独立设置现代电子工程实验课程的探索与实践

电子技术基础实验已不能完全适应科学技术发展的需要，为此探索了将电子技术基础实验以现代电子工程实验形式单独设课，改进现有了电子技术实验模式，增设综合性系统性实验，加强实验师资队伍建设，完善实验考核制度，使电子技术实验室成为提高学生综合素质的场所。     

我会是“叛徒”?

实验志1实验进程1-15天实验日期2007年11月27日-12月12日实验白描:此为实验的第一阶段,要求21名志愿者全部完成15天卧床实验;各实验项目能按照计划节点顺利完成。这一阶段通常为"人体生理反应的急性适应期",志愿者们都不同程度的存在头晕、鼻塞、腰酸、心慌等现象。不少志     

电子技术试验培养学生创新能力的探索与思考

本文分析了电子技术实教学中存在的问题:实验方式单一;教师指导太细;实验条件受限。介绍了本校实验改革的做法:优化了实验环境;分三个层次进行实验教学;采用虚实结合的实验方法;重视实验教材建设。提出了进一步改革的思路:基本实验全开放;探索项目教学法;以课外科技活动为载体,提高学生的创新能力。     

微处理器应用实验远程实验系统

介绍进行远程微处理器应用实验的系统设计方案。该系统以南京大学电子系的WCS- 3微处理器实验系统为远程实验对象 ,可以远程重构实验电路。系统集成了远程调试和远程逻辑分析的功能 ,学生可以方便地通过校园网进行远程微处理器应用实验。     

结合数字实验的CPLD设计实训课程

在教学过程中采用了实验+实训的课程教学模式,把实验课程的教学改革推向到工程训练性实验的层次,介绍了CPLD实训和数字电子技术实验相结合的具体课程实施.     

结合数字实验的CPLD设计实训课程

在教学过程中采用了实验 实训的课程教学模式,把实验课程的教学改革推向到工程训练性实验的层次,介绍了CPLD实训和数字电子技术实验相结合的具体课程实施.     

我们的痛与乐

实验志2实验进程15-30天实验日期2007年12月13日-28日实验白描:卧床前15天是人体生理反应的急性适应期,但随着卧床实验时间继续延长,志愿者的生理不适逐渐消失,单调乏味的生活,限制活动等因素成为主要应激源。这个阶段,工作人员必须丰富志愿者的日常生活,充实他们的精神力量。本阶段的实验要求是在不出现严重生理及心理反应的基础上,实现95%的志愿者完成30天卧床实验。     

黎明前的黑夜

实验志4实验进程45天～60天实验日期2008年1月13日～1月28日实验白描:实验结束的倒计时进入最后半个月。这个阶段为志愿者的"生理、心理综合反应期",一方面随着卧床实验的进展,志愿者免疫功能下降、下肢无力、头晕等现象日渐突出,同时实验即将结束、春节临近,志愿者想家、焦虑等负性心理越来越多。实验45天,21名志愿者全部都坚持下来了。最后15天呢?这是最后的考验也是最严峻的考验。所有的人都不希望倒在黎明前的黑夜。     

中国青少年卫星搭载科学实验活动

多难的＂蚕在太空吐丝结茧＂实验1999年,在美国＂太空科技研究学生计划＂中国学生实验方案征集中,北京景山学校学生李桃桃提出的＂蚕在太空吐丝结茧＂实验构想,从中国各地中小学生提出的近900项实验方案中脱颖而出,被确定为＂上天＂实验方案。     

论仿真实验在实验教学中的地位和作用

本文通过阐述仿真实验与实验室开放、与网络以及与传通实验的关系,进而说明了开展仿真实验的重要性及意义,表达了仿真实验在整个实验教学体系中的地位和作用。     

The Effect of Dissipative Moments Caused by Liquid Body Viscosity on the Rotation Stability of a Space Object

The influence of dissipative forces in a viscous liquid that completely fills the cavities of a space object executing a rotational motion is analyzed. The Navier–Stokes equations are solved by expanding them into a series in terms of eigenfunctions of the boundary value problem on involving the resting liquid in rotation around the longitudinal axis of a cavity. The analytical solutions for coaxial cylindrical and concentric spherical cavities are obtained, in particular, for a straight circular cylinder and a sphere. The stability of the single-axis orientation of a space object filled with a viscous liquid is investigated. The dependences of rotation decay processes and drifts of the space object's longitudinal axis from a given direction are shown on the plane of constructive parameters.     

