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Because of long duration travel outside the Earth's magnetic field, the effect of iron-rich high charge and energy (HZE) particles in Galactic Cosmic Rays on human body is the major concern in radiation protection. Recently attention has been directed to effects on the central nervous system in addition to mutagenic effects. In particular, a reduction in striatal dopamine content on nigrostriatal dopaminergic system has been reported by investigators using accelerated iron ions in ground-based mammalian studies. In addition, studies of the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease demonstrated that excess iron cause a reduction in the dopamine content in the substantia nigra. This suggests an intriguing possibility to explain the selective detrimental effects of HZE particles on the dopaminergic system. Should these particles have biochemical effects, possible options for countermeasures are: (1) nutritional prevention, (2) medication, and (3) surgical placement of a stimulator electrode at a specific anatomic site in the basal ganglia. 相似文献
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Selected results from experiments investigating the potentially specific radiobiological importance of the cosmic HZE (= high Z, energetic) particles are discussed. Results from the Biostack space flight experiments, which were designed to meet the experimental requirements imposed by the microdosimetric nature of this radiation field, clearly indicate the existence of radiation mechanisms which become effective only at higher values of LET (linear energy transfer). Accelerator irradiation studies are reviewed which conform with this conjecture. The recently discovered production of "micro-lesions" in mammalian tissues by single HZE particles is possibly the most direct evidence. Open questions concerning the establishment of radiation standards for manned spaceflight, such as late effects, interaction with flight dynamic parameters, and weightlessness, are indicated. 相似文献
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影响GEO卫星长寿命高可靠的空间环境因素及其评估、验证和保障技术研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
文章叙述了空间环境与卫星长寿命高可靠的关系,着重分析了影响GEO卫星长寿命高可靠的各种空间环境效应,如:地磁亚暴电子造成的卫星表面带电及诱导的二次放电、辐射带高能电子引起卫星内带电、太阳耀斑质子和银河宇宙射线造成的单粒子效应、空间带电粒子和太阳电磁辐照造成的辐照总剂量效应以及空间环境下敏感表面的污染效应等.文章最后给出GEO卫星空间环境效应的评估、验证和保障技术研究的必要性及其主要研究方向. 相似文献
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铝粉/HTPB悬浮液的流变特性 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
用旋转粘度计和动态流变仪研究了铝粉/HTPB悬浮液的流变特性及铝粉含量、粒度、形状对流变性的影响。结果表明:铝粉颗粒间不存在相互作用,铝粉影响流变性的主要因素是粒子形状。这一结果将有助于通过调节铝粉类型来改善推进的工艺性能。 相似文献
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旋转条件下固体火箭发动机三维内流场数值模拟 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于颗粒轨道模型,通过运动方程加入过载加速度的方式建立了旋转条件下固体火箭发动机内三维两相流的数值模型,并利用该模型研究了不同的旋转加速度对固体火箭发动机中粒子运动轨迹以及聚集浓度的影响。结果表明,随着发动机旋转速度的增大,粒子的聚集带逐渐向壁面附近扩散,在发动机的轴向附近形成一个无粒子区域,旋转速度越大,无粒子区域越大;当旋转速度增加到一定值,粒子的聚集带向外扩散至壁面上,在前封头附近的壁面上形成一条与发动机母线成一定夹角的高浓度聚集带。 相似文献
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等离子体驱动微小碎片加速器是利用大容量脉冲电容器组对等离子体同轴枪放电产生高温、高密度、高速等离子体,再用这些等离子体加速微粒(10~1 000 μm)至超高速(1~15 km/s)以模拟mm级以下空间碎片撞击效应的地面试验装置。为了提高微粒速度,需要增加等离子体的动量,而等离子体的动量与工作气体的性质及定向速度密切相关。文章用数值模拟及解析计算等理论方法来探索等离子体轴向速度、密度和温度与放电条件、加速电极参数和工作气体之间的关系。通过研究等离子体束与微粒间相互作用的动力学行为,寻求优化试验装置效率的有效途径。 相似文献
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聚集状态对固体火箭发动机颗粒粒度分布的影响 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
开展了聚集状态下颗粒的收集实验和粒度分析,研究了聚集度和压强对粒度分布的影响规律.聚集状态的颗粒利用收缩管装置产生,采用一种颗粒收集方法对颗粒进行收集,并冻结其形态,对收集到的颗粒采用激光粒度分析仪进行了粒度分析.研究结果表明,聚集状态下颗粒平均粒度比常规条件下大很多,分布范围也较常规条件下宽得多,粒度分布曲线呈双峰或多峰分布,主峰比重很大;颗粒聚集度增大,颗粒粒度平均值增大,大粒度颗粒比重增加;颗粒粒度随燃烧室压强增大而增大. 相似文献
