旋转飞行器固体火箭发动机引起的章动不稳定性分析

文中采用变质量系统的方法,分析了旋转固体火箭发动机工作过程中的章动不稳定性问题。将发动机内部装药简化为变质量系统的药柱,通过对系统姿态运动方程的分析,得到质量变化对飞行器旋转姿态运动的影响,并对几种典型装药进行了计算分析。结果表明,在端面燃烧情况下,固体装药质量的消失对旋转运动的影响是有利的,使得飞行器侧向角速度逐渐趋于稳定;而对于管形装药,结果却刚好相反,质量的消失使旋转的侧向角速度以指数方式递增,从而导致了飞行器的不稳定。通过对结果的分析,提出了发动机如何控制旋转章动和稳定性的设计思想,分析方法也可以帮助解决复杂装药旋转固体火箭发动机飞行器的章动不稳定性问题。     

旋转飞行器固体火箭发动机非稳态气流作用分析

分析小卫星发射最末级出现章动现象的原因,在飞行器运动方程的基础上,引入非稳态气流作用力矩模型,计算了实际的飞行器参数。结果显示,非稳态气流产生的侧向扰动力矩是飞行器发生非稳态圆锥运动的主要因素。当扰动力矩的作用逐渐超过喷气阻尼力矩时,就会出现章动现象。若发动机在扰动力矩没有迅速增大之前停止工作,章动幅度就不会增大到使飞行器失稳的程度。分析结果可为旋转飞行器固体火箭发动机的设计提供参考。     

在轨条件下磁悬浮动量轮磁轴承系统稳定性研究

陀螺效应产生的进动和章动是影响磁轴承系统稳定性的根本原因.为了分析在轨条件下星体和磁悬浮动量轮转子的动力学耦合对磁轴承控制系统稳定性的影响,在建立磁悬浮动量轮转子动力学方程和磁轴承控制系统模型的基础上,采用相位分析法和广义根轨迹法对在轨条件下磁轴承控制系统的章动和进动稳定性进行了仿真分析.由于转子的极转动惯量远小于星体的俯仰轴转动惯量,磁轴承控制回路的星体耦合项不影响系统的章动稳定性,而对于低频进动运动提供小角度相位超前增大了进动运动的相角稳定裕度.仿真结果表明在轨条件下动量轮磁轴承控制系统的章动运动相角稳定裕度不变而进动运动相角稳定裕度得到提高.     

飞行器系统参数变化对章动过程的影响分析

研究小卫星发射过程中最末级使用旋转固体火箭发动机时飞行器系统参数变化对其章动效果的影响。考虑了推进剂质量变化引起系统的能量耗散,在欧拉动力学方程的基础上,引入了由于飞行器系统质量变化引起的角动量变化率,得到了飞行器系统的角速度方程与章动方程。把实际飞行器工作过程的参数代入所推导的方程,得到了飞行器的章动放大过程,同时得到了飞行器系统参数变化对章动放大过程的影响规律。计算结果可为飞行器系统的设计提供指导。     

滚控式变质心飞行器动力学特性分析与控制

为明确滚控式变质心飞行器的控制机理，为其工程实践提供相应的理论参考，建立包含滑块运动的滚控式变质心飞行器七自由度完整动力学模型，并分析讨论其运动特性以及动力学系统的特点。其次结合频域分析法对滑块运动与载体姿态运动之间的耦合影响以及动态响应过程进行分析研究，揭示了滚控式飞行器的控制机理。同时针对其通道间的耦合效应以及执行机构参数设置对控制能力的影响分析提出了对飞行器结构设计和控制系统设计的相关要求，为滚控式变质心飞行器的工程实践提供一些理论参考。     

利用地球磁场对人造卫星章动的控制

在人造卫星的姿态控制中,广泛地采用偏置动量轮控制系统。这种系统容易产生锥运动,也叫做章动。章动可以很快地被阻尼掉。许多作者研究了主动章动控制技术。 本文探讨了利用地球磁场和卫星上的磁偶极子之间的相互作用进行主动章动控制方案。首先分析了线性控制方案,然后分析了开关性控制方案。     

月球探测技术--奔月变轨过程自旋稳定指向控制

根据月球探测器奔月变轨过程中自旋稳定各阶段的特点,提出了分阶段进行主动章动、进动控制的策略和方法。对影响自旋稳定指向精度的因素和控制方法进行了研究。数学仿真结果表明:起旋推力器推力偏差是引起章动的主要因素;质量不平衡和能量耗散引起的章动很小,初步设计时可略去不计。采用限制横向角速率以限制最大章动角的控制策略可快速消除章动,便于工程实现。     

