日本公布改进H-II飞船的设计方案

据今日航天网2010年8月15日报道，日本宇宙航空开发研究机构（JAXA）已经公布了三套无人货运飞船的基本方案，这些飞船将有能力从空间站带回货物。JAXA正在以H—II转移飞行器（HTV）为基础，研制名为HTV—R的新型飞船。这三个计划是：给HTV安装一个直径数百厘米的舱体；给HTV安装一个与俄罗斯“联盟”飞船类似的、直径2．6m的返回舱；把HTV飞船的货运空间改造为达到直径4m，     

日本新型火箭发射空间站货运飞船

日本H-2B新型运载火箭9月11日凌晨在种子岛航天中心升空．发射了该国为国际空间站计划建造的首艘货运飞船“H-2转移飞行器”（HTV） 1。这是H-2B火箭的首次发射．也是HTV飞船的首次验证性飞行。     

日本HTV的责任

日本HTV的发射是今年世界载人航天界的一件大事,不管是事件本身,还是事件的主角——HTV飞船和H-2B运载火箭,都引起了航天人士和舆论媒体的极大关注。随着HTV搭乘H-2B的上天,日本的航天实力究竟达到了怎样一个新高度呢？它到底或者应该带给世界各国航天人士或部门怎样的关注呢？     

HTV大透视

作为日本重型运载火箭和新型的货运飞船，H-2B和HTV对于大多数人来说，都显得比较陌生和新鲜。本文将从科普的角度对其设计方案、性能参数以及今后的发展进行了详细介绍。     

首枚H-2B火箭发射首艘HTV货运飞船：日本迎来航天运输新时代

日本时间9月18日凌晨，日本首艘无人航天货运飞船——空间站转运飞行器1号（HTV1）到达国际空间站附近约10米处。国际空间站内的航天员操作机械臂，成功完成了HTV1与空间站的对接。     

日同意继续参与国际空间站项目

正日美两国2015年12月22日签订了有关国际空间站项目新合作框架的协议。根据协议,日本正式决定把参与该项目的时间延长到2024年。日本在该站上设有"希望"实验室舱,并利用"H-转移飞行器"(HTV)货运飞船为该站提供货运补给服务。日本宇宙航空研究开发机构在一份声明中宣称将促进对"希望"舱加以前所未有的利用。日本首相安倍晋三12月初就已表示日将同意国际空间站延寿计划。     

2011年全球航天活动回顾(下)

四、日本日本全年进行了3次航天发射。H-2B型火箭1月份发射了为国际空间站运送补给的"H-2转移飞行器"(HTV)2货运飞船。日还在建造5艘HTV飞船,拟在2016年前大致每年发射一艘。H-2A型火箭分别在9月和12     

日本HTV-1转移飞行器进行高度调整机动

据报道：日本第一艘HTV-1转移飞行器自飞行的第七天开始，成功进行了多次高度调整机动。调整后，HTV-1转移飞行器将进入国际空间站的运行轨道，并尾随空间站飞行，间距5km。HTV-1转移飞行器运送的货物约4．5t，用途主要有向国际空间站运送补给和验证HTV的对接飞行技术，验证搭载在HTV转移飞行器上的系统在实际飞行中的运行功能。     

日本展示HTV太空货运飞船

日本宇宙航空研究开发机构2008年12月25日在位于茨城县筑波市的筑波宇宙中心向媒体展示了日本首个太空货运飞船HTV，它每次可为国际空间站送去6吨物资。     

美国重返月球计划进展

美国布什总统提出“空间探索新构想”计划的4年多时间里,载人重返月球计划已经有了一定的进展,已经从目标、目的论证阶段进入到工程实施阶段,并且开始硬件建设。本文对美国重返月球计划的主题和目标、星座计划和月球探索体系的技术方案以及整个计划的进度、最新进展情况进行了全面地介绍和分析。     

Space Station habitability research.

The purpose and scope of the Habitability Research Group within the Space Human Factors Office at the NASA/Ames Research Center is described. Both near-term and long-term research objectives in the space human factors program pertaining to the U.S. manned Space Station are introduced. The concept of habitability and its relevancy to the U.S. space program is defined within a historical context. The relationship of habitability research to the optimization of environmental and operational determinants of productivity is discussed. Ongoing habitability research efforts pertaining to living and working on the Space Station are described.     

French research program on the physiological problems caused by weightlessness. Use of the primate model

The need to acquire a better knowledge of the main biological problems induced by microgravity implies--in addition to human experimentation--the use of animal models, and primates seem to be particularly well adapted to this type of research. The major areas of investigation to be considered are the phospho-calcium metabolism and the metabolism of supporting tissues, the hydroelectrolytic metabolism, the cardiovascular function, awakeness, sleep-awakeness cycles, the physiology of equilibrium and the pathophysiology of space sickness. Considering this program, the Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches de Medecine Aerospatiale, under the sponsorship of the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, developed both a program of research on restrained primates for the French-U.S. space cooperation (Spacelab program) and for the French-Soviet space cooperation (Bio-cosmos program), and simulation of the effects of microgravity by head-down bedrest. Its major characteristics are discussed in the study.     

Psycho-social training for man in space.

In preparation for the international manned space station various international and national space agencies are already participating with the Russian MIR programme with short, medium, and long term presence on the MIR station. Although selection criteria for all crew include careful psychological screening, with some effort also regarding team build-up, this has proved insufficient; moreover. little or no effort is expended in the area of psycho-social- or team training. This paper propounds the authors' thesis that, in addition to the steps already being taken, psycho-social training is essential for long-duration flight. A concrete proposal is made for such a training program, with an overview of how such a program will look like; examples of past applications are given.     