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空间环境是影响航天器可靠性的重要因素。与地球轨道航天器相比,行星际探测任务可能会遭受更加恶劣的空间环境,例如极端温度环境,辐射环境,腐蚀性大气环境、宇宙尘等,再加上行星际任务寿命长,采用先进的器件和材料,空间环境对行星际探测器的可靠性构成严重的威胁,直接关系到探测目标能否实现。因此考虑空间环境对行星际探测器的影响,开展相关的预先研究无论是对于制定行星际空间探测计划,还是搭载仪器的设计都具有非常重要的意义。文章分析了极端温度、辐射环境和行星表面综合环境对探测器的影响,并对开展相关研究提出了建议。 相似文献
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Horneck G 《Acta Astronautica》1994,32(11):749-755
Among the various particulate components of ionizing radiation in space, heavy ions (the so-called HZE particles) have been of special concern to radiobiologists. To understand the ways by which HZE particles of cosmic radiation interact with biological systems, methods have been developed to precisely localize the trajectory of an HZE particle relative to the biological object and to correlate the physical data of the particle with the biological effects observed along its path. In a variety of test systems, injuries were traced back to the traversal of a single HZE particle, such as somatic mutations, and chromosomal aberrations in plant seeds, development disturbances and malformations in insect and salt shrimp embryos, or cell death in bacterial spores. In the latter case, a long-ranging killing effect around the particle's track was observed. Whereas, from spaceflight experiments, substantial infomation has been accumulated on single HZE particle effects in resting systems and in a few embryonic systems, there is a paucity of data on cosmic radiation effects in whole tissues or animals, especially mammalians. 相似文献
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This paper presents a computational methodology to predict the satellite system-level effects resulting from impacts of untrackable space debris particles. This approach seeks to improve on traditional risk assessment practices by looking beyond the structural penetration of the satellite and predicting the physical damage to internal components and the associated functional impairment caused by untrackable debris impacts. The proposed method combines a debris flux model with the Schäfer–Ryan–Lambert ballistic limit equation (BLE), which accounts for the inherent shielding of components positioned behind the spacecraft structure wall. Individual debris particle impact trajectories and component shadowing effects are considered and the failure probabilities of individual satellite components as a function of mission time are calculated. These results are correlated to expected functional impairment using a Boolean logic model of the system functional architecture considering the functional dependencies and redundancies within the system. 相似文献
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N. V. Kuznetsov 《Cosmic Research》2005,43(6):423-431
Models and methods in use for quantitative estimates of the occurrence of single event upsets in microchips of orbiting spacecraft are considered. A calculation and experimental technique for determining the rate of these effects is described, taking into account spatial and temporal distributions of the fluxes of high-energy particles in the space and their penetration through protective shields. Examples of its application for the orbit of the International Space Station are presented. 相似文献
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含金属的固体推进剂在加速度场中燃烧时燃速敏感性的预示 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
本文综述了含金属固体推进剂在加速度场中燃烧的一些主要理论模型,指出了其中某些明显的不妥之处,如:金属颗粒的尺寸分布,金属球团变形参数与变形模量的关系。 本文在综合有关模型的基础上,在稳态燃烧的假设下,考虑了金属球团下方凹坑的形成机理及融熔金属球团在加速度场中的变形。 利用已编制的计算机程序,可对影响加速度场中燃速敏感性的各有关参数进行广泛而深入的研究,所得结果除能解释一些已有定论的实验现象外,还可预示出多种复杂的变化趋势,而后者往往已在实验中观察到、但却被认为是无规律的。故本文对发动机设计和推进剂配方设计有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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