热处理对TA15钛合金电子束焊接接头力学性能和微观组织的影响

TA15钛合金电子束焊接接头脆性较大,疲劳性能较差。为了解决这些问题,研究了退火热处理对TA15钛合金焊接接头力学性能和组织的影响。结果表明,热处理可以在不影响接头强度的情况下改善接头的塑性,提高接头的疲劳性能。电子束焊接接头经过650℃+2h退火处理后抗拉强度和截面收缩率都达到了最佳状态。     

钛合金舵芯的电子束焊接工艺

叙述了钛合金舵芯的电子束焊接工艺试验研究过程。分析了舵芯蒙皮与骨架的接头形式不同所带来的影响以及焊接顺序对焊接变形的影响与变形控制问题。结果表明:真空电子束焊接的钛合金舵芯焊缝外观成形良好,内部质量好,焊接变形小,焊后构件的形位公差能够达到图纸要求,是焊接钛合金舵芯的一种优选方法。     

激光焊接TC4钛合金组织性能研究

研究激光焊接对TC4钛合金焊缝成形和力学性能的影响,并利用OM、XRD和TEM等手段对焊接接头的显微组织特征进行了分析。结果表明,激光焊接TC4钛合金成形较好,但在焊缝熔合线附近容易产生圆形气孔。焊缝由单一的α′马氏体构成,并呈网篮状分布。热影响区组织为α′马氏体和初始α相。焊缝和热影响区的显微硬度明显高于母材,而焊缝的硬度最高且硬度分布平缓。TC4钛合金焊接接头的室温平均抗拉强度为1126MPa,与母材的抗拉强度相当,延伸率为11.12%,比母材略低,焊接接头均断在母材区域。     

热处理工艺对双网篮Ti750合金组织性能的影响

研究了普通退火、双重退火、固溶时效三种热处理制度对双网篮组织近α高温钛合金Ti750合金组织结构、力学性能的影响.结果表明不同热处理制度对Ti750合金组织性能影响较大,近β相变点固溶时效处理能极大提高合金强度,但塑性极大降低;采用900℃/1..5hAC 600℃/3hAC双重退火热处理工艺,合金综合性能较好,强度、塑性相对有所提高.     

7A09铝合金电子束焊接接头的显微组织与力学性能

采用电子束焊方法对7A09铝合金进行焊接,分析不同焊接工艺对接头显微组织与力学性能的影响,获得了焊缝表面成形良好的焊接接头。为了进一步改善接头区域的显微组织,以提高接头的力学性能,对接头进行焊后热处理。接头微观分析显示,焊态下接头熔合区由柱状晶和等轴状枝晶组成,初生相在晶界处聚集,形成共晶组织。在焊接过程中添加圆形电子束扫描,可改善接头焊缝成形,细化焊缝晶粒。接头经过焊后热处理,晶界初生相减少,较多的强化相η′(MgZn2)等在接头焊缝区析出。力学性能测试表明,热处理后接头的拉伸强度达 400.6 MPa,为母材拉伸强度的80.8%。拉伸断口扫描观察显示,接头断口表面分布有许多大且深的韧窝,呈明显的韧性断裂特征。     

77A09铝合金电子束焊接接头的显微组织与力学性能

采用电子束焊方法对7A09铝合金进行焊接,分析不同焊接工艺对接头显微组织与力学性能的影响,获得了焊缝表面成形良好的焊接接头。为了进一步改善接头区域的显微组织,以提高接头的力学性能,对接头进行焊后热处理。接头微观分析显示,焊态下接头熔合区由柱状晶和等轴状枝晶组成,初生相在晶界处聚集,形成共晶组织。在焊接过程中添加圆形电子束扫描,可改善接头焊缝成形,细化焊缝晶粒。接头经过焊后热处理,晶界初生相减少,较多的强化相η′(MgZn_2)等在接头焊缝区析出。力学性能测试表明,热处理后接头的拉伸强度达400.6 MPa,为母材拉伸强度的80.8%。拉伸断口扫描观察显示,接头断口表面分布有许多大且深的韧窝,呈明显的韧性断裂特征。     

