一种高动态GPS软件接收机方案研究

为了提高GPS接收机的捕获速度和跟踪精度,改善其动态适应性能,提出了一种GPS软件接收机方案.首先采用延迟、累积捕获结构搜索C/A码起始点,引入延迟累加器辅助频谱分析实现各卫星多普勒频移成分的分离、估计,将传统的二维捕获过程简化为两个一维搜索过程,提高了捕获速度;然后采用多重辅助结构的跟踪环路,提高载波、伪码频率和相位的跟踪精度.通过对GPS实测数据和高动态模拟数据进行仿真实验,验证了该软件接收机方案的有效性.     

GPS数据采集卡的设计

目前 ,GPS数据接收和存储主要由软件完成。介绍用硬件电路实现 GPS数据接收存储的一种方法。其硬件电路主要由单片机和外围电路组成 ,并利用可编程器 L attice isp 10 32 E产生电路中的各种控制信号 ,将数据存储于双口 RAM中。     

数据融合的对流层天顶延迟估计方法

为提高对流层天顶延迟(Zenith tropospheric delay，ZTD)的估计性能，提出了基于数据融合的ZTD估计方法。估计干延迟采用Saastamoinen模型，估计湿延迟采用Askne模型，地表气象测量设备提供给两模型所需的气压、温度以及水汽压，Askne模型所需的加权温度、温度变化率和湿度变化率由全球气压和温度2w(Global pressure and temperature 2w，GPT2w)模型提供。当气象测量设备不可用时，上述所有气象参数均来自于GPT2w模型。利用国际GPS服务(International GPS service, IGS)提供的数据进行验证，结果表明：当地表测量设备存在时，所提方法较Saastamoinen模型提高了8mm；当全部气象参数来自GPT2w时，本方法较GPT2w+Saastamoinen模型提高了8.1mm；对于季节分明的测站，误差趋势同样具备季节性；对于海拔高和气候干燥的的测站，估计误差较小。     

一种高精度区域对流层延迟模型及验证

对流层延迟模型精度是影响我国深空探测干涉测量系统实时处理精度的因素之一。不同于传统的对流层天顶延迟和映射函数单独建模,建立一种同时考虑对流层天顶延迟和映射函数的混合模型。将测站不同仰角的对流层延迟观测数据作为输入,给出模型参数确定算法。通过将EGNOS模型和文中模型的预报值与深空站实测值进行比对,验证模型精度。计算结果表明,利用EGNOS模型,10°仰角时模型预报值与实测值差异高达2.6m,而采用文中模型,仰角大于等于10°时,预报值与实测值差异不超过0.25m,精度提高约1个数量级。文中建立的混合模型对我国深空探测干涉测量系统中数据的实时处理具有较高的应用价值。     

GPS/运动方程组合导航

提出了一种不增加硬件设备而仅用软件（运动方程）－－全球卫星定位系统／运动方程（GPS／EM）组合导航方案，分析了其适用范围和特点。根据传统运动方程建模中的各种误差源，了包含误差源在内的飞行器扰动方程，并得出其解析解。建立了GPS／EM组合系统状态方程和观测方程，并进行仿真，验证了其可行性。结果表明，GPS／EM组合系统导航精度高于GPS，而且较单独GPS增加了信息冗余度。     

用软件实现遥测数据事后帧同步和定时处理

在多目标遥测系统中 ,实时对每个目标的视频遥测数据进行帧同步、定时处理 ,其硬件成本高 ,且定时延迟不确定。随着计算机处理速度的提高 ,可以将经过码同步处理的数据和遥测定时信息实时记录 ,事后用软件对实时记录的遥测数据、定时信息进行处理。提出一种多目标遥测系统实时记录数据帧同步处理、B0 0 0码解码、插入遥测定时的软件实现方法 ,该方法降低了遥测系统的硬件成本 ,提高了遥测定时精度     

