单框架控制力矩陀螺系统的构形分析

根据构形效率、奇异面的复杂度等指标，针对成对安装和非成对对称安装的几种常见构形，进行了分析评价，认为正十二面体构形是系统运行中的一种较理想的构形，但就研究本身而言，金字塔构形的分析和研究具有一定的代表性，对其它构形的分析和操纵也具有一定的指导意义。     

An improved installation for control moment gyros and its applications on reconfiguration and singular escape

A cluster of control moment gyros (CMGs) is widely used as the actuator of attitude control for modern satellite. However, to use CMGs will induce some accessional problems, like the singularity and the failure of them. In this paper, a rotator for the support bracket of each control moment gyro (CMG) is adopted and its application on reconfiguration and singular escape is discussed. The first step puts forward a novel reconfiguration scheme for the CMGs and applied on a satellite, which can adjust the installation angles of the remaining CMGs and make the CMGs remain axial symmetry. Then the characteristic of the output torque is studied in the process of reconfiguration of the CMGs. Based on this characteristic, a special steering law of the CMGs is designed to counteract the disturbance from the reconfiguration. The feasibility of singularity avoidance via the reconfiguration is also discussed by calculating the derivative of the singularity measurement to the installation angle. A singularity avoidance steering law is proposed based on the above calculation.     

采用变速控制力矩陀螺的一种姿态/能量一体化控制研究

本文研究采用变速控制力矩陀螺（VSCMG）的航天器姿态／能量一体化控制技术。首先建立了以变速控制力矩陀螺为执行机构的航天器姿态动力学模型，并给出了全局稳定的姿态反馈控制律。以控制力矩陀螺群的构型奇异量度为依据，分别考虑了VSCMG的控制力矩陀螺（CMG）工作模式和反作用飞轮（RW）工作模式。在陀螺群接近奇异时启用转子的反作用飞轮工作模式来补偿控制力矩陀螺采用鲁棒伪逆操纵律时所引起的力矩误差；在陀螺群远离奇异状态时，用控制力矩陀螺来补偿转子储能带来的干扰力矩。在姿态控制的同时利用转子的变速特性，完成按照给定的功率存储／释放能量，并在陀螺群远离奇异状态时对储能过程中转子的转速进行调节，以保持良好地动量包络外形。最后以某航天器的姿态控制为例，给出了数值仿真结果。     

Calculation and fitting of boundaries between elliptic and hyperbolic singularities of pyramid-type control moment gyros

There exists a singularity problem in control moment gyros (CMGs). CMG singularities are classified into two types: hyperbolic and elliptic. Several gimbal steering control methods have been presented to avoid CMG singularities. Hyperbolic singularities can be avoided by null motion, but elliptic singularities cannot. The existing steering control methods are rarely designed by explicitly taking the singularity type into account. In order to effectively avoid elliptic singularities by perturbing gimbal angles, it is desirable to calculate and record the boundaries between elliptic and hyperbolic singularities in advance so that the determined boundaries can be utilized for developing model predictive steering control. To this end, the boundaries between elliptic and hyperbolic singularities of CMGs are calculated and represented in the form of fitted curves. Several numerical examples are presented to determine the perturbation gimbal angles for avoiding elliptic singularities without using singular value decomposition.     

Singularity avoidance of control moment gyros by one-step ahead singularity index

A steering law of control moment gyros for spacecraft attitude control by using one-step ahead singularity index is addressed in this paper. In some recent studies, the null motion approaches or singularity robustness steering laws have been extensively investigated to avoid singular configurations for a control momentum gyro (CMG) cluster. As a novel approach different from them, the proposed approach is based on optimization technique by minimizing the one-step ahead singularity index. Modified approaches are also presented in this paper. The proposed one-step prediction method ultimately gives an optimized solution of gimbal rates with advanced ability to avoid a singularity. A singularity index for reliable computation of a gradient vector is also introduced. Finally, performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by numerical simulations.     

空间站姿态控制和动量管理研究

空间站在利用控制力矩陀螺 (CMG)进行姿态控制的过程中 ,由CMG产生的内力矩使空间站角动量重新调整分配 ,会引起控制力矩陀螺角动量随时间的累积 ,从而导致角动量的饱和。本文在空间站姿态控制与动量管理 (ACMM )线性化模型基础上 ,首先建立了不考虑扰动抑制下的控制系统稳定模型 ,其次分析了考虑扰动抑制下的控制器设计 ,引入线性系统有关理论 ,利用内模原理实现对扰动抑制的鲁棒控制 ,最后通过仿真验证了系统的有效性     

