应用测试岛的组批卫星流水线测试模式设计

针对组批卫星总装、集成、测试(AIT)需求,提出应用测试岛的流水线测试模式。界定各测试岛的任务内容、准入条件、场地及配套设备管理方法,设计测试岛流水线生产流程,描述卫星排产策略中的科学问题。构建组批卫星混合流水线车间调度问题(HFSP)模型,提出采用多层编码遗传算法解决流水线装配测试问题。以"北斗"组批卫星AIT期间生产数据为例,将传统AIT排产策略与应用测试岛流水线排产策略进行对比分析。仿真结果表明:8颗卫星完成AIT阶段全部测试,采用测试岛流水线测试模式得到的最优排产结果,相比传统测试流程排产时间缩减了13.7%,从而验证了应用测试岛流水线测试模式及多层编码遗传算法,可实现组批卫星AIT平台下智能排产策略设计,优化生产资源调度模型。     

高分三号卫星总体设计验证

高分三号(GF-3)卫星是我国民用"高分辨率对地观测系统重大专项"中唯一一颗微波成像卫星,也是我国第1颗1m分辨率C频段多极化合成孔径雷达(SAR)卫星,其定量化指标要求高,同时具有雷达天线质量、尺寸大,热控要求高,脉冲功率大,构型布局复杂等技术特点和难点。文章围绕GF-3卫星技术难点,系统阐述了卫星高定量化、高扩展性等总体设计特点及设计验证方法,并采用系统建模、模拟分析、地面试验和在轨测试等多种措施,确保卫星优良的图像质量和定量化应用能力,使其具备一定的在轨扩展能力。GF-3卫星设计和研制过程中采用的验证方法,可为后续SAR卫星的总体设计提供参考。     

欧空局Proba-2小卫星将验证新型航天器技术

据报道，欧空局的第二颗低成本Proba-2技术验证小卫星将验证新型航天器技术，同时携带有科学仪器。目前该卫星正在研发中，预计将于2007年9月发射。     

一种星载大功率T/R组件的高密度组装技术

随着卫星应用技术的发展,相控阵天线在卫星上的应用越来越广泛,T/R组件作为有源相控阵天线最核心的部分,直接决定了相控阵天线的性能,而卫星载荷宇航级的应用,又对T/R组件提出了需要同时具备高功率、高集成和高可靠性等更加严苛的要求.提出了一种星载大功率T/R组件的高密度组装技术,从结构特点、热仿真、可制造性等方面详细介绍了其工艺设计与实现过程,并对关键工艺和过程控制措施进行了详述,通过多级焊接解决了该T/R组件多通道大功率芯片的散热问题,最终给出了实物照片和测试结果.该高密度组装技术的攻关与验证成功,为高功率、高可靠、高性能星载T/R组件的批产提供了工艺基础.     

一种高精度中继卫星捕获跟踪外场无线试验方法

为了验证中继卫星捕获跟踪系统设计,充分考虑地面环境和在轨应用的差异,提出基于近似远场条件下的中继卫星捕获跟踪技术验证方案。利用中继卫星设备、用户航天器模拟设备、高精度二维轨道模拟设备、光学指向设备、天线重力卸载设备以及地面测试设备等组成的验证系统进行捕获跟踪试验,给出了静目标和动目标捕获跟踪试验结果,并与仿真跟踪过程进行了比对。试验结果和仿真结果一致,验证了文章提出的中继卫星捕获跟踪技术验证方法的有效性,进而验证了捕获跟踪技术方案、单脉冲角跟踪体制、跟踪策略等,为中继卫星在轨可靠工作提供技术支撑。     

高轨卫星锂离子蓄电池组自主管理系统设计

针对高轨卫星锂离子蓄电池组在轨管理问题,文章在分析锂离子蓄电池组特性及在轨使用需求的基础上,提出了锂离子蓄电池组自主管理系统的设计,并在某高轨卫星上进行了验证。根据在轨数据,从工作模式转换、充放电管理、均衡管理、搁置管理等方面对管理系统的验证情况进行总结。提出的自主管理系统可为后续高轨卫星锂离子蓄电池组自主管理系统的设计提供参考。     

环境减灾-1A卫星对发射力学环境适应性的分析与验证

针对HJ-1A卫星发射状态的特殊性,使用有限元计算和相似性类比推算的方法,详细分析了正样状态HJ-1A卫星对于运载力学环境的适应性,得出HJ-1A卫星正样状态能够满足运载的力学条件的结论,并根据分析结果,改进了试验条件,最终通过试验验证,并顺利发射成功.     

