共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
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李大耀 《运载火箭与返回技术》2000,21(2):59-63,67
在地心引力场中,当目标航天器沿近圆轨道作无动力运动时,与目标航天器相邻的受控航天器相对于目标航天器的运动可以近似地用Hill方程描述。文章给出了受控航天器对目标航天器运动的推力速度随时间线性变化时Hill方程的解析解。并根据Hill方程导出了受控航天上对目标航天器运动的比动能方程。还讨论了比动能方程在上述两航天器轨道相遇和轨道交会问题中的应用。 相似文献
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轨道交会研究受控航天器与目标航天器于预定的位置和时间相会合。本文讨论按两次冲量法沿双共切椭圆轨道,使沿圆轨道运行的受控航天器实现向另一圆轨道转移并和沿该圆轨道运行的目标航天器相交会的最优方案,讨论中计及到地球扁率造成的轨道摄动。文中的所谓圆轨道指的是变轨时刻的密切轨道为圆形以及是对近圆轨道的近似替代。 相似文献
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本文讨论带有挠性附件和速率受控飞轮的航天器的姿态运动方程式及其稳定性。建立了系统的力学模型,利用准坐标 Lagrange 方程,并基于中心体固定时的振型分析结果推导了运动方程。用Ляпуноъ直接法证明了非线性运动方程零解对部分变量的稳定性,给出了渐近稳定的充分必要条件,证明了由飞轮速率反馈引入的不完全阻尼不一定能获得相应的渐近稳定性,但是在一定的条件下可以使中心体和挠性附件的运动得到阻尼。 相似文献
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建立航天器非开普勒运动理论是航天技术发展的必然。提出了一类非开普勒轨道——共振轨 道。共振是自然界的一种普遍现象,当发生共振时,很小的输入可以使系统的状态产生较大 变化。研究表明航天器在推力作用下的非开普勒运动在参数平面内可以视为一种受迫振 动,也会发生共振现象。因此,可以利用共振原理来研究航天器的运动,称这样一类非开普 勒轨道为共振轨道。首先通过合理地选择轨道描述参数、时间尺度和推力描述方式建立 航天器共振轨道的动力学模型。然后讨论航天器在推力作用下轨道运动的振动规律,并给出 共振轨道的概念及轨道方程。最后提出基于共振轨道的机动轨道设计方法。
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首先建立了采用任意浮动参考架时的柔性航天器动力学方程,然后选择连体坐标系为浮动参考架,解所得到的动力学方程的特征值问题,得到整个航天器系统的系统模态。通过模态变换,得到用连体系刚体位移和系统模态坐标表示的混合坐标航天器动力学方程。与通常采用部件模态得到的混合坐标动力学方程不同,这时动力学方程中刚体运动和弹性运动已无惯性耦合。同时也和采用系统自由弹性模态不同,这时刚体坐标直接反映航天器刚体运动。论文最后给出了两个算例。 相似文献
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针对提高空间目标相对轨道确定精度的问题,研究了在主航天器轨道运动受限时,通过设计和优化辅航天器相对轨道要素的航天器编队优化方法。首先,介绍了基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的双视线测量相对轨道确定方法;之后,通过研究双视线测量下的空间目标定位误差变化规律,得到了减小定位误差的角度条件;然后,通过分析该角度条件和辅航天器相对轨道要素的关系,设计并采用遗传算法优化了辅航天器相对轨道;最后,数学仿真结果表明,设计的编队可保证目标相对位置估计误差收敛,优化后的编队可使目标相对位置估计误差减小至0.3 km且不超过1.2 km。 相似文献
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The problem of optimal control is considered for the motion of the center of mass of a spacecraft in a central Newtonian gravitational field. For solving the problem, two variants of the equations of motion for the spacecraft center of mass are used, written in rotating coordinate systems. Both the variants have a quaternion variable among the phase variables. In the first variant this variable characterizes the orientation of an instantaneous orbit of the spacecraft and (simultaneously) the spacecraft location in this orbit, while in the second variant only the instantaneous orbit orientation is specified by it. The suggested equations are convenient in the respect that they allow the general three-dimensional problem of optimal control by the motion of the spacecraft center of mass to be considered as a composition of two interrelated problems. In the first variant these problems are (1) the problem of control of the shape and size of the spacecraft orbit and (2) the problem of control of the orientation of a spacecraft orbit and the spacecraft location in this orbit. The second variant treats (1) the problem of control of the shape and size of the spacecraft orbit and the orbit location of the spacecraft and (2) the problem of control of the orientation of the spacecraft orbit. The use of quaternion variables makes this consideration most efficient. The problem of optimal control is solved on the basis of the maximum principle. Several first integrals of the systems of equations of the boundary value problems of the maximum principle are found. Transformations are suggested that reduce the dimensions of the systems of differential equations of boundary value problems (without complicating them). Geometrical interpretations are given to the transformations and first integrals. The relation of the vectorial first integral of one of the derived systems of equations (which is an analog of the well-known vectorial first integral of the studied problem of optimal control) with the found quaternion first integral is considered. In this paper, which is the first part of the work, we consider the models of motion of the spacecraft center of mass that employ quaternion variables. The problem of optimal control by the motion of the spacecraft center of mass is investigated on the basis of the first variant of equations of motion. An example of a numerical solution of the problem is given. 相似文献
