800万年前,出现最早的猿类——假熊猴。它们的嘴脸很长,朝前的双眼能看到立体事物,容貌酷似现在的狐狸,长长的尾巴可缠绕在树上,体重约5千克,与大猫差不多。主要分布在北美。当时的北美与欧洲是相连的,而欧洲与非洲也是相连的。不久后,不知什么原因,地球的气温开始下降,猿类向非洲迁移,身体也变得更大。为了增加生活空间,逐渐到地面生活。出现了黑猩猩。     

读者园地

对本刊读者的温馨提示尊敬的读者朋友:感谢您对我们杂志的喜爱。您的支持是对我们工作的最大肯定与鼓励。我们的杂志从创刊到你手中拿到的这期刊物已经连续出版发行了15期。而我们的部分订户朋友是从总第1期或总第7期开始订阅至总第14、15期,所以烦请您留意一下订阅的杂志是否已到期。如快到期或已到期.希望您能继续订阅本刊,本刊订阅价格保持不变(8元/册,48元/年)。有关的优惠赠送活动请关注本刊第79页的征订广告。     

美丽星空急需远离光污染

或许不少人在童年时都有数星星的经历。在我的童年记忆里，天上的星星多得数不清。但是，现今城市夜空中的星星越来越好数了，因为城市的夜空越来越亮，稍暗一点的星星就看不见了，只能在天空中看见几十颗特别明亮的星星。不仅城市的夜空如此，城市附近的夜空也被污染得越来越明亮了。当一些偏僻的地区成为旅游胜地之后，日渐增多灯光也令当地的夜空越来越单调了。为了让人们意识到保护夜空的重要性，国际夜空保护组织从2010年开始举办“地球和天空”国际摄影大赛。2013年是第四届，最近大赛结果揭晓。评委从参赛的710幅作品中，选出了10幅获奖作品，其中有5幅获奖作品向人们展示了美丽的夜空景象，而另外5幅作品则展示了光污染的严重性。     

论管制员的职业道德

职业道德是道德的特定范畴，是和一定职业相联系的社会意识形态。是从事特定工作的人们共同生活及其行为的准则和规范。职业道德与规章制度不同，它是通过从业人员的自律或通过一定的舆论对其工作生活起约束作用。职业道德具有鲜明的职业特征，不同的职业对于其从业人员的行为规范和价值取向的要求是不尽相同的。救死扶伤是医生的天职，传道授业解惑是对教师的要求，等等。     

家是港湾——翟志刚妻子张淑静访谈

九月二十二日。北京航天城已经戒严,周边多了警戒岗位,俩人一岗,军绿色的头盔显出他们的特别,不容侵犯。一阵微风拂过,气息浩然。张淑静短发、一袭长裙,神清气爽,像极了这天气。漂亮,毋庸置疑。一开口,却又是爽直的招呼一"大家好!"标准的东北腔瞬间在空气中漾起一股子亲切。"温情的丈夫"、"可爱的父亲"、"孝顺的儿子",与丈夫多年的相处,张淑静总结出这三句评价。简洁的语句背后有着更丰沛的故事,在对话中,一幅幅真切的场景渐次展开,平凡的生活有着最真的感动。     

东风航天城，英雄火炬手

雨后酒泉,天气清新。东风航天城,那远远就可看见的,是高耸入云的一座标志性建筑——载人飞船发射塔架。在这里,人群汇聚,个个喜笑颜开。2008年6月28日,是东风航天城的"城民",以及所有酒泉人大喜的日子。这一天,东风航天城进行了2008北京奥运火炬的点火和传递。     

NASA盲人工程师马可·米登

在很多正常人眼里。盲人是残废人，属于弱势群体。因此对于他们来说，做些力所能及的事情或者说能够自食其力就已经很了不起了。但是事实并非如此。盲人也可以做出许多像你我这样正常人所不及的事情，甚至是惊心动魄、震惊世界的事情。     