高超声速飞行器横侧向气动布局准则研究

主要研究高超声速飞行器副翼控制下的横侧向稳定性问题,针对满足传统稳定性判据的飞行器出现振荡发散的现象,通过对具体的运动过程进行机理分析,给出了反映该现象的预测判据,该判据的优势在于进一步完善了横侧向闭环稳定判据,为气动布局评估和设计提供依据。最后通过具体的特征点例子说明预测判据的有效性。     

双自旋同步气象卫星的姿态稳定度分析

本文在一般双自旋卫星动力学模型线性分析的基础上,给出了双自旋同步气象卫星姿态稳定度的数学描述和不规律姿态运动(摆动运动、章动运动)对姿态稳定度影响的解析表达式,并与非线性模型数学仿真结果进行对比,表明仿真结果与线性分析结果相当一致。     

带液体章动阻尼器卫星的残余章动角

带液体章动阻尼器卫星的残余章动角是设计高精度自旋卫星的一项重要指标。本文讨论液体章动阻尼器引起卫星存在残余章动角的机理;对于目前应用较多的管——罐式液体章动阻尼器的两种工况分别进行研究,得到了这类章动阻尼器与卫星及阻尼器结构参数间的关系式,为设计管——罐式章动阻尼器提供了依据。     

旋转充液系统全飞行过程非线性动力学仿真

本文考虑一类刚认耦合的旋转充液系统的飞行动力学问题，在依据力学变分原理给出基本方程，导出全飞行过程运动状态方程的基础上，建立了相应的仿真模型。可能通过对Navier-Stokes方程求解和液体流动的惯性波振动特性，给出液体的反作用力矩。经过仿真实验，分析角运动的时间序列，给出了比较详尽的飞行不稳定机制分析结果。     

导弹姿态控制系统鲁棒稳定性分析

研究了某型导弹弹体模型及其在飞行中的运动特性，对其姿态控制系统模型进行了简化，分析了导弹姿态控制系统在参数摄动条件下的动态特性，并时影响系统性能的不同参数偏差间的相互补偿进行了研究。结果表明，在某些测试参数偏差超出允许的条件下，如果系统有足够稳定裕度，只要不是功能性问题，仍可以进行发射。     

随动推力作用下柔性旋转飞行器稳定性分析

针对柔性旋转飞行器动力学问题,考虑了飞行器转速的作用,建立了计入陀螺力矩及随动推力影响的运动方程并分析了系统的动力稳定性问题。将柔性旋转飞行器简化为带有附加质量的非均匀转子结构,考虑陀螺力矩及随动推力的影响,采用剪切变形对轴向位移有影响的Timoshenko梁模型,基于有限元方法建立了运动方程,分析转速、剪切刚度及附加质量等因素对系统稳定性的影响,发现了转速作用下旋转飞行器刚体和弹性体模态耦合的新现象。结果表明：剪切刚度较小时,剪切变形对临界推力有较大影响;附加质量的大小及位置对临界推力和不稳定域有重要的影响;转速一般会诱发非均匀转子系统的弯曲模态与刚体模态合并为一个耦合模态,致使系统产生动态失稳。     

Reconstruction of spacecraft rotational motion using a Kalman filter

Quasi-static microaccelerations of four satellites of the Foton series (nos. 11, 12, M-2, M-3) were monitored as follows. First, according to measurements of onboard sensors obtained in a certain time interval, spacecraft rotational motion was reconstructed in this interval. Then, along the found motion, microacceleration at a given onboard point was calculated according to the known formula as a function of time. The motion was reconstructed by the least squares method using the solutions to the equations of satellite rotational motion. The time intervals in which these equations make reconstruction possible were from one to five orbital revolutions. This length is increased with the modulus of the satellite angular velocity. To get an idea on microaccelerations and satellite motion during an entire flight, the motion was reconstructed in several tens of such intervals. This paper proposes a method for motion reconstruction suitable for an interval of arbitrary length. The method is based on the Kalman filter. We preliminary describe a new version of the method for reconstructing uncontrolled satellite rotational motion from magnetic measurements using the least squares method, which is essentially used to construct the Kalman filter. The results of comparison of both methods are presented using the data obtained on a flight of the Foton M-3.     