Solving Optimization Problems for the Flight Trajectories of a Spacecraft with a High-Thrust Jet Engine in Pulse Formulation for an Arbitrary Gravitational Field in a Vacuum

A mathematically well-posed technique is suggested to obtain first-order necessary conditions of local optimality for the problems of optimization to be solved in a pulse formulation for flight trajectories of a spacecraft with a high-thrust jet engine (HTJE) in an arbitrary gravitational field in vacuum. The technique is based on the Lagrange principle of derestriction for conditional extremum problems in a function space. It allows one to formalize an algorithm of change from the problems of optimization to a boundary-value problem for a system of ordinary differential equations in the case of any optimization problem for which the pulse formulation makes sense. In this work, such a change is made for the case of optimizing the flight trajectories of a spacecraft with a HTJE when terminal and intermediate conditions (like equalities, inequalities, and the terminal functional of minimization) are taken in a general form. As an example of the application of the suggested technique, we consider in this work, within the framework of a bounded circular three-point problem in pulse formulation, the problem of constructing the flight trajectories of a spacecraft with a HTJE through one or several libration points (including the case of going through all libration points) of the Earth–Moon system. The spacecraft is launched from a circular orbit of an Earth's artificial satellite and, upon passing through a point (or points) of libration, returns to the initial orbit. The expenditure of mass (characteristic velocity) is minimized at a restricted time of transfer.     

多模切换控制方法及其在分导飞行器姿态机动控制中的应用研究

研究一类离散切换系统的鲁棒保性能状态反馈控制器设计问题。利用切换Lyapunov函数和线性矩阵不等式方法,得到了鲁棒保性能控制器存在的一个充分条件,给出了控制器的参数化表示,并将次优保性能控制器的设计问题转化为基于线性矩阵不等式约束下的凸优化问题。最后将所提理论应用于某飞行器的控制方案设计中,说明了本文所提设计方法的有效性。     

Conditions of the Maximum Principle in the Problem of Optimal Control over an Aggregate of Dynamic Systems and Their Application to Solution of the Problems of Optimal Control of Spacecraft Motion

The necessary first-order conditions of strong local optimality (conditions of maximum principle) are considered for the problems of optimal control over a set of dynamic systems. To derive them a method is suggested based on the Lagrange principle of removing constraints in the problems on a conditional extremum in a functional space. An algorithm of conversion from the problem of optimal control of an aggregate of dynamic systems to a multipoint boundary value problem is suggested for a set of systems of ordinary differential equations with the complete set of conditions necessary for its solution. An example of application of the methods and algorithm proposed is considered: the solution of the problem of constructing the trajectories of a spacecraft flight at a constant altitude above a preset area (or above a preset point) of a planet's surface in a vacuum (for a planet with atmosphere beyond the atmosphere). The spacecraft is launched from a certain circular orbit of a planet's satellite. This orbit is to be determined (optimized). Then the satellite is injected to the desired trajectory segment (or desired point) of a flyby above the planet's surface at a specified altitude. After the flyby the satellite is returned to the initial circular orbit. A method is proposed of correct accounting for constraints imposed on overload (mixed restrictions of inequality type) and on the distance from the planet center: extended (nonpointlike) intermediate (phase) restrictions of the equality type.     

Station keeping of a solar sail around a Halo orbit

Solar sails are a concept of spacecraft propulsion that takes advantage of solar radiation pressure to propel a spacecraft. Although the thrust provided by a solar sail is small it is constant and unlimited. This offers the chance to deal with novel mission concept. In this work we want to discuss the controllability of a spacecraft around a Halo orbit by means of a solar sail. We will describe the natural dynamics for a solar sail around a Halo orbit. By natural dynamics we mean the behaviour of the trajectory of a solar sail when no control on the sail orientation is applied. We will then discuss how a sequence of changes on the sail orientation will affects the sail's trajectory, and we will use this information to derive efficient station keeping strategies. Finally we will check the robustness of these strategies including different sources of errors in our simulations.     