采用VSCMGs的航天器IPACS设计的一种投影矩阵方法

研究以变速控制力矩陀螺群（VSCMGs）为执行机构的能量／姿态一体化控制系统（IPACS）中的操纵律设计问题。建立了带VSCMGs的刚性航天器的动力学方程，用Lyapunov方法设计了渐近稳定的姿态控制律；在对VSCMGs的动力学进行详细分析的基础上，用投影矩阵法设计了一种操纵律，该算法将姿态控制指令力矩分解成两个力矩分量之和，其中一个由陀螺模式提供，另一个由飞轮模式提供，从而使VSCMGs处于构型奇异时陀螺模式也处于工作状态，降低了飞轮模式的负荷；文中证明了IPACS所需的变速控制力矩陀螺（VSCMG）个数最少为3，并分析证明了所设计的算法可以有效地解决姿控／储能一体化设计中可能出现的奇异问题。仿真结果验证了所设计算法的可行性。     

某飞翼布局无人机控制系统重构方法研究

通常是在欧拉坐标系中描述飞机的运动方程,但是当飞机做大幅度的姿态运动时,运动方程的解会出现奇异性.根据某飞翼布局无人机的特点,本文首先建立了基于四元数法的六自由度飞行力学模型.在操纵面的气动数据插值方面,本文用非均匀有理B样条插值法,将插值后的数据进行拟合,得到操纵面气动力系数与舵偏角的关系表达式.在上述基础上,用序列...     

某遥感卫星平台的微振动试验研究

为了研究动量轮/控制力矩陀螺造成的微小振动在卫星结构内的传递规律,文章利用某遥感卫星平台在国内首次开展了气浮和悬吊两种状态下的卫星微振动对比研究试验。分别在两种边界下进行了背景噪声测试及模态试验,分析了两种边界条件对试验结果的影响;测量了动量轮/控制力矩陀螺工作造成的微振动响应。通过对试验结果的分析,总结了典型微振动源的主要扰动成分及其传播规律。研究表明:两种边界引入的噪声对试验结果的影响均较小,微振动响应在传播过程中会大幅衰减;动量轮及控制力矩陀螺工作时引起的扰动响应从总体上看受边界的影响不大。     

飞轮和控制力矩陀螺高速转子轴向干扰特性的研究

飞轮和控制力矩陀螺的高速转子在工作过程中所产生的轴向振动不客忽视,通过分析高速转子产生轴向振动的原因,并进行相关的理论分析,提出了降低转子轴向振动的措施和方法.研究结果表明,通过一定的改进措施可以减小高速转子的轴向振动,从而可以提高卫星的姿态控制精度和稳定度.     

变锥角SGCMG系统的奇异躲避路径规划策略

将锥体上五个单框架控制力矩陀螺（SGCMG）框架轴与底面的锥角视为姿态机动任务前的调整变量,建立了锥角可调的五棱锥构型SGCMG模型。通过锥角可调SGCMG系统的复杂奇异性分析,推导了陀螺奇异测度对时间的导数与陀螺框架角速度的关系,进而提出考虑奇异躲避的路径规划策略。基于Gauss伪谱法的路径规划结果表明：锥角可调的五棱锥构型SGCMG系统可有效提高特定机动方向的控制能力,显著减少空间站姿态机动所需时间;所提出的考虑奇异躲避的路径规划策略可有效避免陀螺奇异。     

Study of singular surfaces of systems of unsupported gyrodynes by the parameter continuation method

A system of two-degree-of-freedom force gyroscopes (gyrodynes) is considered to be used for spacecraft attitude control. Possible values of its total angular momentum form some finite region P in the frame of reference rigidly connected with the spacecraft. Near the boundary of this region and singular surfaces located inside it the control of the angular momentum is complicated or impossible. The program angular momentum of the gyrodynes, realizing the law of variation of the spacecraft orientation, should lie inside P and outside some singular surfaces, and due to this fact the boundary and internal singular surfaces should be studied. This work is dedicated to the numerical construction of region P and its internal singular surfaces by the method of parameter continuation. Using the results by E.N. Tokar’ we formalize sufficient conditions which in some cases allow one to determine the type of the singular surface. As an example, a system of six gyrodynes is considered, for which the regions of variations of the intrinsic angular momentum and singular surfaces are constructed. The possibilities of the system are demonstrated for the case when one gyrodyne fails.     

磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺的动框架效应及其角速率前馈控制方法研究

在磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺中,局限于磁悬浮轴承系统的动态响应速度,框架的转动将使转子轴的角位移和轴心跳动量显著增大(动框架效应),甚至碰撞保护轴承,严重影响磁悬浮系统的稳定性。本文建立框架转动时的磁悬浮转子相对运动模型,分析了框架转动对磁悬浮转子的单方向作用,在Simulink仿真的基础上提出一种抑制动框架效应的角速率前馈控制方法。实验结果表明,磁悬浮轴承采用角速率前馈控制后,转子跳动量被抑制到原来的18％,大大提高了控制力矩陀螺磁悬浮系统的稳定性,同时还改善了控制力矩陀螺的力矩输出特性。     

基于分布式剪刀构型控制力矩陀螺的大尺寸空间结构振动抑制

针对柔性航天器上大尺寸柔性结构的振动抑制问题,提出在结构上分布安装剪刀构型的微型控制力矩陀螺(CMG),实现空间柔性结构的振动抑制.首先建立携带分布式剪刀构型CMG的约束边界大尺寸空间结构的动力学方程,然后基于Lyapunov方法设计剪刀构型CMG的框架轴操纵律,结合工程实际的"死区"现象,对所设计操纵律进行改进.最后...     