Free fall: a partial unique motion environment

Conditions leading to the elicitation of motion sickness have been divided into two main categories: partial motion environments, in which head movements are required to elicit motion sickness, and complete motion environments, in which independent movements of the head are not required for the production of symptoms. It is postulated that, according to this categorization, free fall constitutes a partial motion environment. In support of this hypothesis evidence is reviewed from Skylab missions, experiments in parabolic flight, and ground-based studies.     

Male and female characteristics in vestibular testing: a step toward the selection of the best participants for space flight

Vestibular disturbances in connection with space flight were reported by a majority of participating astronauts and cosmonauts. These include motion sickness symptoms in the first few days of the space flight, as well as standing, gait and orientation disturbances after the return to Earth. The Aerospace Medical Community has been trying to select those people that are particularly adapted to the above stresses or that can be further adapted through training programs. As the circle of selectees extends to women, the problem arises as to whether differences between men and women exist under the conditions of space flight. In seeking answers to this question we studied a group of 42 women and 44 men, who were further subdivided according to their subjective motion sickness sensitivity, as determined by a questionnaire. Using this material, 26 men and 22 women were designated as motion sickness resistant, and 18 men and 20 women were designated as nonresistant. The vestibular test battery given these test subjects consisted of caloric, rotatory, optokinetic, vestibulo-spinal and vestibulo-vegetative testing. Because of the mixed orthostatic and vestibular problems seen after space flights, we also studied the response of the vestibular apparatus during peripheral blood pooling as induced by lower body negative pressure. The collected historical and test data are analyzed in this paper with emphasis on the relationship to motion sickness tendency.     

Determination of attitude motion of the Foton M-2 satellite using the data of onboard measurements of its angular velocity

We present the resutls of a prompt determination of the uncontrolled attitude motion of the Foton M-2 satellite, which was in orbit from May 31 to June 16, 2005. The data of onboard measurements of the angular velocity vector were used for this determination. The measurement sessions were carried out once a day, each lasting 83 min. Upon terminating a session, the data were transmitted to the ground to be processed using the least squares method and integrating the equations of motion of the satellite with respect to its center of mass. As a result of processing, the initial conditions of motion during a session were estimated, as well as parameters of the mathematical model used. The satellite’s actual motion is determined for 12 such sessions. The results obtained in flight completely described the satellite’s motion. This motion, having begun with a small angular velocity, gradually became faster, and in two days became close to the regular Euler precession of an axisymmetric solid body. On June 14, 2005 the angular velocity of the satellite with respect to its longitudinal axis was approximately 1.3 degrees per second, and the angular velocity projection onto a plane perpendicular to this axis had a magnitude of about 0.11 degrees per second. The results obtained are consistent with more precise results obtained later by processing the data on the Earth’s magnetic field measured on the same satellite, and they complement the latter in determination of the motion in the concluding segment of the flight, when no magnetic measurements were performed.     

机载SAR运动补偿技术研究

文中围绕机载SAR的运动补偿问题,对机载SAR运动误差的产生、运动误差对成像的影响以及运动补偿的实现等问题做大量探讨与仿真论证,并利用机载飞行试验的实测数据进行成像试验,验证运动补偿算法的有效性。     

一种用于导弹末制导的线性化控制方法

针对包含未知参数的导弹运动非线性模型,提出了一种用于末制导的线性化反馈简化控制方法。在模型中引入附加加速度输出,通过消除内反馈和零极点以输入-输出的近似线性控制导弹的非线性运动。给出了控制模型及其构成。仿真结果表明,该方法的反应速度快、稳定性好,控制精度满足要求,可用于导弹跟踪飞行控制。     

The Mode of Gravitational Orientation for the International Space Station

The results of the determination of the uncontrolled attitude motion of the International Space Station during its unmanned flight in 1999 are presented. The data of onboard measurements of three components of the angular velocity are used for this determination. These data covering an interval of slightly less than one orbit were jointly processed by the least squares method, by integrating the equations of motion of the station relative to its center of mass. As a result of this processing, the initial conditions of the motion and the parameters of the mathematical model used were estimated. The actual motion of the station has been determined for 20 such intervals during April–November. Throughout these intervals, the station rotated about the axis of the minimum moment of inertia, the latter executing small oscillations relative to the local vertical. Such a mode, known as the mode of gravitational orientation of a rotating satellite or the mode of generalized gravitational orientation, was planned before the flight. The measurements were made to verify it. The quasistatic component of the microaccelerations aboard the station is estimated for this mode.