共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 21 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
Reference frames are representations that parse space. In the case of spatial terms, reference frames mediate the mapping of linguistic expressions onto spatial configurations of objects. In the sentence ``The fly is above the cat,' ``above' is defined with respect to a reference frame that is imposed on the cat. Different types of reference frames can be used to define spatial terms, each based on a different source of information. For example, gravity, the orientation of objects in the scene or the orientation of the viewer can all be used to set the orientation of a reference frame. When these reference frames disagree (because the viewer is reclining or because the objects in the scene are overturned), there are competing definitions for the spatial term, resulting in the need for reference frame selection. The purpose of this paper is to review a line of research that examines reference frame selection in the context of spatial language. This work shows that all reference frames are initially active and assign a direction to a spatial term. Moreover, this activation is automatic, and is followed by the selection of a single reference frame, with selection accompanied by inhibition of the non-selected frames. Parallels between reference frame selection in language and in perception and attention are discussed. 相似文献
4.
Waltham D 《Astrobiology》2011,11(2):105-114
Planetary anthropic selection, the idea that Earth has unusual properties since, otherwise, we would not be here to observe it, is a controversial idea. This paper proposes a methodology by which to test anthropic proposals by comparison of Earth to synthetic populations of Earth-like planets. The paper illustrates this approach by investigating possible anthropic selection for high (or low) rates of Milankovitch-driven climate change. Three separate tests are investigated: (1) Earth-Moon properties and their effect on obliquity; (2) Individual planet locations and their effect on eccentricity variation; (3) The overall structure of the Solar System and its effect on eccentricity variation. In all three cases, the actual Earth/Solar System has unusually low Milankovitch frequencies compared to similar alternative systems. All three results are statistically significant at the 5% or better level, and the probability of all three occurring by chance is less than 10(-5). It therefore appears that there has been anthropic selection for slow Milankovitch cycles. This implies possible selection for a stable climate, which, if true, undermines the Gaia hypothesis and also suggests that planets with Earth-like levels of biodiversity are likely to be very rare. 相似文献
5.
进行了传爆药柱参数选择方法研究。针对研制的不同阶段,结合界面可靠性要求,提出可靠性设计、可靠性验证及可靠性评估3个参数优化程序。以柱形爆炸器传爆药柱设计为实例,说明此套传爆药柱参数选择方法是可行的。 相似文献
6.
结合传统卫星总体设计和现代优化设计方法 ,提出卫星总体优化设计流程。首先明确任务目标和任务要求 ,然后用模糊多目标优选方法进行总体方案类型优选 ,最后确定了卫星总体参数优化设计的设计变量、约束条件和目标函数 ,并且建立起成本、性能、费效比、可靠性和多目标的优化模型。最后 ,对四个单目标优化和多目标优化的结果进行了比较 相似文献
7.
V.I. Prokhorenko 《Acta Astronautica》1985,12(10):741-745
The questions on the orbit selection for studying various areas of the Earth magnetosphere are discussed. The method of the orbit selection is based on the use of orbital tori and on the construction of areas of orbit set intersection with model surfaces, forming specific areas in the near Earth space: bow shock (BSh), magnetopause (MP) neutral sheet in the magnetosphere tail, cusp etc. Intersections of the “Prognoz” 1–8 orbit set with model surfaces BSh and MP are shown. 相似文献
8.
9.
本文讨论导弹总体设计参数的优选问题。通过实例,讨论了正交设计和逐次撒网登高相结合的优选方法的应用。结果表明,本文提供的方法计算量小,效率高,简便实用。 相似文献
10.
针对深空自主导航的小天体“形心和光心”提取问题,提出了小天体不规则度的概念,并给出了定义。小天体不规则度可以度量小天体形状和亮度的不规则程度,并作为不规则小天体质心提取方法的选取准则。首先提出了基于小天体不规则度的图像处理方法选取准则,进而针对形状不规则程度较大的小天体,提出一种基于最小外接图形的不规则小天体形心提取方法。最后,对基于不规则度的图像处理方法选择和形心提取算法进行了仿真。结果表明,不规则度很好地刻画了小天体不规则特性,选取准则可以实现算法的有效选取,实现小天体质心的高精度提取。 相似文献
11.
遥控和遥测包应用标准在航天器中的使用方法 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
对遥控和遥测包应用标准(PUS)的产生历史、应用现状以及主要特性进行了分析。针对中国航天器中遥控遥测应用层格式不统一、设备和软件无法通用等问题,探讨了在中国航天器中如何使用包应用标准。文章从遥控应用和遥测应用两方面阐述了包应用标准在中国航天器上的应用方法,着重分析了遥控遥测链路协议选择、包应用标准业务选择、遥控遥测包的传输方法等方面。使用包应用标准,将有助于进一步实现遥控遥测系统的标准化,以及航天器上设备和软件的通用化。 相似文献
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
The authors examine psychological issues and countermeasures in extended space flight. Individual-oriented pre-flight countermeasures include basic psychological selection and training of astronaut candidates. Crew-oriented pre-flight countermeasures include crew composition based on psychological compatibility and psychological mission preparation. Psychological inflight support measures include those that address the emotional state and well-being of astronauts, performance efficiency, and prevention of task overload. Suggestions for an integrated approach to psychological countermeasures for extended flights are presented. Case reports examine psychological selection and training of German astronauts in preparation for the STS-55 mission. 相似文献
18.
面向月球中继卫星工程轨道设计需求,研究解析计算方法在地月系L2点halo轨道设计中的应用问题。在讨论圆型限制性三体问题三阶解析近似计算方法的基础上,分析了解析计算与数值计算的差异,给出了解析近似计算在工程约束下的适用范围,进而提出了基于解析计算的轨道设计和特征筛选方法。分别采用解析初值和数值初值进行halo轨道外推,比对验证采用解析计算设计轨道的可行性。研究结果表明,解析计算方法适用于月球中继卫星轨道的初步设计、特征分析和构型筛选。 相似文献
19.
为提高星载GPS接收机的故障鉴别与故障隔离能力,研究了星载接收机自主完好性监测(RAIM)算法的性能,以及参数选取对性能的影响;给出了RAIM算法的可用性及RAIM算法应用的可靠性衡量指标,并推导了内、外灵敏度的计算方法。设计了2种适合于高动态在轨应用环境的参数场景,并基于这2种场景,利用在轨数据分析了性能之间的相互制约关系及不同参数对性能的影响。仿真结果表明:若定位告警门限取300m,可以保证90%的RAIM算法可用性;对于20m的测量误差,能够保证80%的检测概率。将不同性能与先验参数的影响关系具体化,可为不同环境、背景下RAIM算法在工程应用中的参数选取及性能评估提供参考。 相似文献