利用GPS非差观测值的GRACE卫星精密定轨

参照GPS精密单点定位（PPP，Precise Point Positioning）模型设计了一种新的卫星定轨方法一组合星载加速度计测量数据和IGS提供的GPS精密星历及精密钟差数据进行低轨卫星的精密定轨。利用星载加速度计提高卫星受力模型准确性，使动力法定轨精度和可靠性都得到提升。同时，采用多种改正技术提高GPS非差观测值测量精度，保证最终高精度卫星定轨。本文建立了卫星定轨的轨道滤波模型，得出了有益的结论，即采用星载加速度计测量卫星非保守力可提高卫星定轨精度，在ITRF2000参考系下三轴精度优于18cm。这种方法不需要在全球建市基准观测站．定轨设备简单．费用低廉．     

基于广义卡尔曼滤波的伪距组合GPS/INS导航

提出了一种利用广义卡尔曼滤波进行GPS/INS组合导航的技术 ,同时给出了一种最优选星算法。采用间接的反馈校正设置 ,直接利用伪距数据和不受噪声污染的星历数据。利用该方法 ,组合导航精度高 ,在导航过程中若丢失GPS信息 ,短时间内单纯INS的导航精度仍能保持。恢复GPS信号后组合系统继续正常工作。     

某型号助推器斜面空间偏心工装的制造

叙述了在普通万用机床上，利用工艺装备的优势，制造出不能直接测量其精度的产品来，其中有独特的控制角度值在秒级的检测的方法；对相应数据进行测量后，通过计算，精确地确定其空间偏心值精度的方法。     

超紧致GPS／惯性耦合技术及干扰措施

超紧致GPS/惯性耦合技术将传统的GPS伪距计算与相关过程进行紧耦合,提高了对接收的GPS信号保持锁定的能力。与传统的跟踪环路相比,超紧致的方法可以近实时地处理数据,因此具有更好的抗干扰能力和导航精度。最后给出了这种技术的干扰对抗措施。     

Dynamics of Planetary Waves in the Ionosphere as Observed from GPS Satellites

The GPS satellite data are used to study the dynamics of the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) over Central Europe in the summer season from June 23 to September 30, 1996. The TEC variations within the range of periods typical of the planetary waves were found to be nearly synchronous with the neutral wind variations in the mesosphere and with the variations in the occurrence of ionospheric sporadic layers. The observed TEC variations were interpreted as the result of penetration of energy carried by nonstationary Rossby waves to the upper atmospheric altitudes.     

Simultaneous Response of the Mid-Latitude Ionosphere to a Sudden Commencement of Strong Magnetic Storms

Using the new technology of global GPS detection of ionospheric disturbances (GLOBDET), it is found that a sharp increase of the time derivative of the magnetic field strength during magnetic storms is accompanied by a simultaneous decrease of the mid-latitude total electron content (TEC) over the entire dayside of the globe. The corresponding negative correlation coefficient is no less than 0.8, and the delay relative to the sudden commencement of magnetic storm is about 3–10 min. The effect is especially clearly pronounced for magnetic storms with sudden commencements (SSC). The analysis is carried out for a set of 90 to 300 GPS stations for 10 days (January 6 and April 23, 1998; April 6, June 8, July 13, 14, and 15, 2000; March 31, April 4 and 11, 2001) with various levels of geomagnetic activity (D _st and K _p varied from –6 to –295 nT and from 0 to 9, respectively). The amplitude of the response in the total electron content for the events considered was 0.1–0.4 × 10¹⁶ m^–2 (which is a deviation of 0.2–2.6% from the TEC background value). The velocity of the disturbance motion from the dayside to the nightside was about 10–20 km/s. The results obtained agree with the data of ionospheric parameter measurements conducted earlier by methods with high temporal resolution.     

Effect of magnetic storms and substorms on GPS slips at high latitudes

The dynamics of slips in navigation signal parameters of GPS from 2010 to 2014 is considered for the stations of the IGS and CHAIN networks located in the Arctic region. On the basis of almost continuous (more than 8 million hours) observations at around 200 receiving stations, we investigate the probability of “instrumental” loss of phase and pseudo-range as well as short-term variations in the high rate of change of the total electron content (TEC) in different geomagnetic conditions. Quantitative estimates for the impact of geomagnetic disturbances on the slips of these parameters are given. The slip probabilities for TEC are significantly (100–200 times) higher than those of purely instrumental slips and grow during geomagnetic storms and substorms. The growth of instrumental slips may be caused by the increased absorption that occurs during geomagnetic storms, among other reasons, and is an indicator of auroral intrusions of highenergy particles.     

