无需变轨实现单航天器对星座中多卫星的近距离接近

针对日前广泛应用的相位同构星座，讨论了一种无需变轨实现单航天器与多颗卫星近距离接近的轨道设计方法。其设计思想是首先根据接近任意两颗卫星轨道的约束条件得到轨道簇，再利用搜索的方法从中找出能接近其他一颗或多颗卫星的轨道。研究表明，利用这种方法能设计得到至少接近三颗非共轨卫星的多条轨道。文中给出了一个算例，针对描述符为60：18／6／2的星座，得到了多条能接近3—5颗卫星的轨道。     

欧洲伽利略卫星导航系统进展（中）

2伽利略系统进展 2．1空间段 2．1．1伽利略卫星星座 伽利略卫星星座由30颗卫星组成（见图3）。这些卫星均匀分布在3个中高度地球轨道上．其星座构形为Walker27／3／1．并有3颗在轨备份星。卫星轨道高度为23616km．轨道倾角为560．设计寿命20年。     

基于粒子群的非规则区域连续覆盖星座设计

针对非规则区域连续覆盖问题,采用回归轨道的共星下点轨迹星座方案,提出基于粒子群算法(PSO)求解单颗卫星轨道参数、解析法求解星座轨道参数的方法。首先,建立了回归轨道区域覆盖模型;其次,以非规则区域覆盖范围最大为性能指标,基于粒子群算法求解单颗卫星轨道参数;最后,根据共星下点轨迹星座约束关系,解析求解星座轨道参数。仿真表明,该方法可实现非规则区域100%的连续覆盖,星座轨道参数求解在5s以内,具有较好的工程应用价值。     

对偏差Walker星座卫星的接近轨道设计

文献［1-3］已研究了单航天器无需变轨对理想Walker星座多星交会的轨道设计,在此基础上,针对接近偏差Walker星座多星的轨道设计开展了研究。结合最小二乘算法与启发式的搜索算法,提出了一种轨道设计的思想,并进行了建模和数值仿真分析。研究结果可为单航天器无需变轨对星座多星接近提供理论依据。     

基于轨道摄动解的卫星编队飞行

用完全不同的方法推导出一种两颗卫星相对运动的表达式.首先,它描述的是一颗真实的卫星相对一颗在理想轨道上运动的虚拟卫星的运动,而这正是研究编队飞行所必须的;其次,这个表达式将真实卫星相对虚拟卫星的三维位置表示成虚拟卫星的Brouwer平根数及两卫星轨道根数之差的函数.据此便可以充分应用已有的关于轨道摄动的研究成果.作为一个基本模型,首先讨论了一颗真实卫星相对虚拟卫星形成椭圆型地面轨迹的飞行方式.基于轨道长期摄动的已有结果可以很容易地揭示这种飞行方式的长期变化,从而可以毫无困难地制定出轨道调整的策略.最后还研究了三颗卫星以同一条椭圆轨迹飞行的轨道设计和控制问题,该椭圆以虚拟卫星为中心.     

卫星编队飞行相对轨道的确定

卫星之间相对轨道的确定对于多颗卫星编队飞行的控制和任务是十分重要的。结合空间圆形的编队飞行星座，本文给出了描述卫星近距离运动的C-W方程，讨论了空间圆形的编队卫星星座的构成，进而设定了利用激光仪测量星间位置矢量，并设计了Kalman滤波器来实现相对轨道的确定，分析和仿真结果表明，Kalman滤波器能够有效提高相对位置确定精度并给出相对速度的高精度估计。     

俄罗斯发射6颗美国低轨道通信卫星

2008年6月19日，宇宙-3M运载火箭从俄罗斯远东卡普斯丁亚尔军事试验发射场发射6颗美国商用低轨道卫星——“轨道通信”（Orbcomm）。Orbcomm卫星星座系统目前共有29颗卫星运行于6个轨道面，可以提供全球覆盖。     

发射短讯

北斗卫星导航系统第一颗地球静止轨道卫星顺利升空 2009年4月15日0时16分,由中国空间技术研究院自主研制的北斗卫星导航系统第一颗地球静止轨道卫星在西昌卫星发射中心搭载新型长征一3C运载火箭,准确进入轨道。之后,卫星太阳翼和天线相继展开,卫星发射任务取得圆满成功。由此拉开了北斗导航星座部署的序幕。该星首次采用东方红三号改进型平台,经过大量技术创新研制成功,卫星设计寿命为8年。它是北斗卫星导航系统的首颗卫星,将对我国经济社会发展、现代化建设具有重要影响（见本刊封2）。     

卫星星座应用设计

本文以低地轨道小卫星星座为研究对象，讨论了星座覆盖性能分析方法，对各种覆盖性能指标进行了分析评价；在此基础上探讨了星座设计的一般准则及优化方法，并针对某一类型任务对两轨道面和三轨道面星座进行了优化设计，阐述了星座优化设计的关键以及不同轨道面数目下星座优化的潜力和特点。     

机动卫星星座对多区域目标成像任务规划

针对太阳同步圆轨道卫星星座对地观测任务,研究了在卫星机动情况下对多区域目标的成像任务规划算法。首先提出了单颗卫星对单个点目标的观测方法,解析分析了点目标可见性,并给出了卫星变轨策略;进而通过把区域目标划分为多个条带,将问题转化为卫星对点目标观测问题,结合单星单目标观测方法分析区域目标各条带的可见性;最后建立优化问题模型,给出条带观测策略,并利用遗传算法优化星座对多区域目标的观测总面积。仿真结果表明该算法准确性高,能够有效提高星座的观测能力和观测总面积。     

Optimal Control of a Programmed Turn of a Spacecraft

A problem of optimal turn of a spacecraft is considered. The time of turn is minimized, as well as the functional having a meaning of the propellant consumption. An analytical solution to the problem stated is derived. It is demonstrated that the solution optimal in this sense belongs to a class of two-impulse controls, under which a spacecraft executes the turn along the trajectory of its free motion. The solution obtained in this paper differs from earlier available solutions considerably. The estimations of the propellant consumption for a realization of the programmed turn are made.     