Magnetic launching in outer space

We examine the idea of accelerating a space ship, carrying a magnetic dipole moment, in a long inhomogeneous magnetic field. It is shown that it is technically possible to impart a mass of 10 tons a speed greater than the escape velocity of the solar system. We consider the flow of energy and give a rough calculation of the main parameters of the launching device. The device can be used continually and can decelerate a spacecraft with dipole moment equally well.     

A simplified approach to uncertainty quantification for orbits in impulsive deflection scenarios

For the majority of near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) impact scenarios, optimal deflection strategies use a massive impactor or a nuclear explosive, either of which produce an impulsive change to the orbit of the object. However, uncertainties regarding the object composition and the efficiency of the deflection event lead to a non-negligible uncertainty in the deflection delta-velocity. Propagating this uncertainty through the resulting orbit will create a positional uncertainty envelope at the original impact epoch. We calculate a simplified analytic evolution for impulsively deflected NEAs and perform a full propagation of uncertainties that is nonlinear in the deflection delta-velocity vector. This provides an understanding of both the optimal deflection velocities needed for a given scenario, as well as the resulting positional uncertainty and corresponding residual impact probability. Confidence of a successful deflection attempt as a function of launch opportunities is also discussed for a specific case.     

载人航天器密封舱内管路设备维修设计与验证

载人航天器密封舱内配置大量的气、液管路设备,实现管路设备的在轨维修,对于提高长期在轨飞行载人航天器的安全性及使用寿命具有重要意义。文章对某载人航天器再生生保管路设备在轨维修性进行了设计,经地面充分验证后,航天员在轨完成了管路设备维修操作,结果表明本文提出的管路设备在轨维修设计正确、有效,可为载人航天器其他在轨维修设计提供参考。     

NEEMO 7 undersea mission

The NEEMO 7 mission was the seventh in a series of NASA-coordinated missions utilizing the Aquarius undersea habitat in Florida as a human space mission analog. The primary research focus of this mission was to evaluate telementoring and telerobotic surgery technologies as potential means to deliver medical care to astronauts during spaceflight. The NEEMO 7 crewmembers received minimal pre-mission training to perform selected medical and surgical procedures. These procedures included: (1) use of a portable ultrasound to locate and measure abdominal organs and structures in a crewmember subject; (2) use of a portable ultrasound to insert a small needle and drain into a fluid-filled cystic cavity in a simulated patient; (3) surgical repair of two arteries in a simulated patient; (4) cystoscopy and use of a ureteral basket to remove a renal stone in a simulated patient; and (5) laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a simulated patient. During the actual mission, the crewmembers performed the procedures without or with telementoring and telerobotic assistance from experts located in Hamilton, Ontario. The results of the NEEMO 7 medical experiments demonstrated that telehealth interventions rely heavily on a robust broadband, high data rate telecommunication link; that certain interventional procedures can be performed adequately by minimally trained individuals with telementoring assistance; and that prior clinical experience does not always correlate with better procedural performance. As space missions become longer in duration and take place further from Earth, enhancement of medical care capability and expertise will be required. The kinds of medical technologies demonstrated during the NEEMO 7 mission may play a significant role in enabling the human exploration of space beyond low earth orbit, particularly to destinations such as the Moon and Mars.     

One Possible Mechanism to Sustain Combustion inside a Closed Region under Zero Gravity

An experimental study carried out aboard the Mirstation showed that a stearin candle can burn for a long time even inside a closed volume without a forced circulation. Such experiments imply that there is some mechanism for a permanent transport of the oxidizer to the flame zone. It can be assumed that a jet of combustion products outflowing along a normal direction with respect to the flame surface produces a vortex motion in the environmental space, which delivers oxygen to the flame zone. To verify the feasibility of combustion to be sustained by such a mechanism, a mathematical statement of the problem of combustion inside a closed region under zero gravity without a forced circulation was formulated. A simplified model was put forward to simulate the combustion of solid and liquid substances, which allowed the effects of chemical reactions to be reduced to boundary conditions. The computations showed that the proposed mechanism of oxygen transport to the flame zone really can sustain an almost stationary regime of combustion.