JIRAM, the image spectrometer in the near infrared on board the Juno mission to Jupiter

The Jovian InfraRed Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) has been accepted by NASA for inclusion in the New Frontiers mission "Juno," which will launch in August 2011. JIRAM will explore the dynamics and the chemistry of Jupiter's auroral regions by high-contrast imaging and spectroscopy. It will also analyze jovian hot spots to determine their vertical structure and infer possible mechanisms for their formation. JIRAM will sound the jovian meteorological layer to map moist convection and determine water abundance and other constituents at depths that correspond to several bars pressure. JIRAM is equipped with a single telescope that accommodates both an infrared camera and a spectrometer to facilitate a large observational flexibility in obtaining simultaneous images in the L and M bands with the spectral radiance over the central zone of the images. Moreover, JIRAM will be able to perform spectral imaging of the planet in the 2.0-5.0 microm interval of wavelengths with a spectral resolution better than 10 nm. Instrument design, modes, and observation strategy will be optimized for operations onboard a spinning satellite in polar orbit around Jupiter. The JIRAM heritage comes from Italian-made, visual-infrared imaging spectrometers dedicated to planetary exploration, such as VIMS-V on Cassini, VIRTIS on Rosetta and Venus Express, and VIR-MS on the Dawn mission.     

小型通信卫星在未来全球信息高速公路网中的作用

中小型通信卫星在未来混合型网络结构中将扮演重要角色。这种混合网络将为各种信息业务提供随时随地可访问的多媒体通道。本文旨在考察即将问世的全球信息基础结构（简称信息高速公路，ＮＩＩ）的基本概念。卫星通信将是未来这些混合网络结构赖以存在的核心传输结构中的一个重要组成部分。现代技术的突飞猛进使得未来中小规模的卫星就拥有建立明天高速信息网所必需的高性能。本文着重探讨了小卫星在建立未来信息高速公路中所起的作用。     

An innovative approach for distributed and integrated resources planning for the Space Station Freedom

The widely distributed nature of the Space Station Freedom program, plus continuous multi-year operations will force program planners to develop innovative planning concepts. The traditional centralized planning operation will not be adequate. It will be replaced by multiple small planning centers working within guidelines issued by a central planning authority. Plans will not be optimized; rather, operating efficiency and user flexibility will be blended to satisfy program goals. The key to this new approach is the application of new planning methodologies and system development technologies to accommodate distributed resources that must be integrated. Resources will be distributed to the multiple planning entities in such a way that, when the several plans are built and then integrated, they will fit together with minimal modification. The plan itself will be an envelope schedule containing resource limits and constraint boundaries within which users will be free to make choices of the specific activities they will execute, up to the time of execution. Some level of margin within program guidelines will be built in to allow for variation and unforeseen change. This paper presents the authors' recommended planning approach and cites two NASA systems being developed that will utilize these resource distribution/integration planning concepts, methodologies and development technologies.     

New microgravity fundamental physics research areas in the ISS era

NASA's microgravity fundamental physics program has used the Space Shuttle to perform high resolutions experiments in space. As we come to the end of the Shuttle era, we will begin to perform research aboard the ISS. A large stable of ground based experiments have been selected from NASA Research Announcements in a variety of disciplines. These investigations will form the backbone from which to select future flight candidates. Research in Laser Cooling and Atomic Physics will enable us to operate highly precise clocks in space. Low temperature physics experiments will use a liquid helium facility with a six-month lifetime. This facility can also support experiments in gravitational physics. Researchers in biological physics will be offered an opportunity to develop future experiments that can benefit from space experimentation. An overview of the future research directions and the benefits to the community of performing research aboard the ISS will be presented.     

