基于无奇异变换的卫星广播星历拟合算法

针对导航卫星轨道偏心率近似为0,致使卫星轨道的近地点角距定义模糊,在数据拟合过程中会导致法矩阵（H^TH）奇异的问题,本文提出基于无奇异变换的广播星历参数拟合算法,引入无奇异轨道根数代替经典开普勒根数,推导了空间目标位置矢量对基于无奇异轨道根数的广播星历参数偏导数矩阵,利用变换后的观测方程迭代拟合得到改进广播星历参数,再将结果归一化到基于开普勒根数的广播星历参数。最后利用仿真算例验证了所推公式和算法的合理性。     

利用中间轨道法进行显式制导的方法探讨

本文用中间轨道法研究飞行器的显式制导。第一部份研究了需要速度的显式制导方法,给出了制导公式。第二部份研究利用外部信息估计落点偏差。分析表明,在自由飞行段5点测高可以估出落点偏差。所有结果可用于研究卫星拦截、交会和卫星轨道转移。     

一类椭圆轨道交会中的动力学方程研究

研究了一类追踪器和目标器轨道半长轴相差不大、轨道面外的距离相差不大的小偏心率椭圆交会的动力学问题.首先选择合适的圆轨道上的点建立参考系,推导出针对圆轨道参考系的无量纲化线性定常方程,并获得相应的相对状态;接着讨论该方程在小偏心椭圆轨道两冲量交会中的应用;最后进行数值仿真,验证动力学方程和制导策略,并与CW方程及制导策略的相关仿真进行比较.仿真结果表明本文给出的动力学方程的精度优于CW方程,能有效解决这类椭圆交会问题.     

一种基于动目标点的上面级相对相位控制方法

根据上面级多星发射任务对相对相位角的控制需求,提出了一种基于动目标点的以半长轴、偏心率、倾角和升交点赤经等轨道要素偏差为控制量的要素制导方法。给出了制导方法中的动目标点求取和根据轨道偏差进行控制使其到达目标位置的两个步骤。无需事先计算目标位置,根据参考卫星的初始轨道信息进行轨道预报在线实时计算目标点,有效消除了参考卫星的J2摄动影响及初始轨道偏差引起的相对相位角的误差。数学仿真结果验证了方法对相对相位控制的有效性和鲁棒性。     

闭路制导在小型固体运载火箭中的应用

固体运载火箭发动机推力偏差和秒耗量偏差大,导致关机点时间偏差也大,因此偏差轨道和按标称值飞行的标准轨道之间偏差大,传统的摄动制导难以满足对卫星高入轨精度的要求。针对固体运载火箭的上述特点,本文提出具有工程意义的闭路制导方法。实现闭路制导的关键之一是需要速度的求解。本文根据运载火箭的实时飞行状态和卫星轨道元素之间的关系推导出简单实用的需要速度,并应用于发射近圆轨道卫星的小型固体运载火箭的闭路制导控制中。经过数学仿真验证,证明本文中的方法在各种干扰下均具有较高的精度。     

近圆轨道编队飞行星座相对构型稳定性分析

在近圆轨道编队飞行的假设条件下 ,根据动力学关系推导出了环绕卫星相对参考卫星的运动学简化模型 ,并以此简化模型为基础 ,研究了半长轴入轨偏差δa ,轨道倾角偏差δi ,轨道偏心率偏差δe在地球扁率摄动条件下对编队飞行星座相对构型稳定性影响 ,深入分析了各种因素的规律和特点 ,并以此对编队飞行星座轨道设计提出建议。     

同步卫星E/W轨道控制盒划分策略

对于当代同步轨道通信卫星来说,星载设备寿命一般都高于星载燃料使用寿命,因此卫星设计寿命都是以星载燃料消耗殆尽为依据的。卫星轨道保持不仅是卫星测控任务的重要工作之一,同时也是星载燃料消耗的主要途径。文中从卫星平经度漂移量、测站定轨精度、星载推进器推力误差、卫星南北机动对东西方向耦合等多方面探讨同步轨道通信卫星E/W轨道保持策略,介绍一种细化轨道控制区间、估算偏心率控制圆半径范围的方法。     

火星卫星的冻结轨道研究

冻结轨道是一种稳定的轨道,地球、火星、月球的卫星因引力场的南北不对称,都存在冻结轨道.由于主星体引力场的不同,它们卫星的冻结轨道也有不同的特性.地球卫星的冻结执道的偏心率非常小,对卫星遥感非常有利,国内外已有相当多的近地遥感卫星采用这种轨道.月球卫星的冻结轨道偏心率随轨道倾角的不同有很大的变化,对月球卫星冻结轨道的研究...     