Motion of a Planet with a Complex Structure

The motion of a planet consisting of a mantle and a core (solid bodies) connected by a viscoelastic layer and interacting with each other and an external point mass by the law of gravitation is considered. The mutual motions of the core and mantle are investigated assuming that the centers of mass of the planet and external point mass moves along undisturbed Keplerian orbits around the common center of mass of the system. The planetary core and mantle have an axial symmetry and different principal moments of inertia, which leads to a displacement of the center of mantle relative to the center of core and to their mutual rotations. The results obtained on the basis of averaged equations are illustrated by the example of the Earth–Moon system.     

一个带间隙连接结构对梁基频漂移影响研究

文章以一端夹支、另一端带套筒连接结构的梁作为研究对象,通过在连接结构中引入间隙非线性因素,分别研究了在连接结构处有无预紧力两种情况时在均布载荷作用下梁的非线性幅频响应。同时,利用改进的振型转化法及连续振型法对系统进行建模,采用伽辽金近似得到系统的非线性受迫振动方程;针对实际算例,用龙格-库塔法得到了其数值解,讨论了此算例梁的频率漂移结果,从而得到了对研究航天器地面振动试验中的频率漂移现象有价值的结论。     

Identification of failures in a set of sensors of a spacecraft

A method to find and identify failures in a spacecraft’s set of sensitive elements that measure vector quantities of different nature is discussed.     

Peristaltic transport of a viscoelastic fluid in a channel

This paper is devoted to the study of the peristaltic transport of viscoelastic non-Newtonian fluids with fractional Maxwell model in a channel. Approximate analytical solutions have been constructed using Adomian decomposition method under the assumption of long wave boundary layer type approximation and low Reynolds number. The effects of relaxation time, fractional parameters and amplitude on the pressure difference and friction force along one wavelength are received and analyzed. The study is limited to one way coupling model with forward effect of the fluid on the peristaltic wall. It is evident from the result that pressure diminishes with increase in relaxation time and the effects of both fractional parameters on pressure are opposite to each other. The influences of these parameters on friction force are opposite to that of pressure.     

某型卫星有效载荷支架振动抑制

某型号卫星的有效载荷支架结构在验收级振动试验时振动超标。在对结构不做大的修改的前提下，采用约束阻尼层用对原结构进行处理。对不同的约束阻尼层方案采用有限元方法进行计算，综合考虑各种影响因素，如阻尼比和附加质量等，得到合理的约束阻尼减振方案，并在结构星上进行试验，确定最终实施方案。实施方案后，正样星在0．1g振动条件下，最大振动幅值下降了22．3％，保证了卫星的顺利发射。该卫星已经成功发射，并且在轨运行正常。该问题的成功解决和解决问题的方法与过程为今后解决类似问题提供了经验。     

Application of a magnetohydrodynamic element in the control loop of a rotating spacecraft with a spike antenna

The problem of stabilization of a rotating spacecraft with a flexible spike antenna located along the axis of spacecraft rotation is considered. A magnetohydrodynamic element is used as a final-control element in the control loop of spacecraft attitude, and the solar direction sensor serves as a measuring device. At the first stage of investigation, the problem of stability is considered for stationary and non-stationary modes of rotation of the spacecraft with a flexible antenna and with a cavity partially filled with a low-viscosity liquid.     

Equilibrium positions of a weight on a cable fixed to a dumbbell-shaped space station moving along a circular geocentric orbit

The motion of a space object in the gravitational field of the Earth is considered. The object consists of an extended space station and a weight, which is free to move along the cable fixed to the ends of the station. It is assumed that the station is composed of two masses coupled by a weightless rod, while the cable is weightless and non-stretched. The equations of motion of such a system are derived for the case when the motion proceeds in a single plane, while the center of mass of the system moves along a circular geocentric orbit. The conditions of the cable tension (conditions of being on tie) are derived. The phase portrait of the weight motion along the cable is constructed when the station is oriented to the attracting center or is perpendicular to this position. The possibility to leave the tie in this case is analyzed. Equilibrium configurations of the system are found, i.e., such motions of the object under consideration at which the weight does not change its position relative to the station. Lyapunov stability of such configurations is analyzed for two situations: when the station is composed of equal masses and when masses at the ends of the station are different. In particular, for the case of different masses it is established that there exist such positions of equilibrium at which the dumbbell is located at an angle to the direction to the attracting center. In some cases these positions can be stabilized (if the weight is fixed on the cable).     

Station keeping of a solar sail around a Halo orbit

Solar sails are a concept of spacecraft propulsion that takes advantage of solar radiation pressure to propel a spacecraft. Although the thrust provided by a solar sail is small it is constant and unlimited. This offers the chance to deal with novel mission concept. In this work we want to discuss the controllability of a spacecraft around a Halo orbit by means of a solar sail. We will describe the natural dynamics for a solar sail around a Halo orbit. By natural dynamics we mean the behaviour of the trajectory of a solar sail when no control on the sail orientation is applied. We will then discuss how a sequence of changes on the sail orientation will affects the sail's trajectory, and we will use this information to derive efficient station keeping strategies. Finally we will check the robustness of these strategies including different sources of errors in our simulations.