钛合金与铌合金的真空电子束焊接工艺研究

针对某航天双元发动机推力室的焊接问题，研究了钛合金与铌合金的真空电子束焊接技术，总结了一套工艺规范。并通过金相分析、力学性能试验、产品强度气密测试及发动机热试车，证明通过该技术可以获得满足设计要求的焊接接头。     

Al-Zn-Mg-Sc合金电子束焊接接头组织与性能研究

针对Al-Zn-Mg-Sc铝合金进行真空电子束焊接试验,研究表明,焊接接头各区域显微组织有所变化,与母材相比,热影响区晶粒有所粗化,且晶粒内部弥散分布的Al3Sc粒子数量有所减小,焊缝区发生了再结晶,由母材细长的纤维状组织转变为等轴晶组织,Al3Sc粒子发生了溶解,且焊缝上部的晶粒尺寸明显大于焊缝中部的晶粒。拉伸试验结果表明,焊接接头抗拉强度达到基材强度的80%以上,大部分拉伸试样均在焊缝处断裂,退火态焊接接头经过焊后时效处理,接头强度可达515.7MPa,为母材的94.2%,有效地提高了焊接接头的抗拉强度。     

电子束焊接能量对焊缝力学性能的影响研究

研究了电子束焊接能量对TC4钛合金焊缝力学性能的影响,为确定补焊次数提供理论依据。研究结果表明:随着电子束焊接次数的增加,焊缝能量输入增加,焊接残余拉应力逐渐增大,焊缝拉伸性能和断裂延伸率降低;当焊接次数达到6次时,拉伸强度为927 MPa,低于母材强度的90%,无法满足GJB1718A-2005I级标准要求;当焊接次数达到4次时,焊缝断裂伸长率低于10%;对于需要满足一级焊接标准的焊缝,焊接次数不超过3次。     

Ti3Al基合金的电子束焊焊接性研究

研究了电子束焊焊接工艺参数对Ｔｉ_３Ａｌ基合金焊接接头的组织和力学性能的影响，得到了无缺陷的Ｔｉ_３Ａｌ基合金电子束焊接接头，但弯曲塑性明显降低，焊接线能量对材料性能的变化有决定性影响。在试验的工艺参数范围内，随着焊接线能量的提高，弯曲塑性降低，硬度增加。     

On the stability of the track of the space elevator

A string moving with geostationary angular velocity in its radial relative equilibrium configuration around the Earth, reaching from the surface of the Earth far beyond the geostationary height, could be used as track for an Earth to space elevator. This is an old dream of mankind, originating about 100 years ago in Russia. Besides the question of feasibility from a technological point of view also the question concerning the stability of such a configuration has not yet been completely solved. Under the assumption that a proper material (carbon nanotubes) is available, making the connection possible technologically, we address the question of existence and stability of the radial relative equilibrium of a tapered string on a circular geosynchronous trajectory around the Earth, reaching from the surface of the Earth far beyond the geostationary height.     

On the Possibility of the Existence of Volatile Compounds in the Region of the Scott Crater on the Moon

In this paper, we analyze the illumination conditions, the thermal regime, and the possibility of deposits of volatile compounds existing in the vicinity region (NSR S5 region) near the southern pole of the Moon. It has been found that there are no permanently shadowed zones near the Scott crater and the NSR S5 region, though the temperature conditions allow the of compounds such as CH₃OH, SO₂, NH₃, CO₂, H₂S, C₂H₄, and water to remain stable relative to evaporation for a long time (≥1 Gyr). It has been also shown that compounds like CO and CH₄ cannot stably exist in these regions.     

Estimation of the current density and analysis of the geometry of the current system surrounding the Earth

The results of an investigation of the distribution of plasma pressure, pressure gradients, and magnetic field near the equatorial plane in the plasma ring surrounding the Earth under magneto-quiet conditions are presented. Observational data obtained during the international THEMIS mission are used. The picture of the distribution of transverse-current density near the equatorial plane was obtained under assumption of observing the magnetostatic balance condition at geocentric distances from 6 to 12R _E. In estimating the integral transverse current it was accepted that in daytime sector the magnetic-field minima on magnetic field lines are not localized in the equatorial plane. Estimates of the integral transverse current were obtained, which demonstrate the possibility of closing nighttime transverse currents at geocentric distances of up to ～12R _E inside the magnetosphere, which form a high-latitudinal continuation of the ring current.     