基于无向图的SoC软硬件划分方法

软硬件划分是SoC软硬件协同设计中的重要步骤之一。针对软硬件划分问题,提出一种基于无向图的软硬件划分方法,将软件成本和硬件成本设定为网络图的节点,将功能模块间的通讯成本设定为无向的边,从而将芯片的软硬件划分问题归结为基于无向图理论的多目标优化求解的问题。仿真结果证明,该方法在算法效率上优于GA算法和KL算法。并且设计研制了FPGA测试平台,实现软硬件并行开发,提高了基带芯片开发的效率。以BDS/GPS双模基带芯片为例,对本方法进行了具体实施,为基带芯片的软硬件划分设计提供了理论依据。     

基于凸优化技术的多目标鲁棒滤波组合导航方法

Kalman滤波在组合导航中的应用已很广泛,但是,在系统不确定情况下,误差出现发散,精度下降,采用的基于Riccati方程的H∞滤波技术对系统噪声的不确定性则具有一定的鲁棒性,但性能参数选取仅能凭经验而无系统的方法,给工程实践带来一定困难.根据现代控制理论最优控制理论思想,使用凸优化技术设计鲁棒混合H2/H∞滤波器融合高精度的GPS和CNS量测信息,解决系统不确定性问题,通过在惯性/卫星/天文组合系统中的半物理数据仿真进一步对混合H2/H∞滤波和H∞滤波算法进行了比较.仿真结果表明,真实器件噪声情况下,鲁棒混合H2/H∞滤波算法明显具有良好的精度.     

Updating the Local Model of the TEC during the Solar Eclipse on August 11, 1999

A total solar eclipse with the locations and times of the pass well-known in advance can be used to update the local model of the TEC for these particular circumstances. The observations using GPS receivers at the Warsaw and Borowiec stations and the ionosonde in Warsaw were analyzed in order to justify the results given by the IRI theoretical predictions. The IRI program with this updating creates a useful tool for preparation of the corrections for the process of network adjustment using the GPS technique and for navigation using single frequency receivers.     

Planetary waves according to simultaneous observations of <Emphasis Type="Italic">GPS</Emphasis> satellites and ground-based magnetic stations

On the basis of measurements made at Japanese magnetic stations and using GPS satellites for the 12 months of 2003, a comparison of simultaneous variations of three components of the magnetic field and total electron content (TEC) was carried out in the range of the planetary waves period. The correlation analysis has shown that almost synchronous variations exist within this range of periods at the ground-based magnetometer stations and in the TEC measurements both during strong magnetic disturbances and in quiet periods. The strong magnetic disturbances could be considered as a possible independent source of ionospheric variations within the planetary waves range, while the accompanying ionospheric storms could be a possible factor changing the conductivity of the lower ionosphere plasma. In quiet periods, the correlation of magnetic variations and disturbances in TEC is caused by the direct impact of atmospheric planetary waves on the lower ionosphere and can be related to variations of ionospheric currents due to the dynamo mechanism.     

GPS的空间应用

由于ＧＰＳ系统的特点以及低轨道空间的特殊应用环境，使得ＧＰＳ在空间上的应用存在着与地面应用所不同的特点，本文着重分析这些空间特点对ＧＰＳ定位实现的影响，得出以下结论：对空间用户而言，ＧＰＳ卫星对用户的覆盖有着不同于地面的特点，但可以看出，对９００公里高度以下的低轨用户，ＧＰＳ卫星对用户的覆盖不会比地面更差。同时，电离层延迟误差影响大大降低，对流层延迟误差可以不予考虑。ＧＰＳ系统本身已对相对论效应的长期项影响作了校正，但对空间用户必须重新考虑。由于空间用户运动的规律性，及我们可能对诸如信号的Ｄｏｐｐｌｅｒ频移，多路径干扰等成份作较为准确的估计并加以补偿，从而可能获得高于地面的测量精度     

利用GPS技术测量回收系统的弹道数据

与光测系统相比,利用GPS(Global Positioning System)系统测量回收系统弹道参数具有覆盖范围广,精度高和抗干扰能力强等优点。文中介绍了GPS测量系统的硬件和软件设计,并通过对试验结果的分析,总结了系统的研制情况,提出了今后的发展方向。