地球静止轨道共位控制策略研究

双星或多星共位是解决地球静止卫星轨位紧张的主要手段,共位控制策略是保证共位卫星安全的必然需求.综述了地球静止轨道共位控制策略的设计方法和数学原理;通过建立共位卫星最小接近距离与轨道偏置量的约束方程,给出经度隔离漂移环分配算法,绕飞隔离偏心率偏置控制算法,和外切隔离圆四星共位偏心率相对偏置算法,基于隔离带的倾角矢量四象限偏置算法;分析和比较了不同控制策略的适用条件、代价和控制精度;以实际测量的相对距离变化,分析了共位控制策略的有效性和安全性.     

弹道导弹关机点偏导数计算/校验的新算法

对摄动制导的弹道导弹而言,关机点偏导数和全导数计算及其校验是导弹诸元计算中的重要环节。本文利用相对系运动参数和绝对系运动参数之间的关系,推导了弹道导弹关机点偏导数计算的三组新的计算公式,这些公式均建立在严格证明的基础上,它们构成了完整的、高精度偏导数计算/校验算法。和定型的算法相比,文中的算法具有数学描述简洁,计算方便,校验可靠、精度高的优点。可满足弹道式导弹精确诸元解算/校验的要求。     

圆形太阳同步轨道卫星的空间热环境分析

近年来得到广泛应用的微小型卫星大多运行于圆形的太阳同步轨道,空间外热流的计算对卫星热控制系统的设计至关重要。分析了圆形太阳同步近地轨道受太阳照射的特性,建立了运行于圆形太阳同步轨道的三轴稳定的长方体卫星的外热流模型,归纳了太阳辐射热流、地球反照热流和地球辐射热流的瞬时和周期平均值的计算公式,分析了外热流的变化规律。分析指出太阳同步轨道的受晒特性主要由轨道的降交点地方时决定,外热流中太阳辐射最强,地球反照最弱。通过计算卫星各表面的外热流特性,可选择合适的散热面及太阳能电池安装面。     

Low-energy Earth–Moon transfers involving manifolds through isomorphic mapping

Analysis and design of low-energy transfers to the Moon has been a subject of great interest for decades. Exterior and interior transfers, based on the transit through the regions where the collinear libration points are located, have been studied for a long time and some space missions have already taken advantage of the results of these studies. This paper is concerned with a geometrical approach for low-energy Earth-to-Moon mission analysis, based on isomorphic mapping. The isomorphic mapping of trajectories allows a visual, intuitive representation of periodic orbits and of the related invariant manifolds, which correspond to tubes that emanate from the curve associated with the periodic orbit. Two types of Earth-to-Moon missions are considered. The first mission is composed of the following arcs: (i) transfer trajectory from a circular low Earth orbit to the stable invariant manifold associated with the Lyapunov orbit at L₁ (corresponding to a specified energy level) and (ii) transfer trajectory along the unstable manifold associated with the Lyapunov orbit at L₁, with final injection in a periodic orbit around the Moon. The second mission is composed of the following arcs: (i) transfer trajectory from a circular low Earth orbit to the stable invariant manifold associated with the Lyapunov orbit at L₁ (corresponding to a specified energy level) and (ii) transfer trajectory along the unstable manifold associated with the Lyapunov orbit at L₁, with final injection in a capture (non-periodic) orbit around the Moon. In both cases three velocity impulses are needed to perform the transfer: the first at an unknown initial point along the low Earth orbit, the second at injection on the stable manifold, the third at injection in the final (periodic or capture) orbit. The final goal is in finding the optimization parameters, which are represented by the locations, directions, and magnitudes of the velocity impulses such that the overall delta-v of the transfer is minimized. This work proves how isomorphic mapping (in two distinct forms) can be profitably employed to optimize such transfers, by determining in a geometrical fashion the desired optimization parameters that minimize the delta-v budget required to perform the transfer.     

关于旋进椭圆的讨论

根据Bertrand定理关于轨道闭合的条件,我们知道当中心引力的形式为径向距离的幂次型函数时,并不总能导致闭合轨道,即运动的质点不一定能返回到它自己的轨迹上去。这个定理指出:一切运动质点其初始条件稍微偏离圆轨道的要求条件时,只有当引力满足平方反比律(即牛顿万有引力定律)或线性定律(即虎克定律)时,轨道才是闭合的。 本文试图采用分析力学中作用角变量的方法,对一般情形下的轨道闭合条件进行讨论。这里我们看到使初始轨道接近于圆轨道的假设是不必要的,而且力的类型可推广到包括平方反比和其它幂次型的力。我们证明了轨道闭合的判别公式,并得到在上述情形下轨道非闭合的结论。 最后,如果中心引力包括有r~(-2)项和r~(-3)项时,象相对论性改正后所得到的那样,轨道就不再是闭合的,而是一旋进椭圆形轨道,椭圆的旋进角速度可以容易地计算出来。     

Mission design and analysis of European astrophysics missions orbiting libration points