遥感卫星在轨微振动测量数据分析

介绍某遥感卫星的在轨微振动测量方案,并从背景噪声、扰动源特征、星体结构传递特征三个方面对测量数据进行分析。由测试数据发现,控制力矩陀螺（CMG）和动量轮引起的局部扰动较大,而传递至有效载荷处的扰动主要由CMG和双轴天线引起。星体结构对微振动有良好的衰减作用,有效载荷安装面的响应相对于振源得到了大幅衰减。     

具有SGCMG系统的挠性卫星姿态机动控制及验证

针对挠性卫星在轨姿态快速机动的需求，开展了星体姿态机动控制方法及控制实现研究。基于建立的挠性卫星姿态跟踪控制误差方程，给出了PD控制与补偿控制相结合的姿态跟踪控制器形式；考虑系统实现的时延影响，利用经典频率分析方法选择了兼顾系统稳定性及宽带控制的控制参数；在控制具体实现中，采用一种新型的基于力矩矢量调节奇异规避操纵策略，克服常规鲁棒奇异规避操纵存在的框架“锁死”现象，在解决奇异规避的同时避免激发挠性振动。所提出方法的有效性通过了在轨验证。     

Maneuver planning of a rigid spacecraft with two skew control moment gyros

The attitude maneuver planning of a rigid spacecraft using two skew single-gimbal control moment gyros (CMGs) is investigated. First, two types of restrictions are enforced on the gimbal motions of two skew CMGs, with each restriction yielding continuous control torque along a principal axis of the spacecraft. Then, it is proved that any axis fixed to the spacecraft can be pointed along an arbitrary inertial direction by at most two sequent rotations around the two actuated axes. Given this fact, a two-step eigenaxis rotation strategy, executing by the two single-axis torques respectively, is designed to point a given body-fixed axis along a desired direction. Furthermore, a three-step eigenaxis rotation strategy is constructed to achieve an arbitrary rest-to-rest attitude maneuver. The rotation angles required for the single-axis pointing and arbitrary attitude maneuver schemes are all analytically solved. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.     

Spacecraft attitude maneuver using two single-gimbal control moment gyros

In this paper, arbitrary rest-to-rest attitude maneuver problems for a satellite using two single-gimbal control moment gyros (2SGCMGs) are considered. Although single-gimbal control moment gyros are configured in the same manner as the traditional pyramid-array CMG, only two CMGs are assumed to be available. Attitude maneuver problems are similar to problems involving two reaction wheels (RWs) from the viewpoint of the number of actuators. In other words, the problem treated herein is a kind of underactuated problem. Although 2SGCMGs can generate torques around all axes, they cannot generate torques around each axis independently. Therefore, control methods designed for a satellite using two reaction wheels cannot be applied to three-axis attitude maneuver problems for a satellite using 2SGCMGs. In this paper, for simplicity, maneuvers around the x- and z-axes are first considered, and then a maneuver around the y-axis due to the corning effect resulting from the maneuver around the x- and z-axes is considered. Since maneuvers around each axis are established by the proposed method, arbitrary attitude maneuvers can be achieved using 2SGCMGs. In addition, the maneuvering angles around the z- and x-axes, which are required in order to maneuver around the y-axis, are analytically determined, and the total time required for maneuvering around the y-axis is then analyzed numerically.     

高分辨率敏捷卫星颤振对成像的影响分析方法

高分辨率敏捷卫星在轨姿态机动成像过程中,姿态控制执行机构的控制力矩陀螺（Control Moment Gyro, CMG）在正常工作时会产生附加的扰动力和扰动力矩,经振动传递,造成相机内部敏感光学元件之间的相对运动,从而对图像品质造成影响。为了研究 CMG 颤振对高分辨率敏捷卫星成像的影响,文章采用集成建模分析方法,构建包括扰动、结构、控制、光学在内的颤振集成模型。以某型号空间相机为研究对象,对此相机的动力学特性和光学系统敏感度进行了分析,得到相机敏感光学元件的振动响应,以及颤振在相机焦面产生的像移,研究了CMG颤振对高分辨率敏捷卫星成像的影响分析方法,可为其他类型颤振的影响分析提供参考。     

空空导弹大角度姿态推力矢量控制研究

为研究具有大离轴角及越肩发射能力的先进空空导弹敏捷转弯方法，研究了空空导弹的大角度姿态机动控制律。利用时间尺度分离的方法将导弹的姿态动力学和运动学系统分别看做快子系统和慢子系统。用李亚普诺夫方法设计了慢子系统控制律。利用动态逆方法设计了快子系统控制律。分析了控制系统的鲁棒性和稳态精度。仿真结果证明了所提控制方法能够大大减小空空导弹大角度姿态机动时各种力矩干扰的影响。最后给出了采用姿态控制实现的越肩发射的仿真结果。