对老年人体育锻炼负荷量监控方法的探讨

通过对老年人体育锻炼活动的情况进行相关调查，发现目前老年人体育锻炼中存在一些误区。因此本文针对这些现实情况提出，应根据实际情况运用一些简单易行的方法来对老年人体育锻炼实施医务监督，达到提高老年人体育锻炼的科学性。     

Estimating the accuracy of the technique of reconstructing the rotational motion of a satellite based on the measurements of its angular velocity and the magnetic field of the Earth

The paper has studied the accuracy of the technique that allows the rotational motion of the Earth artificial satellites (AES) to be reconstructed based on the data of onboard measurements of angular velocity vectors and the strength of the Earth magnetic field (EMF). The technique is based on kinematic equations of the rotational motion of a rigid body. Both types of measurement data collected over some time interval have been processed jointly. The angular velocity measurements have been approximated using convenient formulas, which are substituted into the kinematic differential equations for the quaternion that specifies the transition from the body-fixed coordinate system of a satellite to the inertial coordinate system. Thus obtained equations represent a kinematic model of the rotational motion of a satellite. The solution of these equations, which approximate real motion, has been found by the least-square method from the condition of best fitting between the data of measurements of the EMF strength vector and its calculated values. The accuracy of the technique has been estimated by processing the data obtained from the board of the service module of the International Space Station (ISS). The reconstruction of station motion using the aforementioned technique has been compared with the telemetry data on the actual motion of the station. The technique has allowed us to reconstruct the station motion in the orbital orientation mode with a maximum error less than 0.6° and the turns with a maximal error of less than 1.2°.     

实施“三位一体”教育模式 提高学生的综合素质

本文介绍了“三位一体”教育模式的内容,描述亍我们实施该模式所采取的措施及取得的成效。实践表明,“三位一体”教育模式能够提高学生的综合素质,为学生毕业后的发展打下坚实基础,对教育模式的改革具有一定的指导意义。     

从应变计现状看电阻式传感器的前景

电阻式传感器的核心部件——电阻应变计是目前最常用的应力分析的敏感元件。也常用于测量力、压力、扭矩和加速度等物理量。作者简要回顾了电阻应变计的发展历史，介绍了电阻应变计的结构、分类及现状，展望了电阻式传感器的前景。     

System of works on numerical modeling of the dynamics of the structure of the Space Radiotelescope in the RadioAstron project

The results of modeling the dynamics of the Space Radiotelescope are presented. The results of ground-based vibration-dynamic tests are used to validate the calculation models and estimate the damping levels. The dynamic distortions of the reflecting surface caused by the operation of the pointing mechanism of the high-gain antenna are estimated.     

Optimization of the trajectory of the spacecraft insertion into the system of heliocentric orbits

The possibility of the spacecraft insertion into the system of operational heliocentric orbits has been analyzed. It has been proposed to use a system of several operational heliocentric orbits. On each orbit, the spacecraft makes one or more revolutions around the Sun. These orbits are characterized by a relatively small perihelion radius and relatively high inclination, which allows one to investigate the polar regions of the Sun. The transition of the spacecraft from one orbit to another has been performed using an unpowered gravity assist maneuver near Venus and does not require the cruise propulsion operation. Each maneuver transfers the spacecraft into the sequence of operational heliocentric orbits. We have analyzed several systems of operational heliocentric orbits into which the spacecraft can be inserted by means of the considered transportation system with electric propulsion (EP). The mass of the spacecraft delivered to these systems of operational orbits has been estimated.     

火箭推进剂液体晃动关机响应的数值仿真

本文采用VOF方法对火箭发动机关机阶段所引起的液体晃动进行了数值仿真，以氧化剂贮箱为例，得到了贮箱无阻尼环和带阻尼环时的晃动仿真图和液体质心变化曲线，检验了VOF方法处理碎波的能力。