北斗专列—CZ 3A系列火箭发展回顾和未来展望

CZ-3A系列运载火箭承担了北斗工程，包括北斗一号、北斗二号和北斗三号的全部发射任务，被称为“北斗专列”。在北斗工程历时26年的研制过程中，CZ-3A系列火箭突破了一系列关键技术，使火箭具备了从地球同步转移轨道(GTO)到倾斜同步转移轨道(IGTO)、中圆转移轨道(MTO)，从一箭一星发射至转移轨道，到一箭双星发射至转移轨道，再到一箭双星直接发射入轨的发射能力，实现了跨越发展。满足了北斗工程的发射任务需求，北斗工程共计44箭、59星，CZ-3A系列火箭发射均获得了圆满成功，成功率达到了100%。     

空天瞭望

<正>“长征”四号“一箭双星”发射成功2023年3月10日06时41分,“长征”四号C运载火箭在太原卫星发射中心点火升空,以一箭双星方式成功将“天绘”六号A/B星送入预定轨道,发射任务取得圆满成功。“天绘”六号A/B星由航天东方红卫星有限公司研制,主要用于地理信息测绘、国土资源普查和科学试验研究等任务。执行本次发射任务的“长征”四号C火箭是由上海航天技术研究院抓总研制的常温液体三级运载火箭。本次发射是“长征”系列运载火箭的第465次发射。     

“一箭多星”发射低地球轨道卫星的构型优化设计方法

针对"一箭多星"发射的低地球轨道(LEO)卫星,提出一种考虑多星-单星耦合作用的卫星构型优化设计方法,从单星系统配置和运载火箭对构型的约束分析、"一箭多星"发射构型设计、单星和多星分配器构型设计3个层次逐级开展卫星构型设计。通过设计实例验证了卫星构型优化设计方法的有效性,此方法能够在满足构型约束条件的同时,实现运载火箭潜力的最大化利用及单星发射成本的最低。     

“长征”四号B运载火箭成功发射“天绘”二号卫星

<正>2019年4月30日6时52分,我国在太原卫星发射中心成功实施"长征"四号B运载火箭"一箭双星"发射任务,将"天绘"二号卫星送入太阳同步轨道。"长征"四号B运载火箭由上海航天技术研究院抓总研制,是一款常温液体运载火箭,具备发射多种卫星、不同轨道要求的单星、多星发射能力。此次任务为了适应"一箭双星"的串联布局和卫星包络需求,箭体首次采用了3.35m直     

业界动态

中国一箭双星成功发射实践九号A/B卫星北京时间2012年10月14日11时25分,中国在太原卫星发射中心用长征二号丙运载火箭,以"一箭双星"方式,成功将实践九号A/B卫星发射升空并送入预定转移轨道。实践九号A/B卫星是中国民用新技术试验卫星系列的首发星,由中国航天科技集团公司所属航天东     

2009年全球航天活动回顾(中)

<正>三、欧洲欧洲阿里安5火箭2009年进行了7次发射,包括1次一箭四星、4次一箭双星和2次单星发射。7次发射创下了该火箭单日历年度发射次数纪录。2次单星发射中,一次发射的是美私营公司的"地星"1移动通信卫星,另一次发射的是法国"太阳神"2B侦察卫星。     

日本九十年代的新型运载火箭——H-Ⅱ

H-Ⅱ运载火箭的研制计划已于1985年4月正式开始。它是一种新型的一次使用的、可满足九十年代航天需要的运载火箭,拟将完全由日本独立研制。该火箭地球同步轨道的运载能力为2吨。H-Ⅱ火箭预定于1992年发射日本的第四代卫星。H-Ⅱ火箭具有以下设计特点:1)一箭多星发射结构,多数任务是一箭双星发射,每星重量为1吨;2)新运载火箭尽量选用了 H-Ⅰ火箭的研制经验;3)设计结构简     