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在航天器轨道设计问题中,将惯性空间中经典的吉布斯三矢量定轨方法拓展到相对运动空间中,给出了一种相对运动条件下的三矢量定轨方法。针对已知轨道的目标航天器,以及二个或三个给定的空间相对位置,基于相对运动方程,提出了设计跟随航天器飞行轨道的数值方法。以轨道面共面或异面,以及目标航天器轨道形状为椭圆或圆,将问题分为四种情况进行约束条件和自由变量个数的分析讨论。对于自由变量个数多于约束方程的情况,额外给定周期重访约束,将各种情况下的特定相对位置访问问题转化为一至二维的非线性方程(组)求解问题。对一维方程求解采用分段黄金分割+割线法进行快速求解;对二维方程组通过网格法搜索迭代初值并通过牛顿迭代快速求解。进一步基于线性模型的解,采用微分修正方法求解了各情况下J2摄动模型下的结果。数值算例验证了提出方法的正确性及有效性。 相似文献
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万有引力场中带挠性太阳帆板航天器的姿态稳定性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文讨论带双侧挠性太阳帆板航天器在万有引力场中的姿态运动,建立带挠性帆板航天器的欧拉方程和帆板强迫振动方程。利用Galerkin方法对动力学方程离散化,利用Kelvin-Tait-Chetayev定量判断航天器在轨道坐标系内相对平衡的稳定性。导出适用于任意阶模态的解析形式稳定性充分条件。 相似文献
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We have analyzed the orbital disturbed spacecraft motion near an asteroid. The equations of the asteroidocentric spacecraft motion have been used with regard to three perturbations from celestial bodies, the asteroid’s nonsphericity, and solar radiation pressure. It has been shown that the orbital parameters of the main spacecraft and a small satellite with a radio beacon can be selected such that the orbits are rather stable for a fairly long period of time, i.e., a few weeks for the main spacecraft with an orbit initial radius of ~0.5 km and a few years before approaching Apophis with the Earth in 2029, for a small satellite at an orbit initial radius of ~1.5 km. The initial orientation of the spacecraft orbital plane perpendicular to the sunward direction is optimal from the point of view of the stability of the spacecraft flight near an asteroid. 相似文献
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The problem of a rendezvous in the central Newtonian gravitational field is considered for a controlled spacecraft and an uncontrollable spacecraft moving along an elliptic Keplerian orbit. For solving the problem, two variants of the equations of motion for the spacecraft center of mass are used, written in rotating coordinate systems and using quaternion variables to describe the orientations of these coordinate systems. In the first variant of the equations of motion a quaternion variable characterizes the orientation of an instantaneous orbit of the spacecraft and the spacecraft location in the orbit, while in the second variant it characterizes the orientation of the plane of the spacecraft instantaneous orbit and the location of a generalized pericenter in the orbit. The quaternion variable used in the second variant of the equations of motion is a quaternion osculating element of the spacecraft orbit. The problem of a rendezvous of two spacecraft is formulated as a problem of optimal control by the motion of the center of mass of a controlled spacecraft with a movable right end of the trajectory, and it is solved on the basis of Pontryagin's maximum principle. 相似文献
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面向航天器编队飞行的需求,对椭圆参考轨道航天器非线性周期相对运动条件进行研究,提出了确定椭圆参考轨道编队航天器非线性周期性相对运动条件的新方法。首先,考虑非线性、椭圆轨道等因素,通过哈密尔顿-雅可比(HJ)方程和正则摄动理论,推导了在任意非线性摄动下相对运动的模型和获得不需消耗任何燃料的周期性相对运动轨道的条件;然后,采用时域配点法,结合改进的列文伯格-马夸尔特(LM)法对周期性相对运动的初值进行求解;最后,设计数值仿真算例,利用上述条件,得到不消耗任何燃料的周期性绕飞轨道,由此验证了本文所提模型和方法的正确性。 相似文献
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采用本地轨道从标系对两邻飞船间相对运动动力学展开研究,指出在相对运动中也存在平衡状态,用相平面方法分析了其稳定性,基于此分析,综合出相对运动控制方法,即距离速率控制方法,受控运动轨迹是一条稳定的稳态直线,进而建立了全方位距离速率控制方法。最后以系绳卫星系统和飞船安全为例完成了计算机模拟。 相似文献
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追踪星跟踪空间非合作目标的相对轨道设计 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对空间非合作目标跟踪飞行可以执行观测或监视等任务。首先从一般性出发对追踪星与非合作目标之间的椭圆轨道相对运动方程进行分析,给出具有任意初始条件的相对运动方程解析表达式。其次,对追踪星沿航向跟踪目标并考虑约束条件时的相对轨道设计进行分析后,给出设计追踪星轨道的方法,该方法使得追踪星在保持对地定向的同时也满足测量敏感器的约束条件。最后通过数学仿真进行了验证。 相似文献