关于卫星跳波束系统的几点思考

传统的多波束卫星系统多为固定资源分配方式,缺乏足够的灵活性.跳波束通过时间分片技术满足了用户的非均匀、动态业务需求,提高了卫星的资源利用率和业务服务能力,但目前跳波束技术在卫星中的应用面临着许多挑战.文章从系统和技术层面进行了分析与思考,指出了跳波束系统中存在的难点问题,并梳理分析了其关键技术.最后结合人工智能等新兴技术给出了跳波束系统的发展趋势,为我国后续卫星跳波束技术的应用发展提供了思路.     

卫星三平面法动平衡试验方法及在轨实践

对于安装低转速、大质量旋转载荷的卫星而言，旋转舱体的动不平衡对其在轨的姿态稳定性有重大影响，因此动平衡试验是该类卫星的重要试验之一。提出基于立式动平衡机的三平面动平衡试验配平方法。与传统配平方法相比，该方法从动不平衡的原理出发，能够充分解耦静不平衡量与偶不平衡量，有效减小配平次数、降低配平质量并获得更优的动平衡指标。该方法通过某型号批产卫星的试验实践，卫星在轨运行良好，验证了该方法的有效性及实用性。     

美日典型试验卫星发展分析

试验卫星是针对空间技术创新发展需求,专门用于对航天新器件、新材料、新设备、新技术、新体制和新概念等进行空间飞行试验验证的卫星总称。试验卫星作为空间飞行试验验证平台,是降低航天风险和成本的有效途径,     

一种在轨卫星质量特性计算方法

提出一种基于交互式迭代和批量最小二乘法的在轨质量特性计算方法,仅使用陀螺作为敏感器,动力学模型适用于零动量和偏置动量两种控制模式,考虑了卫星与飞轮动量交换以及参数之间耦合关系,且能够适用于在轨不进行连续大角度姿态机动的卫星。计算结果表明,此方法具有快速、稳定的收敛特性和较高的计算精度。     

The use of remote sensing satellites for verification in international law

This paper examines the use of remote sensing satellites for verification in public international law. Verification always depends on the specific agreement or mission to be verified. There are no general framework rules: the means of verification and the verifying authorities vary from agreement to agreement and from mission to mission. Rapid technological development and the intensifying international cooperation have led to an increasing number of international verification missions. Whereas, in the past, verification was at the heart of intelligence and national services, the commercialization of the remote sensing industry and the information revolution have supported the creation of joint initiatives in this field. Traditionally, verification is associated with disarmament and arms control treaties, but the paper will underline that this is only one field of application for verification missions. It is important to note that there is no binding international regime specifically addressing such activity. The lack of legal certainty in this field also applies to the use of remotely sensed data as evidence in legal proceedings.     

A socio-economic evaluation of the lunar environment and resources—III: Selenospheric economics and cislunar/terrestrial market analysis

Geosocio-economically useful lunar development requires adoption of a development strategy designed to balance investments and returns as attractively as possible. This paper deals with a systematic approach to developing early and profitable returns through an appropriate investment strategy and through cislunar and terrestrial market research. In addition, long-term aspects are outlined, including the production of helium-3 for terrestrial fusion power plants and of water from fusion products and lunar oxygen.     

The commercialization of satellite imagery: Implications for cross-border conflict

The proliferation of commercial observation satellites offers opportunities to enhance regional stability as well as destabilizing possibilities for cross-border conflicts in the developing world. It is virtually impossible to anticipate whether observation satellites will be exploited for peaceful or destabilizing purposes, but there are clear benefits in maintaining symmetry in such capabilities. An International Satellite Monitoring Agency could be the best way to promote the positive aspects of satellite technology while minimizing the negative.     