一种多星测控下行多址干扰分析方法

针对一箭多星发射过程中的多星测控问题,提出了一种适用于多星星地测控链路的下行码分多址干扰分析方法,构建了星箭联合体电磁仿真简化模型,并采用电磁仿真预测与多星干扰强度分析相结合的方法,评估受干扰信号的干信比上限,检验系统的兼容性。以构型为串联结构形式一箭双星发射的某中高度轨道双星为例,根据其主动段双星所处的构型布局和使用时机的复杂约束,分析评估单站同时接收双星下行码分多址扩频测控信号的多址干扰强度,并进行了双星主动段的在轨飞行试验。结果表明:该方法可有效分析多址干扰强度,满足工程实际应用需求。电磁仿真预测与多星干扰强度分析相结合的方法,为检验星地系统参数的兼容性,以及星箭飞行控制过程中地面站的使用策略提供了有效的支撑,可为类似的多目标工程应用提供参考。     

一箭多星发射直接入轨的卫星构型研究

针对中、高轨道一箭多星发射直接入轨的需求,基于卫星与运载火箭的接口、环境条件、包络与操作要求等约束,对卫星构型形式进行了研究。比较了一箭多星发射的几种卫星构型方案（包括中心承力筒式、板筒式、板架式和桁架式构型）,研究了星箭接口选用包带式和点式爆炸螺栓两种连接分离装置的适用性,并据此提出优选桁架式卫星构型和点式爆炸螺栓星箭接口形式,可为卫星结构特性优化和卫星平台通用化奠定基础。     

长征四号丙运载火箭

一、火箭总体方案 长征四号丙(CZ-4C)运载火箭是由中国航天科技集团公司第八研究院抓总研制的常温液体推进剂三级运载火箭,是在原长征四号乙(CZ-4B)运载火箭的基础上经大量技术状态改进设计而成,以全面提高火箭的任务适应性和测试发射可靠性为目标进行研制.     

Maiden Flight of Long March 7——The New Generation Medium Launch Vehicle in China

On June 25, 2016, the Long March 7(LM-7) launch vehicle completed its maiden flight successfully. LM-7, as a new generation of medium and basic launch vehicle based on the design concepts of non-toxic and nonpolluting, was developed for the purpose of launching a cargo spacecraft to the Chinese space station. Based on the experience on launching cargo spacecraft and satellites, LM-7 can be adapted for mainstream satellite launch missions in the future with its characteristics of serialization and continuous optimization. LM-7 is expected to be used to launch manned spacecraft in the future. This paper presents a general review of LM-7 with regard to the general scheme and provides references for the development prospects of a medium launch vehicle series in China.     

LM-11——The Main Force in China's Small Launch Vehicles for Commercial Launch

The Long March 11 launch vehicle(LM-11) is the only solid launch vehicle within China's new-generation launch vehicle series, enabling a full spectrum of Chinese launch vehicles. Compared with other China's LM series launch vehicles, it has the shortest launch preparation time. With the characteristics of appropriate launch capability, quick response, easy-to-use, flexible operation, universal interface and strong task adaptability, LM-11 can better meet the launch requirements for various small networking satellite, replacement and for emergency use. After four successful launches, LM-11 has become the main Chinese launch vehicle oriented to the international small satellite commercial launch market.     

LM-11SL:A Sea-Launched Carrier Rocket for Small Satellites and Its Launch Service

Following the successful maiden flight of the Long March 11(LM-11) launch vehicle from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in September 2015, the first sea-launched carrier rocket dedicated to provide a launch service for small satellites and their constellations, the Long March 11 Sea Launch(LM-11 SL) has been under development by the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology(CALT) and the China Great Wall Industry Corporation(CGWIC). It is planned to commence launch service in 2018. Based on the LM-11, a land-launched four-staged solid launch vehicle which has entered the market and accomplished launch missions for several small satellites in the past 3 years, the newly adopted sea launch technology enables transport and launch of LM-11 SL from maritime ships, providing flexible launch location selection.After inheriting the mature launch vehicle technologies from previous members of the Long March launch vehicle family and adopting a new way of launching from the sea, the LM-11 SL is capable of sending payloads into low Earth orbits with all altitudes and inclinations, from 200 km to 1000 km, from equatorial to sun synchronous, within a shortduration launch campaign. The LM-11 SL provides a flexible, reliable and economical launch service for the global small satellite industry.     