The future of human spaceflight.

After the Apollo Moon program, the international space station represents a further milestone of humankind in space, International follow-on programs like a manned return to the Moon and a first manned Mars Mission can be considered as the next logical step. More and more attention is also paid to the topic of future space tourism in Earth orbit, which is currently under investigation in the USA, Japan and Europe due to its multibillion dollar market potential and high acceptance in society. The wide variety of experience, gained within the space station program, should be used in order to achieve time and cost savings for future manned programs. Different strategies and roadmaps are investigated for space tourism and human missions to the Moon and Mars, based on a comprehensive systems analysis approach. By using DLR's software tool FAST (Fast Assessment of Space Technologies), different scenarios will be defined, optimised and finally evaluated with respect to mission architecture, required technologies, total costs and program duration. This includes trajectory analysis, spacecraft design on subsystem level, operations and life cycle cost analysis. For space tourism, an expected evolutionary roadmap will be described which is initiated by short suborbital tourism and ends with visionary designs like the Space Hotel Berlin and the Space Hotel Europe concept. Furthermore the potential space tourism market, its economic meaning as well as the expected range of the costs of a space ticket (e.g. $50,000 for a suborbital flight) will be analysed and quantified. For human missions to the Moon and Mars, an international 20 year program for the first decades of the next millennium is proposed, which requires about $2.5 Billion per year for a manned return to the Moon program and about $2.6 Billion per year for the first 3 manned Mars missions. This is about the annual budget, which is currently spend by the USA only for the operations of its Space Shuttle fleet which generally proofs the affordability of such ambitious programs after the build-up of the International Space Station, when corresponding budget might become again available.     

SSC microgravity sounding rocket program MASER.

The Swedish Microgravity Sounding Rocket program MASER is presented. Especially the MASER 1 payload is depicted, but also an outlook for the future possibilities within the Short Duration Flight Opportunities is given. Furthermore the coordination and relation with the German TEXUS program is touched upon. With the two TEXUS and MASER programs--possibly together with other fascinating projects like M-ARIES and MG-M-ARIANNE--the microgravity scientific community in Europe should get reasonable amounts of flight opportunities in preparation for the big space venture the European Space Station.     

Analysis of an algae-based CELSS. Part 1: model development

A steady state chemical model and computer program have been developed for a life support system and applied to trade-off studies. The model is based on human demand for food and oxygen determined from crew metabolic needs. The model includes modules for water recycle, waste treatment, CO2 removal and treatment, and food production. The computer program calculates rates of use and material balance for food. O2, the recycle of human waste and trash, H2O, N2, and food production supply. A simple non-iterative solution for the model has been developed using the steady state rate equations for the chemical reactions. The model and program have been used in system sizing and subsystem trade-off studies of a partially closed life support system.     

How the science and engineering of spaceflight contribute to understanding the plasticity of spinal cord injury.

Space programs support experimental investigations related to the unique environment of space and to the technological developments from many disciplines of both science and engineering that contribute to space studies. Furthermore, interactions between scientists, engineers and administrators, that are necessary for the success of any science mission in space, promote interdiscipline communication, understanding and interests which extend well beyond a specific mission. NASA-catalyzed collaborations have benefited the spinal cord rehabilitation program at UCLA in fundamental science and in the application of expertise and technologies originally developed for the space program. Examples of these benefits include: (1) better understanding of the role of load in maintaining healthy muscle and motor function, resulting in a spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation program based on muscle/limb loading; (2) investigation of a potentially novel growth factor affected by spaceflight which may help regulate muscle mass; (3) development of implantable sensors, electronics and software to monitor and analyze long-term muscle activity in unrestrained subjects; (4) development of hardware to assist therapies applied to SCI patients; and (5) development of computer models to simulate stepping which will be used to investigate the effects of neurological deficits (muscle weakness or inappropriate activation) and to evaluate therapies to correct these deficiencies.     

基于1553B总线的星载嵌入式软件在轨升级方法

针对星载嵌入式软件在轨升级难的问题,提出了基于1553B总线的星载嵌入式软件在轨(线)升级方法.通过1553B总线接收升级程序、固化程序和升级程序分区独立存储、启动程序和应用程序互相配合的方式,实现软件升级、部分传输异常时补丁升级及升级异常情况下的版本回退.在某星载固态存储设备上对方法进行了试验验证,结果表明,方法可对...     

Synthesis of a combined system for precise stabilization of the Spektr UF observatory. I

The paper presents the first part of results of basic research for development of a combined system of high-precision stabilization of the optical telescope for the international observatory Speckr UF (currently under design) planned to study emission of stars in the UV waveband. A new direct method used in these studies for calculating program controls is described. The results of numerical experiments are presented.     

基于多块结构网格的并行计算及负载平衡研究

从并行计算流体力学程序的稳定性和效率两大问题入手,针对多块结构网格的通用数据传输方法和基于遗传优化算法的负载平衡方法,并在已有串行多块结构网格程序基础上发展了相应的并行程序.该并行程序以物理区域分割为基础,采用MPI实现消息传递,适用于各种不同的并行机体系结构,具有很好的可移植性.大量数值实验证明,本文发展的并行程序具有良好的稳定性和并行效率,可以进一步应用于大规模实际工程计算.