具有SGCMG系统的挠性卫星姿态机动控制及验证

针对挠性卫星在轨姿态快速机动的需求，开展了星体姿态机动控制方法及控制实现研究。基于建立的挠性卫星姿态跟踪控制误差方程，给出了PD控制与补偿控制相结合的姿态跟踪控制器形式；考虑系统实现的时延影响，利用经典频率分析方法选择了兼顾系统稳定性及宽带控制的控制参数；在控制具体实现中，采用一种新型的基于力矩矢量调节奇异规避操纵策略，克服常规鲁棒奇异规避操纵存在的框架“锁死”现象，在解决奇异规避的同时避免激发挠性振动。所提出方法的有效性通过了在轨验证。     

Development of reliability-corrected cost model for Small Earth Observation satellites

In this study, a novel reliability-corrected cost model for estimating the development cost of highly agile small EO (Earth Observation) satellites is presented. In order to develop the cost model of highly agile small EO satellites, a database has been constructed consisting of 49 satellites carrying electro-optical payloads and having a launch mass between 100 kg and 1,000 kg that have either been developed or being developed within a time frame from 1991 to 2011. The cost model of top-down type was developed by analyzing the database statistically. The reliability-corrected CER (Cost Estimating Relationships) developed in this study implement multiple parameters-based complexity indexes. In addition, the Cost Correction Factor (CCF) and Low Cost Small Satellite (LCSS) adjustment factor were newly introduced as additional parameters for cost estimation. The reliability-corrected CERs for 26 EO satellites were used for verification of the cost model developed in this study. It was observed that there are approximately 7% of absolute average errors in the reliability-corrected CER. It is concluded that this cost model can provide cost estimates with a higher accuracy, as compared to conventional cost models such as USCM and SSCM. Finally, this paper also describes the results of cost estimation obtained by applying the developed cost model to highly agile small electro-optical satellites having specific performance requirements.     

基于偏心率和倾角矢量的共位隔离策略

在同一个标准的位置保持窗口内并置多颗卫星,并且避免相互之间的碰撞、干扰和遮蔽,是充分利用地球静止轨道资源的一种比较好的办法。针对我国卫星共位隔离的工程需要,文章提出了一种基于偏心率矢量和倾角矢量实现共位隔离的方法,给出了基于偏心率矢量和倾角矢量联合隔离的基本方法、约束方程,以及工程实现时的位置保持策略。通过仿真计算和工程实际应用,验证了该方法的正确性。     

高低轨双星时频差无源定位精度

高低轨卫星联合定位是提高地面辐射源无源定位精度的有效方法。从时差基线、速度差增加方面分析了高低轨双星定位精度相对同轨卫星定位精度高的原因,推导出高低轨双星时频差定位误差分布表达式,分析了高低轨联合定位适用的时频差测量方法及其测量精度。仿真分析结果表明:在低轨卫星星下点附近较大范围内,定位精度达到百米量级。验证了双星相对位置变化、时频差测量误差、高低轨卫星自身位置速度测量误差等因素对高低轨双星定位精度的影响。     

Dual attitude and parameter estimation of passively magnetically stabilized nano satellites

The attitude determination capability of a nano satellite is limited by a lack of traditional high performance attitude sensors, a result of having small budgets for mass and power. Attitude determination can still be performed on a nano satellite with low fidelity sensors, but an accurate model of the spacecraft attitude dynamics is required. The passive magnetic stabilization systems commonly employed in nano satellites are known to introduce uncertainties in the parameters of the attitude dynamics model that cannot easily be resolved prior to launch. In this paper, a batch estimation problem is formulated that simultaneously solves for the attitude of the spacecraft and performs parameter estimation on the magnetic properties of the magnetic materials using only a measurement of the solar vector. The estimation technique is applied to data from NASA Ames Research Center's O/OREOS nano satellite and the University of Michigan's RAX-1 nano satellite, where clear differences are detected between the magnetic properties as measured before launch and those that fit the observed data. To date this is the first known on-orbit verification of the attitude dynamics model of a passively magnetically stabilized spacecraft.     

微纳卫星发展现状及在光学成像侦察中的应用

对当前微纳卫星在空间环境感知、新技术空间演示验证、空间科学试验、通信与数据传输、对地或对空间目标进行光学成像观测等方面的主要应用形态进行了归纳总结,分析了采用微纳卫星实施光学成像侦察的优势,给出了应用实例,并提出在航天侦察应用中大力发展光学成像侦察微纳卫星的相关建议。从而为后续微纳卫星在航天光电侦察中的广泛应用提供了参考。