Technology Improvement for the High Reliability LM-2F Launch Vehicle

The Long March 2 F(LM-2F) launch vehicle, the only launch vehicle designed for manned space flight in China, successfully launched the Tiangong 2 space laboratory and the Shenzhou 11 manned spaceship into orbits in 2016 respectively. In this study, it introduces the technological improvements for enhancing the reliability of the LM-2F launch vehicle in the aspects of general technology, control system, manufacture and ground support system. The LM-2F launch vehicle will continue to provide more contributions to the Chinese Space Station Project with its high reliability and 100% success rate.     

Innovation and Outlook of the New Generation of Cryogenic and Quick-Launch Launch Vehicle

This paper introduces a launch vehicle scheme for the new generation of cryogenic and quick-launch launch vehicle(LM-6). The main technical innovations of LM-6 launch vehicle include the capability of twenty satellites launched by one vehicle, high-pressure staged combustion cycle engine and oxygen tank self-pressurization, sandwich bulkhead tank with 200 K temperature difference, and 7-day quick-launch using the "three horizontals" test and launch mode with integral transportation and erection. The future development of the quick-launch launch vehicle is predicted based upon the need for vehicle mission coverage improvement, better response speed, and stronger market competiveness.     

Technical Feature Analysis of the LM-5 Overall Plan

The Long March 5(LM-5) launch vehicle is China's new generation heavy-lift rocket with the largest payload capacity,representing the highest standard of China's current launchers.It took 10 years to develop the LM-5 launch vehicle.On November 3,2016,the LM-5 carrier rocket blasted off from the Wenchang satellite launch center on Hainan Island,achieving a successful maiden flight.During the development of the LM-5 rocket,the engineering team accumulated abundant experience on developing heavy-lift cryogenic rockets and established a thorough research and development system for new generation launch vehicles,which significantly raised the ability for launcher RD.     

China Will Launch A Spanish Lunar Rover

China Great Wall Industry Corporation (CGWIC) and Barcelona Galactic Suite Moon Race S.L (GSMR) signed a launch contract in Paris to launch a Spanish lunar rover with a LM-2C launch vehicle. According to the contract, CGWIC will provide the launch service for the lunar rover developed by the Barcelona moon     

Solid Rocket Motors for Launch Escape Tower Provide Safety to Astronauts

Compared with other ordinary launch vehicles, the LM-2F launch vehicle has two special systems, the fault detection processing system and launch escape system, because it is used for manned spaceflight missions. During the 10 flight missions carried out by LM-2F, only the launch     

长征三号甲系列运载火箭高适应性发展——从总体与导航制导控制的视角

从总体与导航制导控制的视角，对长征三号甲系列运载火箭发展与成就进行了分析和小结。长征三号甲系列运载火箭，在长征三号运载火箭解决我国发射高轨道卫星有无问题的基础上，历经基本能力、适应能力、高适应能力的发展，具备了高轨道大型卫星运载能力，突破了从单一轨道面到三维空间各种轨道发射、从高轨卫星转移轨道到工作轨道发射、从地球轨道到地月轨道发射以及从航天技术试验到高可靠工程应用发射等关键技术，使我国运载火箭整体能力取得了地球全轨道发射、星际轨道发射等跨越发展。航天重大工程和国际商业发射表明，该系列运载火箭已进入世界高轨道航天器发射的运载火箭前列，并奠定了进一步开拓发展的基础。     

China’s Global Space-based TT&C Network System Established

The Tianlian 1-03 satellite, the third geosynchronous data relay satellite of China, was successfully launched into space on a LM-3C launch vehicle from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center at 23:43 Beijing time on July 25. Twenty-six minutes after the liftoff, the satellite separated