The main characteristics of the trajectory design of space observatory missions in the Earth–Sun libration point region is highlighted, based on experiences gained in work performed by the authors on ESA missions. Free transfers always lead to large-amplitude orbits around L₂, their properties (amplitudes, phases, non-linear behaviour) are related to the conditions at perigee. Launch scenarios with different degrees of freedom in the perigee geometry and different strategies of sharing the apogee raising between launcher and spacecraft propulsion for Soyuz (with circular parking orbit or direct injection) and Ariane 5 launches from French Guiana will be discussed. Besides the orbit selection and transfer analysis, an important aspect of libration missions is the maintenance of the operational orbit. For some missions it is required to maximise the time between maintenance manoeuvres, and for some the thrust authority is limited. In both cases the exponential nature of the state transition matrix has to be considered. If the equivalent velocity error in the unstable direction becomes too large, the orbit can become unrecoverable, leading to a departure from the environment of the Lagrange point within a few months.     

Spacecraft Injection into a Heliocentric Terrestrial Orbit

We consider the problem of injection of a spacecraft into the heliocentric Earth's orbit ahead and/or behind the Earth by 60° and 120° in heliographic longitude. The range of solar and astrophysical problems for which these orbits are necessary is reviewed. The variants of injection into heliocentric orbits work from a low around-Earth orbit with one turn-on of the engine in this orbit and one turn-on at the end of the injection trajectory. In this case, it turns out to be more profitable to put spacecraft into orbit for three or even four revolutions of the Earth about the Sun. The velocities necessary for the start from a low around-Earth orbit, the velocities at the final point of injection, and the fuel mass (relative to the spacecraft mass) necessary for injection are estimated. The problems for which injection to similar orbits is executed, using the low-thrust engine and with a combined regime of injection, are also considered.     

考虑地球扁率效应的两圆轨道之间的双共切最优转移

两圆轨道之间的双共切转移轨道是其近地点和远地点分别在这两个圆轨道上的椭圆轨道。本文用两次冲量法给出了沿双共切椭圆轨道实现从一圆轨道向另一圆轨道转移的最优方案，并考虑到地球扁率造成的轨道摄动。文中的所谓圆轨道指的是变轨时刻的密切轨道为圆形的轨道，是对近圆轨道的近似替找。     

地面目标被卫星观测的时间计算方程

根据几何原理,对沿圆轨道运行、星载遥感器以圆锥扫描方式或线扫描方式工作的卫星,给出了确定地面目标能被该卫星观测的时间的方程。     

Variation of the Satellite Orbit Altitude by the Light Pressure Force

The possibility of the uncontrolled increase of the altitude of an almost circular satellite orbit by the force of the light pressure is investigated. The satellite is equipped with a damper and a system of mirrors (solar batteries can serve as such a system). The flight of the satellite takes place in the mode of a single-axis gravitational orientation, the axis of its minimum principal central moment of inertia makes a small angle with the local vertical and the motion of the satellite around this axis constitutes forced oscillations under the impact of the moment of force of the light pressure. The form of the oscillations and the initial orbit are chosen so that the transverse component of the force of the light pressure acting upon the satellite be positive and the semimajor axis of the orbit would continuously increase. As this takes place, the orbit remains almost circular. We investigate the evolution of the orbit over an extended time interval by the method which employs separate integration of the equations of the orbital and rotational motions of the satellite. The method includes outer and inner cycles. The outer cycle involves the numerical integration of the averaged equations of motion of the satellite center of mass. The inner cycle serves to calculate the right-hand sides of these equations. It amounts to constructing an asymptotically stable periodic motion of the satellite in the mode of a single-axis gravitational orientation for current values of the orbit elements and to averaging the equations of the orbital motion along it. It is demonstrated that the monotone increase of the semimajor axis takes place during the first 15 years of motion. In actuality, the semimajor axis oscillates with a period of about 60 years. The eccentricity and inclination of the orbit remain close to their initial values.     

相邻两航天器相对运动近似方程的解析解及比动能方程

在地心引力场中,当目标航天器沿近圆轨道作无动力运动时,与目标航天器相邻的受控航天器相对于目标航天器的运动可以近似地用Hill方程描述。文章给出了受控航天器对目标航天器运动的推力加速度随时间线性变化时Hill方程的解析解。并根据Hill方程导出了受控航天器相对目标航天器运动的比动能方程。还讨论了比动能方程在上述两航天器轨道相遇和轨道交会问题中的应用。     

空间环境对神舟飞船轨道衰减影响分析

针对卫星长期管理积累的海量空间数据的分析利用问题,结合神舟六号飞船轨道舱的空间数据,利用求解经验公式的方法,研究了神舟六号飞船轨道舱2006年太阳活动和地磁活动对轨道衰减值的影响,并利用2005年至2007年神舟六号飞船轨道舱的实测轨道数据,对公式进行了验证,结果证明利用经验公式可以对未来轨道进行预报,并在短时间内具有可信性。