Chandrayaan-1 mission to the Moon

Chandrayaan-1 is the first Indian planetary exploration mission that will perform remote sensing observation of the Moon to further our understanding about its origin and evolution. Hyper-spectral studies in the 0.4– region using three different imaging spectrometers, coupled with a low energy X-ray spectrometer, a sub-keV atom analyzer, a 3D terrain mapping camera and a laser ranging instrument will provide data on mineralogical and chemical composition and topography of the lunar surface at high spatial resolution. A low energy gamma ray spectrometer and a miniature imaging radar will investigate volatile transport on lunar surface and possible presence of water ice in the polar region. A radiation dose monitor will provide an estimation of energetic particle flux en route to the Moon as well as in lunar orbit. An impact probe carrying a mass spectrometer will also be a part of the spacecraft. The 1 ton class spacecraft will be launched by using a variant of flight proven indigenous Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-XL). The spacecraft will be finally placed in a 100 km circular polar orbit around the Moon with a planned mission life of two years.     

On the origin of satellite swarms

For a species to develop in nature basically two things are needed: an enabling technology and a “niche”. In spacecraft design the story is the same. Both a suitable technology and a niche application need to be there before a new generation of spacecraft can be developed. In the last century two technologies have emerged which had and still have a huge impact on the development of technical systems: Micro-Electronics (ME) and Micro-Systems Technology (MST). Many different terrestrial systems have changed dramatically since the introduction of ME and MST and many new systems have emerged. In the same period many nano-satellites have been built and launched and shown that they can perform in space. Still it is not clear what the specific role of these small satellites will be. Where will they go? What will they do? In this paper the authors will try to answer these questions and will refer to the OLFAR space born radio telescope as one of the niche applications for a nano-satellite swarm.     

The challenge of the US space station

We are on the verge of a new era of commercial and industrial expansion in space that will have a major impact on America's future and on the future of the world. It is a turning point that will set the US national agenda in space well into the 21st century, and, as such, will have an important impact on space-related activities worldwide. The USA is now gearing up to face the challenges of this new era. James Beggs, NASA Administrator, describes the US space station programme.     

From Earth's orbit to the outer planets and beyond: Psychological issues in space

Current planning for the first interplanetary expedition to Mars envisions a crew of 6 or 7 people and a mission duration of around 2.5 years. However, this time frame is much less than that expected on expeditions to the outer solar system, where total mission durations of 10 years or more are likely. Although future technological breakthroughs in propulsion systems and space vehicle construction may speed up transit times, for now we must realistically consider the psychological impact of missions lasting for one or more decades.Available information largely deals with on-orbit missions. In research that involved Mir and ISS missions lasting up to 7 months, our group and others have studied the effects of psychological and interpersonal issues on crewmembers and on the crew-ground relationship. We also studied the positive effects of being in space. However, human expeditions to the outer planets and beyond will introduce a number of new psychological and interpersonal stressors that have not been experienced before. There will be unprecedented levels of isolation and monotony, real-time communication with the Earth will not be possible, the crew will have to work autonomously, there will be great dependence on computers and other technical resources located on board, and the Earth will become an insignificant dot in space or will even disappear from view entirely.Strategies for dealing with psychological issues involving missions to the outer solar system and beyond will be considered and discussed, including those related to new technologies being considered for interstellar missions, such as traveling at a significant fraction of the speed of light, putting crewmembers in suspended animation, or creating giant self-contained generation ships of colonists who will not return to Earth.     

An international relations perspective on the consequences of SETI

Can we envision what the laws of politics and the laws of ethics will be in extraterrestrial civilizations? The laws of physics and chemistry will be the same. Presumably, if there are biospheres in other solar systems, the nature of biology will be the same. Over time evolution may produce the same forms of consciousness and intelligence as we see on earth. However, the political and ethical systems on earth are diverse. Often our images of extraterrestrial civilizations are mere projections of earthly patterns of conflict and cooperation. Perhaps over time the many civilizations and patterns on earth will evolve into one global civilization with harmonious political and ethical norms. These may be the same in universal civilizations if evolution is a cosmic process.